Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Arsenio Spinillo |
Author | Fausta Beneventi |
Author | Véronique Ramoni |
Author | Roberto Caporali |
Author | Elena Locatelli |
Author | Margherita Simonetta |
Author | Chiara Cavagnoli |
Author | Claudia Alpini |
Author | Giulia Albonico |
Author | Elena Prisco |
Author | Carlomaurizio Montecucco |
URL | http://ard.bmj.com/content/71/6/918 |
Rights | Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions |
Volume | 71 |
Issue | 6 |
Pages | 918-923 |
Publication | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases |
ISSN | 0003-4967, 1468-2060 |
Date | 2012/06/01 |
Extra | PMID: 22294629 |
DOI | 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-154146 |
Accessed | 2018-02-06 10:04:00 |
Library Catalog | ard.bmj.com |
Language | en |
Abstract | Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the rates of previously undiagnosed rheumatic diseases during the first trimester of pregnancy and their impact on the pregnancy outcome. Methods Pregnant women in their first trimester were screened using a two-step approach using a self-administered 10-item questionnaire and subsequent testing for rheumatic autoantibodies (antinuclear antibody, anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-extractable nuclear antigen, anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies and lupus anticoagulant) and evaluation by a rheumatologist. Overall, the complications of pregnancy evaluated included fetal loss, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction, delivery at less than 34 weeks, neonatal resuscitation and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Results Out of the 2458 women screened, the authors identified 62 (2.5%) women with previously undiagnosed undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) and 24 (0.98%) women with previously undiagnosed definite systemic rheumatic disease. The prevalences were seven (0.28%) for systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome, six (0.24%) for rheumatoid arthritis, three (0.12%) for antiphospholipid syndrome and one (0.04%) for systemic sclerosis. In multiple exact logistic regression, after adjustment for potential confounders, the OR of overall complications of pregnancy were 2.81 (95% CI 1.29 to 6.18) in women with UCTD and 4.57 (95% CI 1.57 to 13.57) in those with definite diseases, respectively, compared with asymptomatic controls. Conclusions In our population approximately 2.5% and 1% of first trimester pregnant women had a previously undiagnosed UCTD and definite systemic rheumatic disease, respectively. These conditions were associated with significant negative effects on the outcome of pregnancy. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | P. Kar |
URL | http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.g7848.full?ijkey=cghgXIVuUOv354Y&keytype=ref |
Volume | 350 |
Issue | jan06 12 |
Pages | g7848-g7848 |
Publication | BMJ |
ISSN | 1756-1833 |
Date | 2015-01-06 |
DOI | 10.1136/bmj.g7848 |
Accessed | 2015-01-11 20:13:12 |
Library Catalog | CrossRef |
Language | en |
Short Title | Improving diabetes care |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Olvert A. Berkhemer |
Author | Puck S.S. Fransen |
Author | Debbie Beumer |
Author | Lucie A. van den Berg |
Author | Hester F. Lingsma |
Author | Albert J. Yoo |
Author | Wouter J. Schonewille |
Author | Jan Albert Vos |
Author | Paul J. Nederkoorn |
Author | Marieke J.H. Wermer |
Author | Marianne A.A. van Walderveen |
Author | Julie Staals |
Author | Jeannette Hofmeijer |
Author | Jacques A. van Oostayen |
Author | Geert J. Lycklama à Nijeholt |
Author | Jelis Boiten |
Author | Patrick A. Brouwer |
Author | Bart J. Emmer |
Author | Sebastiaan F. de Bruijn |
Author | Lukas C. van Dijk |
Author | L. Jaap Kappelle |
Author | Rob H. Lo |
Author | Ewoud J. van Dijk |
Author | Joost de Vries |
Author | Paul L.M. de Kort |
Author | Willem Jan J. van Rooij |
Author | Jan S.P. van den Berg |
Author | Boudewijn A.A.M. van Hasselt |
Author | Leo A.M. Aerden |
Author | René J. Dallinga |
Author | Marieke C. Visser |
Author | Joseph C.J. Bot |
Author | Patrick C. Vroomen |
Author | Omid Eshghi |
Author | Tobien H.C.M.L. Schreuder |
Author | Roel J.J. Heijboer |
Author | Koos Keizer |
Author | Alexander V. Tielbeek |
Author | Heleen M. den Hertog |
Author | Dick G. Gerrits |
Author | Renske M. van den Berg-Vos |
Author | Giorgos B. Karas |
Author | Ewout W. Steyerberg |
Author | H. Zwenneke Flach |
Author | Henk A. Marquering |
Author | Marieke E.S. Sprengers |
Author | Sjoerd F.M. Jenniskens |
Author | Ludo F.M. Beenen |
Author | René van den Berg |
Author | Peter J. Koudstaal |
Author | Wim H. van Zwam |
Author | Yvo B.W.E.M. Roos |
Author | Aad van der Lugt |
Author | Robert J. van Oostenbrugge |
Author | Charles B.L.M. Majoie |
Author | Diederik W.J. Dippel |
URL | http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1411587 |
Volume | 372 |
Issue | 1 |
Pages | 11-20 |
Publication | New England Journal of Medicine |
ISSN | 0028-4793 |
Date | January 1, 2015 |
Extra | PMID: 25517348 |
DOI | 10.1056/NEJMoa1411587 |
Accessed | 2015-01-08 11:11:10 |
Library Catalog | Taylor and Francis+NEJM |
Abstract | In patients with acute ischemic stroke due to a proximal intracranial arterial occlusion, intraarterial treatment (with retrievable stents in 82% of patients) within 6 hours improved functional outcome at 90 days. Alteplase was given to 89% of patients before randomization. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Inzucchi SE |
Author | Lipska KJ |
Author | Mayo H |
Author | Bailey CJ |
Author | McGuire DK |
URL | http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.15298 |
Volume | 312 |
Issue | 24 |
Pages | 2668-2675 |
Publication | JAMA |
ISSN | 0098-7484 |
Date | December 24, 2014 |
Journal Abbr | JAMA |
DOI | 10.1001/jama.2014.15298 |
Accessed | 2014-12-26 19:49:58 |
Library Catalog | Silverchair |
Abstract | Importance Metformin is widely viewed as the best initial pharmacological option to lower glucose concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the drug is contraindicated in many individuals with impaired kidney function because of concerns of lactic acidosis.Objective To assess the risk of lactic acidosis associated with metformin use in individuals with impaired kidney function.Evidence Acquisition In July 2014, we searched the MEDLINE and Cochrane databases for English-language articles pertaining to metformin, kidney disease, and lactic acidosis in humans between 1950 and June 2014. We excluded reviews, letters, editorials, case reports, small case series, and manuscripts that did not directly pertain to the topic area or that met other exclusion criteria. Of an original 818 articles, 65 were included in this review, including pharmacokinetic/metabolic studies, large case series, retrospective studies, meta-analyses, and a clinical trial.Results Although metformin is renally cleared, drug levels generally remain within the therapeutic range and lactate concentrations are not substantially increased when used in patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rates, 30-60 mL/min per 1.73 m2). The overall incidence of lactic acidosis in metformin users varies across studies from approximately 3 per 100 000 person-years to 10 per 100 000 person-years and is generally indistinguishable from the background rate in the overall population with diabetes. Data suggesting an increased risk of lactic acidosis in metformin-treated patients with chronic kidney disease are limited, and no randomized controlled trials have been conducted to test the safety of metformin in patients with significantly impaired kidney function. Population-based studies demonstrate that metformin may be prescribed counter to prevailing guidelines suggesting a renal risk in up to 1 in 4 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus—use which, in most reports, has not been associated with increased rates of lactic acidosis. Observational studies suggest a potential benefit from metformin on macrovascular outcomes, even in patients with prevalent renal contraindications for its use.Conclusions and Relevance Available evidence supports cautious expansion of metformin use in patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease, as defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate, with appropriate dosage reductions and careful follow-up of kidney function. |
Short Title | Metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Loren D. Knopper |
Author | Christopher A. Ollson |
Author | Lindsay C. McCallum |
Author | Melissa L. Whitfield Aslund |
Author | Robert G. Berger |
Author | Kathleen Souweine |
Author | Mary McDaniel |
URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4063257/ |
Volume | 2 |
Publication | Frontiers in Public Health |
ISSN | 2296-2565 |
Date | 2014-6-19 |
Extra | PMID: 24995266 PMCID: PMC4063257 |
Journal Abbr | Front Public Health |
DOI | 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00063 |
Accessed | 2014-12-23 16:24:35 |
Library Catalog | PubMed Central |
Abstract | The association between wind turbines and health effects is highly debated. Some argue that reported health effects are related to wind turbine operation [electromagnetic fields (EMF), shadow flicker, audible noise, low-frequency noise, infrasound]. Others suggest that when turbines are sited correctly, effects are more likely attributable to a number of subjective variables that result in an annoyed/stressed state. In this review, we provide a bibliographic-like summary and analysis of the science around this issue specifically in terms of noise (including audible, low-frequency noise, and infrasound), EMF, and shadow flicker. Now there are roughly 60 scientific peer-reviewed articles on this issue. The available scientific evidence suggests that EMF, shadow flicker, low-frequency noise, and infrasound from wind turbines are not likely to affect human health; some studies have found that audible noise from wind turbines can be annoying to some. Annoyance may be associated with some self-reported health effects (e.g., sleep disturbance) especially at sound pressure levels >40 dB(A). Because environmental noise above certain levels is a recognized factor in a number of health issues, siting restrictions have been implemented in many jurisdictions to limit noise exposure. These setbacks should help alleviate annoyance from noise. Subjective variables (attitudes and expectations) are also linked to annoyance and have the potential to facilitate other health complaints via the nocebo effect. Therefore, it is possible that a segment of the population may remain annoyed (or report other health impacts) even when noise limits are enforced. Based on the findings and scientific merit of the available studies, the weight of evidence suggests that when sited properly, wind turbines are not related to adverse health. Stemming from this review, we provide a number of recommended best practices for wind turbine development in the context of human health. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | W. Dilworth Cannon |
Author | William E. Garrett |
Author | Robert E. Hunter |
Author | Howard J. Sweeney |
Author | Donald G. Eckhoff |
Author | Gregg T. Nicandri |
Author | Mark R. Hutchinson |
Author | Donald D. Johnson |
Author | Leslie J. Bisson |
Author | Asheesh Bedi |
Author | James A. Hill |
Author | Jason L. Koh |
Author | Karl D. Reinig |
Volume | 96 |
Issue | 21 |
Pages | 1798-1806 |
Publication | The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume |
ISSN | 1535-1386 |
Date | Nov 5, 2014 |
Extra | PMID: 25378507 |
Journal Abbr | J Bone Joint Surg Am |
DOI | 10.2106/JBJS.N.00058 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Language | ENG |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of articles in the surgical literature demonstrating transfer validity (transfer of training). The purpose of this study was to assess whether skills learned on the ArthroSim virtual-reality arthroscopic knee simulator transferred to greater skill levels in the operating room. METHODS: Postgraduate year-3 orthopaedic residents were randomized into simulator-trained and control groups at seven academic institutions. The experimental group trained on the simulator, performing a knee diagnostic arthroscopy procedure to a predetermined proficiency level based on the average proficiency of five community-based orthopaedic surgeons performing the same procedure on the simulator. The residents in the control group continued their institution-specific orthopaedic education and training. Both groups then performed a diagnostic knee arthroscopy procedure on a live patient. Video recordings of the arthroscopic surgery were analyzed by five pairs of expert arthroscopic surgeons blinded to the identity of the residents. A proprietary global rating scale and a procedural checklist, which included visualization and probing scales, were used for rating. RESULTS: Forty-eight (89%) of the fifty-four postgraduate year-3 residents from seven academic institutions completed the study. The simulator-trained group averaged eleven hours of training on the simulator to reach proficiency. The simulator-trained group performed significantly better when rated according to our procedural checklist (p = 0.031), including probing skills (p = 0.016) but not visualization skills (p = 0.34), compared with the control group. The procedural checklist weighted probing skills double the weight of visualization skills. The global rating scale failed to reach significance (p = 0.061) because of one extreme outlier. The duration of the procedure was not significant. This lack of a significant difference seemed to be related to the fact that residents in the control group were less thorough, which shortened their time to completion of the arthroscopic procedure. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated transfer validity (transfer of training) that residents trained to proficiency on a high-fidelity realistic virtual-reality arthroscopic knee simulator showed a greater skill level in the operating room compared with the control group. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We believe that the results of our study will stimulate residency program directors to incorporate surgical simulation into the core curriculum of their residency programs. |
Short Title | Improving Residency Training in Arthroscopic Knee Surgery with Use of a Virtual-Reality Simulator |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Eugenia Yiannakopoulou |
Author | Nikolaos Nikiteas |
Author | Despina Perrea |
Author | Christos Tsigris |
Volume | 13C |
Pages | 60-64 |
Publication | International Journal of Surgery (London, England) |
ISSN | 1743-9159 |
Date | Nov 18, 2014 |
Extra | PMID: 25463761 |
Journal Abbr | Int J Surg |
DOI | 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.11.014 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Language | ENG |
Abstract | Virtual reality simulators provide basic skills training without supervision in a controlled environment, free of pressure of operating on patients. Skills obtained through virtual reality simulation training can be transferred on the operating room. However, relative evidence is limited with data available only for basic surgical skills and for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. No data exist on the effect of virtual reality simulation on performance on advanced surgical procedures. Evidence suggests that performance on virtual reality simulators reliably distinguishes experienced from novice surgeons Limited available data suggest that independent approach on virtual reality simulation training is not different from proctored approach. The effect of virtual reality simulators training on acquisition of basic surgical skills does not seem to be different from the effect the physical simulators. Limited data exist on the effect of virtual reality simulation training on the acquisition of visual spatial perception and stress coping skills. Undoubtedly, virtual reality simulation training provides an alternative means of improving performance in laparoscopic surgery. However, future research efforts should focus on the effect of virtual reality simulation on performance in the context of advanced surgical procedure, on standardization of training, on the possibility of synergistic effect of virtual reality simulation training combined with mental training, on personalized training. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Sacks FM |
Author | Carey VJ |
Author | Anderson CM |
Author | et al |
URL | http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.16658 |
Volume | 312 |
Issue | 23 |
Pages | 2531-2541 |
Publication | JAMA |
ISSN | 0098-7484 |
Date | December 17, 2014 |
Journal Abbr | JAMA |
DOI | 10.1001/jama.2014.16658 |
Accessed | 2014-12-21 13:10:12 |
Library Catalog | Silverchair |
Abstract | Importance Foods that have similar carbohydrate content can differ in the amount they raise blood glucose. The effects of this property, called the glycemic index, on risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes are not well understood.Objective To determine the effect of glycemic index and amount of total dietary carbohydrate on risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized crossover-controlled feeding trial conducted in research units in academic medical centers, in which 163 overweight adults (systolic blood pressure, 120-159 mm Hg) were given 4 complete diets that contained all of their meals, snacks, and calorie-containing beverages, each for 5 weeks, and completed at least 2 study diets. The first participant was enrolled April 1, 2008; the last participant finished December 22, 2010. For any pair of the 4 diets, there were 135 to 150 participants contributing at least 1 primary outcome measure.Interventions (1) A high–glycemic index (65% on the glucose scale), high-carbohydrate diet (58% energy); (2) a low–glycemic index (40%), high-carbohydrate diet; (3) a high–glycemic index, low-carbohydrate diet (40% energy); and (4) a low–glycemic index, low-carbohydrate diet. Each diet was based on a healthful DASH-type diet.Main Outcomes and Measures The 5 primary outcomes were insulin sensitivity, determined from the areas under the curves of glucose and insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test; levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides; and systolic blood pressure.Results At high dietary carbohydrate content, the low– compared with high–glycemic index level decreased insulin sensitivity from 8.9 to 7.1 units (−20%, P = .002); increased LDL cholesterol from 139 to 147 mg/dL (6%, P ≤ .001); and did not affect levels of HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, or blood pressure. At low carbohydrate content, the low– compared with high–glycemic index level did not affect the outcomes except for decreasing triglycerides from 91 to 86 mg/dL (−5%, P = .02). In the primary diet contrast, the low–glycemic index, low-carbohydrate diet, compared with the high–glycemic index, high-carbohydrate diet, did not affect insulin sensitivity, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol but did lower triglycerides from 111 to 86 mg/dL (−23%, P ≤ .001).Conclusions and Relevance In this 5-week controlled feeding study, diets with low glycemic index of dietary carbohydrate, compared with high glycemic index of dietary carbohydrate, did not result in improvements in insulin sensitivity, lipid levels, or systolic blood pressure. In the context of an overall DASH-type diet, using glycemic index to select specific foods may not improve cardiovascular risk factors or insulin resistance.Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00608049 |
Short Title | Effects of high vs low glycemic index of dietary carbohydrate on cardiovascular disease risk factors and insulin sensitivity |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Kevin Moran |
Volume | 21 |
Issue | 1 |
Pages | 47-53 |
Publication | International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion |
ISSN | 1745-7319 |
Date | 2014 |
Extra | PMID: 23297800 |
Journal Abbr | Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot |
DOI | 10.1080/17457300.2012.755207 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Language | eng |
Abstract | In high-income countries, death as a consequence of recreational jumping into water from height has not been well investigated partly because it traditionally has been a covert activity within youth culture. An observational study of video recordings posted on the YouTube web site was used to gather data on the nature of jumping activity in New Zealand and Australia. An analytical framework was developed to identify site- participant- social characteristics (10 variables) and online feedback (4 variables). Of the 389 videos recorded in New Zealand (n = 210) and Australia (n = 179), 929 jumpers were observed, and rivers were the most frequently reported site of jumping activity (New Zealand 47%; Australia 35%). One fifth (20%) of the jumps in New Zealand and one third (33%) in Australia were from heights estimated to be more than 12 m. The YouTube website portraying jumps from height were visited almost half a million times (495,686 hits). Ways of reducing recreational jumping risk via targeted education interventions may be best directed at young male adults. Use of social network sites to foster safe behaviours may be an effective way to educate young people of the inherent risks of jumping from height into water. |
Short Title | Jumping to (fatal) conclusions? |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Erin C. Westgate |
Author | Clayton Neighbors |
Author | Hannes Heppner |
Author | Susanna Jahn |
Author | Kristen P. Lindgren |
Volume | 75 |
Issue | 3 |
Pages | 390-398 |
Publication | Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs |
ISSN | 1938-4114 |
Date | May 2014 |
Extra | PMID: 24766750 PMCID: PMC4002853 |
Journal Abbr | J Stud Alcohol Drugs |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Language | eng |
Abstract | OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether self-reports of alcohol-related postings on Facebook by oneself or one's Facebook friends were related to common motives for drinking and were uniquely predictive of self-reported alcohol outcomes (alcohol consumption, problems, and cravings). METHOD: Pacific Northwest undergraduates completed a survey of alcohol outcomes, drinking motives, and alcohol-related Facebook postings. Participants completed the survey online as part of a larger study on alcohol use and cognitive associations. Participants were randomly selected through the university registrar's office and consisted of 1,106 undergraduates (449 men, 654 women, 2 transgender, 1 declined to answer) between the ages of 18 and 25 years (M = 20.40, SD = 1.60) at a large university in the Pacific Northwest. Seven participants were excluded from analyses because of missing or suspect data. RESULTS: Alcohol-related postings on Facebook were significantly correlated with social, enhancement, conformity, and coping motives for drinking (all ps < .001). After drinking motives were controlled for, self-alcohol-related postings independently and positively predicted the number of drinks per week, alcohol-related problems, risk of alcohol use disorders, and alcohol cravings (all ps < .001). In contrast, friends' alcohol-related postings only predicted the risk of alcohol use disorders (p < .05) and marginally predicted alcohol-related problems (p = .07). CONCLUSIONS: Posting alcohol-related content on social media platforms such as Facebook is associated with common motivations for drinking and is, in itself, a strong predictive indicator of drinking outcomes independent of drinking motives. Moreover, self-related posting activity appears to be more predictive than Facebook friends' activity. These findings suggest that social media platforms may be a useful target for future preventative and intervention efforts. |
Short Title | "I will take a shot for every 'like' I get on this status" |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Isabel Wiesinger |
Author | Gregor Scharf |
Author | Natascha Platz |
Author | Lena M. Dendl |
Author | Michael T. Pawlik |
Author | Christian Stroszczynski |
Author | Andreas G. Schreyer |
URL | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00330-014-3537-7 |
Pages | 1-6 |
Publication | European Radiology |
ISSN | 0938-7994, 1432-1084 |
Date | 2014/12/12 |
Journal Abbr | Eur Radiol |
DOI | 10.1007/s00330-014-3537-7 |
Accessed | 2014-12-16 13:19:22 |
Library Catalog | link.springer.com |
Language | en |
Abstract | Purpose To evaluate the clinical value and impact of radiological imaging in published medial case reports. Methods We analysed 671 consecutively published case reports of a peer-reviewed medical journal for case reports. The general use of radiological imaging as well as the specific imaging modality used in each case (ultrasound, x-ray, fluoroscopy, CT, MRI) was documented, and most importantly the ‘final problem solver’, i.e. the diagnostic modality giving the final clue to the patient's diagnosis, was identified. Results In 511 of 671 (76.1 %) analysed case reports at least one radiological modality was used in the diagnostic cascade. In 28.6 % of all cases the final diagnosis was achieved by radiological imaging. All other cases were solved by the patient's history and physical examination (15.2 %), histology (12.4 %), and blood analysis (9.6 %). When radiology was the ‘final problem solver’, it was mainly CT (51.6 %) and MRI (30.6 %). In 52.2 % of the case reports the radiological image was included in the article. Conclusion In case reports published in a prominent general medical journal radiological imaging is an important key player in the diagnostic process. In many cases, it is also the diagnostic tool which ultimately leads to determining the final diagnosis. Key Points • Radiology was the most important specialty for finding the final diagnosis. • CT was the most successful problem-solving imaging modality followed by MRI. • MRI and CT had the best solution rates of more than 30 %. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Chi J |
Author | Verghese A |
URL | http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.12820 |
Volume | 312 |
Issue | 22 |
Pages | 2331-2332 |
Publication | JAMA |
ISSN | 0098-7484 |
Date | December 10, 2014 |
Journal Abbr | JAMA |
DOI | 10.1001/jama.2014.12820 |
Accessed | 2014-12-16 09:53:56 |
Library Catalog | Silverchair |
Abstract | A common sight in the first 2 years of US medical education is that of a professor speaking in a lecture hall that is only half full. An hour later, in the library or elsewhere, students who did not attend the lecture can be seen wearing headsets, watching the recorded lecture at 2× to 4× speed on a desktop, while looking up reference material on their laptop. This trend should not be surprising, because the much-talked-about “millennial” generation has many distinguishing characteristics—but it is their facility with technology and their attitudes toward learning that stand out and that have changed the educational landscape. |
Short Title | Clinical education and the electronic health record |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Benjamin Long |
Author | Sue Ann Seah |
Author | Tom Carter |
Author | Sriram Subramanian |
URL | http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2661229.2661257 |
Volume | 33 |
Issue | 6 |
Pages | 181:1–181:10 |
Publication | ACM Trans. Graph. |
ISSN | 0730-0301 |
Date | November 2014 |
DOI | 10.1145/2661229.2661257 |
Accessed | 2014-12-11 11:07:45 |
Library Catalog | ACM Digital Library |
Abstract | We present a method for creating three-dimensional haptic shapes in mid-air using focused ultrasound. This approach applies the principles of acoustic radiation force, whereby the non-linear effects of sound produce forces on the skin which are strong enough to generate tactile sensations. This mid-air haptic feedback eliminates the need for any attachment of actuators or contact with physical devices. The user perceives a discernible haptic shape when the corresponding acoustic interference pattern is generated above a precisely controlled two-dimensional phased array of ultrasound transducers. In this paper, we outline our algorithm for controlling the volumetric distribution of the acoustic radiation force field in the form of a three-dimensional shape. We demonstrate how we create this acoustic radiation force field and how we interact with it. We then describe our implementation of the system and provide evidence from both visual and technical evaluations of its ability to render different shapes. We conclude with a subjective user evaluation to examine users' performance for different shapes. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Rosser JC |
Author | Jr |
Author | Lynch PJ |
Author | Cuddihy L |
Author | Gentile DA |
Author | Klonsky J |
Author | Merrell R |
URL | http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.142.2.181 |
Volume | 142 |
Issue | 2 |
Pages | 181-186 |
Publication | Archives of Surgery |
ISSN | 0004-0010 |
Date | February 1, 2007 |
Journal Abbr | Arch Surg |
DOI | 10.1001/archsurg.142.2.181 |
Accessed | 2014-12-03 09:01:55 |
Library Catalog | Silverchair |
Abstract | Background Video games have become extensively integrated into popular culture. Anecdotal observations of young surgeons suggest that video game play contributes to performance excellence in laparoscopic surgery. Training benefits for surgeons who play video games should be quantifiable.Hypothesis There is a potential link between video game play and laparoscopic surgical skill and suturing.Design Cross-sectional analysis of the performance of surgical residents and attending physicians participating in the Rosser Top Gun Laparoscopic Skills and Suturing Program (Top Gun). Three different video game exercises were performed, and surveys were completed to assess past experience with video games and current level of play, and each subject's level of surgical training, number of laparoscopic cases performed, and number of years in medical practice.Setting Academic medical center and surgical training program.Participants Thirty-three residents and attending physicians participating in Top Gun from May 10 to August 24, 2002.Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measures were compared between participants' laparoscopic skills and suturing capability, video game scores, and video game experience.Results Past video game play in excess of 3 h/wk correlated with 37% fewer errors (P<.02) and 27% faster completion (P<.03). Overall Top Gun score (time and errors) was 33% better (P<.005) for video game players and 42% better (P<.01) if they played more than 3 h/wk. Current video game players made 32% fewer errors (P=.04), performed 24% faster (P<.04), and scored 26% better overall (time and errors) (P<.005) than their nonplaying colleagues. When comparing demonstrated video gaming skills, those in the top tertile made 47% fewer errors, performed 39% faster, and scored 41% better (P<.001 for all) on the overall Top Gun score. Regression analysis also indicated that video game skill and past video game experience are significant predictors of demonstrated laparoscopic skills.Conclusions Video game skill correlates with laparoscopic surgical skills. Training curricula that include video games may help thin the technical interface between surgeons and screen-mediated applications, such as laparoscopic surgery. Video games may be a practical teaching tool to help train surgeons. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | M. B. Jalink |
Author | E. Heineman |
Author | J. P. E. N. Pierie |
Author | H. O. Ten Cate Hoedemaker |
Publication | Surgical Endoscopy |
ISSN | 1432-2218 |
Date | Nov 1, 2014 |
Extra | PMID: 25361658 |
Journal Abbr | Surg Endosc |
DOI | 10.1007/s00464-014-3943-6 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Language | ENG |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: It has previously been shown that short, pre-operative practice with a simulator, box trainer, or certain video games can temporarily improve one's basic laparoscopic skills; the so-called warm-up effect. In this experiment, we tested the hypothesis that Underground video game made for training basic laparoscopic skills, can also be used for a pre-operative warm-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 29 laparoscopic experts were randomized into two different groups, which were tested on two different days. Group 1 (n = 16) did a laparoscopic skill baseline measurement using the FLS peg transfer test and the Top Gun cobra rope drill on day 1, and did the same tests on day 2 after a 15 min session with the Underground game. Group 2 (n = 13) did the same, but started with the video game, followed by baseline measurement on day 2. This way, each participant served as its own control. Video recordings of both tasks were later analyzed by two blinded reviewers. RESULTS: On day 1, group 2 was 14.33 % (P = 0.037) faster in completing the peg transfer test. A trend toward better cobra rope scores is also seen. When comparing the average improvement between both days, group 1-which used the game as a warm-up on day 2-showed a 19.61 % improvement in cobra rope score, compared to a 0.77 % score decrease in group 2 (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the Underground video game can be used as a pre-operative warm-up in an experimental setting. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Vikranth R. Bejjanki |
Author | Ruyuan Zhang |
Author | Renjie Li |
Author | Alexandre Pouget |
Author | C. Shawn Green |
Author | Zhong-Lin Lu |
Author | Daphne Bavelier |
URL | http://www.pnas.org/content/111/47/16961 |
Volume | 111 |
Issue | 47 |
Pages | 16961-16966 |
Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
ISSN | 0027-8424, 1091-6490 |
Date | 11/25/2014 |
Extra | PMID: 25385590 |
Journal Abbr | PNAS |
DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1417056111 |
Accessed | 2014-12-03 08:57:13 |
Library Catalog | www.pnas.org |
Language | en |
Abstract | The field of perceptual learning has identified changes in perceptual templates as a powerful mechanism mediating the learning of statistical regularities in our environment. By measuring threshold-vs.-contrast curves using an orientation identification task under varying levels of external noise, the perceptual template model (PTM) allows one to disentangle various sources of signal-to-noise changes that can alter performance. We use the PTM approach to elucidate the mechanism that underlies the wide range of improvements noted after action video game play. We show that action video game players make use of improved perceptual templates compared with nonvideo game players, and we confirm a causal role for action video game play in inducing such improvements through a 50-h training study. Then, by adapting a recent neural model to this task, we demonstrate how such improved perceptual templates can arise from reweighting the connectivity between visual areas. Finally, we establish that action gamers do not enter the perceptual task with improved perceptual templates. Instead, although performance in action gamers is initially indistinguishable from that of nongamers, action gamers more rapidly learn the proper template as they experience the task. Taken together, our results establish for the first time to our knowledge the development of enhanced perceptual templates following action game play. Because such an improvement can facilitate the inference of the proper generative model for the task at hand, unlike perceptual learning that is quite specific, it thus elucidates a general learning mechanism that can account for the various behavioral benefits noted after action game play. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Troy H. Campbell |
Author | Aaron C. Kay |
Rights | (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved |
Volume | 107 |
Issue | 5 |
Pages | 809-824 |
Publication | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |
ISSN | 1939-1315(Electronic);0022-3514(Print) |
Date | 2014 |
DOI | 10.1037/a0037963 |
Library Catalog | APA PsycNET |
Abstract | There is often a curious distinction between what the scientific community and the general population believe to be true of dire scientific issues, and this skepticism tends to vary markedly across groups. For instance, in the case of climate change, Republicans (conservatives) are especially skeptical of the relevant science, particularly when they are compared with Democrats (liberals). What causes such radical group differences? We suggest, as have previous accounts, that this phenomenon is often motivated. However, the source of this motivation is not necessarily an aversion to the problem, per se, but an aversion to the solutions associated with the problem. This difference in underlying process holds important implications for understanding, predicting, and influencing motivated skepticism. In 4 studies, we tested this solution aversion explanation for why people are often so divided over evidence and why this divide often occurs so saliently across political party lines. Studies 1, 2, and 3—using correlational and experimental methodologies—demonstrated that Republicans’ increased skepticism toward environmental sciences may be partly attributable to a conflict between specific ideological values and the most popularly discussed environmental solutions. Study 4 found that, in a different domain (crime), those holding a more liberal ideology (support for gun control) also show skepticism motivated by solution aversion. |
Short Title | Solution aversion |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | M. A. Pleitez |
Author | O. Hertzberg |
Author | A. Bauer |
Author | M. Seeger |
Author | T. Lieblein |
Author | H. v Lilienfeld-Toal |
Author | W. Mäntele |
URL | http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2015/an/c4an01185f |
Publication | Analyst |
ISSN | 1364-5528 |
Date | 2014-11-19 |
Journal Abbr | Analyst |
DOI | 10.1039/C4AN01185F |
Accessed | 2014-11-29 16:29:52 |
Library Catalog | pubs.rsc.org |
Language | en |
Abstract | We present TIR-PTD spectroscopy, an IR-pump/VIS-probe method for the measurement of IR absorption spectra by means of photothermal deflectometry (PTD) enhanced by total internal reflection (TIR). It overcomes the limitations of IR spectroscopy for the study of opaque samples and allows molecular fingerprinting of IR-active liquids or solids. Another important advantage of the presented approach over traditional IR spectroscopy methods is the ability to obtain IR information by means of VIS detection, which is generally much cheaper and easier to handle than IR detection. By application of mid-IR TIR-PTD spectroscopy on human skin in vivo, we are demonstrating the correlation between epidermal- and blood-glucose levels on a type 1 diabetic patient. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Bethany L. Turner |
Author | Amanda L. Thompson |
URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4091895/ |
Volume | 71 |
Issue | 8 |
Pages | 501-510 |
Publication | Nutrition reviews |
ISSN | 0029-6643 |
Date | 2013-8 |
Extra | PMID: 23865796 PMCID: PMC4091895 |
Journal Abbr | Nutr Rev |
DOI | 10.1111/nure.12039 |
Accessed | 2014-11-29 16:22:38 |
Library Catalog | PubMed Central |
Abstract | Evolutionary paradigms of human health and nutrition center on the evolutionary discordance or “mismatch” model whereby human bodies, reflecting adaptations established in the Paleolithic era, are ill-suited to modern industrialized diets resulting in rapidly increasing rates of chronic metabolic disease. Whereas this model remains useful, we argue that its utility in explaining the evolution of human dietary tendencies is limited. The assumption that human diets are mismatched to our evolved biology implies that they are instinctual or genetically determined and rooted in the Paleolithic. We review current research indicating that human eating habits are primarily learned through behavioral, social and physiological mechanisms starting in utero and extending throughout the life course. Those adaptations that appear to be strongly genetic likely reflect Neolithic, rather than Paleolithic, adaptations and are significantly influenced by human niche-constructing behavior. Incorporating a broader understanding of the evolved mechanisms by which humans learn and imprint eating habits and the reciprocal effects of those habits on physiology would provide useful tools for structuring more lasting nutrition interventions. |
Short Title | BEYOND THE PALEOLITHIC PRESCRIPTION |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | S. Boyd Eaton |
Author | Melvin Konner |
URL | http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM198501313120505 |
Volume | 312 |
Issue | 5 |
Pages | 283-289 |
Publication | New England Journal of Medicine |
ISSN | 0028-4793 |
Date | January 31, 1985 |
Extra | PMID: 2981409 |
DOI | 10.1056/NEJM198501313120505 |
Accessed | 2014-11-29 16:17:53 |
Library Catalog | Taylor and Francis+NEJM |
Abstract | HUMANITY has existed as a genus for about 2 million years, and our prehuman hominid ancestors, the australopithecines, appeared at least 4 million years ago (Table 1). This phase of evolutionary history made definitive contributions to our current genetic composition, partly in response to dietary influences at that time. The foods available to evolving hominids varied widely according to the paleontological period, geographical location, and seasonal conditions, so that our ancestral line maintained the versatility of the omnivore that typifies most primates. Natural selection has provided us with nutritional adaptability; however, human beings today are confronted with diet-related health problems . . . |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Michael J. Connor |
Author | Colleen Kraft |
Author | Aneesh K. Mehta |
Author | Jay B. Varkey |
Author | G. Marshall Lyon |
Author | Ian Crozier |
Author | Ute Ströher |
Author | Bruce S. Ribner |
Author | Harold A. Franch |
URL | http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/early/2014/11/13/ASN.2014111057 |
Pages | ASN.2014111057 |
Publication | Journal of the American Society of Nephrology |
ISSN | 1046-6673, 1533-3450 |
Date | 2014-11-14 |
Extra | PMID: 25398785 |
Journal Abbr | JASN |
DOI | 10.1681/ASN.2014111057 |
Accessed | 2014-11-25 12:10:19 |
Library Catalog | jasn.asnjournals.org |
Language | en |
Abstract | AKI has been observed in cases of Ebola virus disease. We describe the protocol for the first known successful delivery of RRT with subsequent renal recovery in a patient with Ebola virus disease treated at Emory University Hospital, in Atlanta, Georgia. Providing RRT in Ebola virus disease is complex and requires meticulous attention to safety for the patient, healthcare workers, and the community. We specifically describe measures to decrease the risk of transmission of Ebola virus disease and report pilot data demonstrating no detectable Ebola virus genetic material in the spent RRT effluent waste. This article also proposes clinical practice guidelines for acute RRT in Ebola virus disease. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Brian J. Wainger |
Author | Elizabeth D. Buttermore |
Author | Julia T. Oliveira |
Author | Cassidy Mellin |
Author | Seungkyu Lee |
Author | Wardiya Afshar Saber |
Author | Amy J. Wang |
Author | Justin K. Ichida |
Author | Isaac M. Chiu |
Author | Lee Barrett |
Author | Eric A. Huebner |
Author | Canan Bilgin |
Author | Naomi Tsujimoto |
Author | Christian Brenneis |
Author | Kush Kapur |
Author | Lee L. Rubin |
Author | Kevin Eggan |
Author | Clifford J. Woolf |
URL | http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nn.3886.html |
Rights | © 2014 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. |
Volume | advance online publication |
Publication | Nature Neuroscience |
ISSN | 1097-6256 |
Date | November 24, 2014 |
Journal Abbr | Nat Neurosci |
DOI | 10.1038/nn.3886 |
Accessed | 2014-11-25 11:56:03 |
Library Catalog | www.nature.com |
Language | en |
Abstract | Reprogramming somatic cells from one cell fate to another can generate specific neurons suitable for disease modeling. To maximize the utility of patient-derived neurons, they must model not only disease-relevant cell classes, but also the diversity of neuronal subtypes found in vivo and the pathophysiological changes that underlie specific clinical diseases. We identified five transcription factors that reprogram mouse and human fibroblasts into noxious stimulus–detecting (nociceptor) neurons. These recapitulated the expression of quintessential nociceptor-specific functional receptors and channels found in adult mouse nociceptor neurons, as well as native subtype diversity. Moreover, the derived nociceptor neurons exhibited TrpV1 sensitization to the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 and the chemotherapeutic drug oxaliplatin, modeling the inherent mechanisms underlying inflammatory pain hypersensitivity and painful chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. Using fibroblasts from patients with familial dysautonomia (hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III), we found that the technique was able to reveal previously unknown aspects of human disease phenotypes in vitro. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Sonya J. Snedecor |
Author | Lavanya Sudharshan |
Author | Joseph C. Cappelleri |
Author | Alesia Sadosky |
Author | Sonam Mehta |
Author | Marc Botteman |
Volume | 14 |
Issue | 2 |
Pages | 167-184 |
Publication | Pain Practice: The Official Journal of World Institute of Pain |
ISSN | 1533-2500 |
Date | Feb 2014 |
Extra | PMID: 23534696 |
Journal Abbr | Pain Pract |
DOI | 10.1111/papr.12054 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Language | eng |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (pDPN) is prevalent among persons with diabetes and increases over time. Published guidelines recommend a number of medications to treat this condition providing clinicians with a variety of treatment options. This study provides a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of published pharmacologic therapies for pDPN. METHODS: The published literature was systematically searched to identify randomized, controlled trials of all available pharmacologic treatments for pDPN (recommended or nonrecommended) reporting predefined efficacy and safety outcomes. Bayesian fixed-effect mixed treatment comparison methods were used to assess relative therapeutic efficacy and harms. RESULTS: Data from 58 studies including 29 interventions and 11,883 patients were analyzed. Pain reduction over that of placebo on the 11-point numeric rating scale ranged from -3.29 for sodium valproate (95% credible interval [CrI] = [-4.21, -2.36]) to 1.67 for Sativex (-0.47, 0.60). Estimates for most treatments were clustered between 0 and -1.5 and were associated with more study data and smaller CrIs. Pregabalin (≥ 300 mg/day) was the most effective on the 100-point visual analog scale (-21.88; [-27.06, -16.68]); topiramate was the least (-3.09; [-3.99, -2.18]). Relative risks (RRs) of 30% pain reduction ranged from 0.78 (Sativex) to 1.84 (lidocaine 5% plaster). Analysis of the RR ratio of these 2 treatments reveals marginal significance for Sativex (3.27; [1.07, 9.81]), indicating the best treatment is only slightly better than the worst. Relative risks of 50% pain reduction ranged from 0.98 (0.56, 1.52) (amitriptyline) to 2.25 (1.51, 3.00) (alpha-lipoic acid). RR ratio for these treatments was not statistically different (3.39; [0.88, 3.34]). Fluoxetine had the lowest risk of adverse events (0.94; [0.62, 1.23]); oxycodone had the highest (1.55; [1.45, 1.64]). Discontinuation RRs were clustered around 0.8 to 1.5, with those on the extreme having greater uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS: Selecting an appropriate pDPN therapy is key given the large number of available treatments. Comparative results revealed relative equivalence among many of the studied interventions having the largest overall sample sizes and highlight the importance of standardization of methods to effectively assess pain. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas |
Author | Antony J. Bayer |
Author | Mark Kelly |
Author | Andrej Zeyfang |
Author | Mikel Izquierdo |
Author | Olga Laosa |
Author | Timothy C. Hardman |
Author | Alan J. Sinclair |
Author | Severina Moreira |
Author | Justin Cook |
Author | MID-Frail Consortium |
Volume | 15 |
Pages | 34 |
Publication | Trials |
ISSN | 1745-6215 |
Date | 2014 |
Extra | PMID: 24456998 PMCID: PMC3917538 |
Journal Abbr | Trials |
DOI | 10.1186/1745-6215-15-34 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Language | eng |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: Diabetes, a highly prevalent, chronic disease, is associated with increasing frailty and functional decline in older people, with concomitant personal, social, and public health implications. We describe the rationale and methods of the multi-modal intervention in diabetes in frailty (MID-Frail) study. METHODS/DESIGN: The MID-Frail study is an open, randomised, multicentre study, with random allocation by clusters (each trial site) to a usual care group or an intervention group. A total of 1,718 subjects will be randomised with each site enrolling on average 14 or 15 subjects. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate, in comparison with usual clinical practice, the effectiveness of a multi-modal intervention (specific clinical targets, education, diet, and resistance training exercise) in frail and pre-frail subjects aged ≥70 years with type 2 diabetes in terms of the difference in function 2 years post-randomisation. Difference in function will be measured by changes in a summary ordinal score on the short physical performance battery (SPPB) of at least one point. Secondary outcomes include daily activities, economic evaluation, and quality of life. DISCUSSION: The MID-Frail study will provide evidence on the clinical, functional, social, and economic impact of a multi-modal approach in frail and pre-frail older people with type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01654341. |
Short Title | An evaluation of the effectiveness of a multi-modal intervention in frail and pre-frail older people with type 2 diabetes--the MID-Frail study |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas |
Author | Antony J. Bayer |
Author | Mark Kelly |
Author | Andrej Zeyfang |
Author | Mikel Izquierdo |
Author | Olga Laosa |
Author | Timothy C. Hardman |
Author | Alan J. Sinclair |
Author | Severina Moreira |
Author | Justin Cook |
Author | MID-Frail Consortium |
Volume | 15 |
Pages | 34 |
Publication | Trials |
ISSN | 1745-6215 |
Date | 2014 |
Extra | PMID: 24456998 PMCID: PMC3917538 |
Journal Abbr | Trials |
DOI | 10.1186/1745-6215-15-34 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Language | eng |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: Diabetes, a highly prevalent, chronic disease, is associated with increasing frailty and functional decline in older people, with concomitant personal, social, and public health implications. We describe the rationale and methods of the multi-modal intervention in diabetes in frailty (MID-Frail) study. METHODS/DESIGN: The MID-Frail study is an open, randomised, multicentre study, with random allocation by clusters (each trial site) to a usual care group or an intervention group. A total of 1,718 subjects will be randomised with each site enrolling on average 14 or 15 subjects. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate, in comparison with usual clinical practice, the effectiveness of a multi-modal intervention (specific clinical targets, education, diet, and resistance training exercise) in frail and pre-frail subjects aged ≥70 years with type 2 diabetes in terms of the difference in function 2 years post-randomisation. Difference in function will be measured by changes in a summary ordinal score on the short physical performance battery (SPPB) of at least one point. Secondary outcomes include daily activities, economic evaluation, and quality of life. DISCUSSION: The MID-Frail study will provide evidence on the clinical, functional, social, and economic impact of a multi-modal approach in frail and pre-frail older people with type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01654341. |
Short Title | An evaluation of the effectiveness of a multi-modal intervention in frail and pre-frail older people with type 2 diabetes--the MID-Frail study |