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"", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "0012", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "EW9WV8QI", "F368M632", "HDWFN5TV", "XVX8TKVM", "ZHMK3TGW" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/17237/items/ZT8M4ZKT" }, "dateAdded": "2009-06-27T22:16:39Z", "dateModified": "2011-04-17T20:58:00Z" } }, { "key": "I23ZSKJ7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "user", "id": 358, "name": "Trevor Owens", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/users/358/items/I23ZSKJ7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens/items/I23ZSKJ7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "creatorSummary": "Winsberg", "parsedDate": "2003-01-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "I23ZSKJ7", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Simulated Experiments: Methodology for a Virtual World", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eric", "lastName": "Winsberg" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Philosophy of Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 01, 2003", "volume": "70", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "105-125", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1086/367872", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/367872", "accessDate": "2009-10-05T01:59:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Simulated Experiments", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "University of Chicago", "callNumber": "0096", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "simulation as experiment" } ], "collections": [ 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"issue": "s1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "S442", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1086/392927", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/392927", "accessDate": "2009-10-05T02:00:00Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Simulations, Models, and Theories", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "University of Chicago", "callNumber": "0035", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HDWFN5TV", "XVX8TKVM" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-05T02:00:00Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-06T18:33:53Z" } }, { "key": "HUS7MS2R", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "user", "id": 358, "name": "Trevor Owens", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/users/358/items/HUS7MS2R", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens/items/HUS7MS2R", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "creatorSummary": "Winsberg", "parsedDate": "1999", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "HUS7MS2R", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Sanctioning Models: The Epistemology of Simulation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eric", "lastName": "Winsberg" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Science in Context", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1999", "volume": "12", "issue": "02", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "275-292", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1017/S0269889700003422", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://journals.cambridge.org.mutex.gmu.edu/action/search", "accessDate": "2009-10-05T01:42:30Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Sanctioning Models", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Cambridge Journals Online", "callNumber": "0061", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HDWFN5TV", "XVX8TKVM" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-05T01:42:30Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-06T18:33:52Z" } }, { "key": "2RJ7QGHF", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "user", "id": 358, "name": "Trevor Owens", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/users/358/items/2RJ7QGHF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens/items/2RJ7QGHF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "creatorSummary": "Weir and Baranowski", "parsedDate": "2008-10-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "2RJ7QGHF", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Simulating History to Understand International Politics", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kimberly", "lastName": "Weir" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Baranowski" } ], "abstractNote": "To understand world politics, one must appreciate the context in which international systems develop and operate. Pedagogy studies demonstrate that the more active students are in their learning, the more they learn. As such, using computer simulations can complement and enhance classroom instruction. CIVILIZATION is a computer simulation game that allows players to build a civilization, competing against other civilizations. As players manage resources to develop their civilizations, establish diplomatic relations with other civilizations, strengthen trade relations, and engage in military and peace alliances, they become immersed in a simulated international system. This article explores the value of using CIVILIZATION as an active learning approach to teach international relations, focusing on the many ways in which students can better understand and appreciate the defining concepts, as well as the complexities, of international politics through playing a computer game.", "publicationTitle": "Simulation & Gaming", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 10, 2008", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1046878108325442", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1177/1046878108325442", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://sag.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/1046878108325442v1", "accessDate": "2009-07-04T01:20:07Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Sage Journals Online", "callNumber": "0002", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "9XTNGXGZ", "XVX8TKVM" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-07-04T01:20:07Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-06T18:33:33Z" } }, { "key": "6K7VH67A", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "user", "id": 358, "name": "Trevor Owens", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/users/358/items/6K7VH67A", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens/items/6K7VH67A", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "creatorSummary": "Sismondo", "parsedDate": "1999", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "6K7VH67A", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Models, simulations, and their objects", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Sismondo" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Science in Context", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1999", "volume": "12", "issue": "02", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "247–260", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "0030", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HDWFN5TV", "XVX8TKVM" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-05T01:30:33Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-06T18:32:13Z" } }, { "key": "77IQNX84", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "user", "id": 358, "name": "Trevor Owens", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/users/358/items/77IQNX84", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens/items/77IQNX84", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "creatorSummary": "Nersessian", "parsedDate": "2006-12-01", "numChildren": 5 }, "data": { "key": "77IQNX84", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Model‐Based Reasoning in Distributed Cognitive Systems", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nancy J.", "lastName": "Nersessian" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Philosophy of Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 01, 2006", "volume": "73", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "699-709", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1086/518771", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/518771", "accessDate": "2009-10-05T01:59:55Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "University of Chicago", "callNumber": "0001", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*****" }, { "tag": "Philosophy" }, { "tag": "biomedical engineering" } ], "collections": [ "HDWFN5TV", "XVX8TKVM" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-05T01:59:55Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-06T18:30:28Z" } }, { "key": "NT9NV2TC", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "user", "id": 358, "name": "Trevor Owens", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/users/358/items/NT9NV2TC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens/items/NT9NV2TC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "creatorSummary": "Myers", "parsedDate": "2008-04-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "NT9NV2TC", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Molecular Embodiments and the Body-work of Modeling in Protein Crystallography", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Natasha", "lastName": "Myers" } ], "abstractNote": "Protein molecules, those objects of increasing interest and investment in post-genomics research, are complex, three-dimensional structures made up of thousands of atoms. Protein crystallographers build atomic-resolution models of proteins using the techniques of X-ray diffraction. This ethnographic study of protein crystallography shows that becoming an expert crystallographer, and so making sense of such intricate objects, requires researchers to draw on their bodies as a resource to learn about, work with, and communicate precise molecular configurations. Contemporary crystallographic modeling relies intensively on interactive computer graphics technology, and requires active and prolonged handling and manipulation of the model onscreen throughout the often arduous process of model-building. This paper builds on both ethnographic observations of contemporary protein crystallographers and historical accounts of early molecular modeling techniques to examine the body-work of crystallographic modeling, in particular the corporeal practices through which modelers learn the intricate structures of protein molecules. Ethnographic observations suggest that, in the process of building and manipulating protein models, crystallographers also sculpt embodied models alongside the digital renderings they craft onscreen. Crystallographic modeling at the computer interface is thus not only a means of producing representations of proteins; it is also a means of training novice crystallographers' bodies and imaginations. Protein crystallographers' molecular embodiments thus offer a site for posing a new range of questions for studies of the visual cultures and knowledge practices in the computer-mediated life sciences.", "publicationTitle": "Social Studies of Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 1, 2008", "volume": "38", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "163-199", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1177/0306312707082969", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://sss.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/38/2/163", "accessDate": "2009-10-05T00:35:54Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Sage Journals Online", "callNumber": "0012", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HDWFN5TV", "XVX8TKVM" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-05T00:35:54Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-06T18:30:23Z" } }, { "key": "J95VNEUA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "user", "id": 358, "name": "Trevor Owens", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/users/358/items/J95VNEUA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens/items/J95VNEUA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "creatorSummary": "Myers", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "J95VNEUA", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Animating Mechanism: Animation and the Propagation of Affect in the Lively Arts of Protein Modeling", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Myers" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Science Studies", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "19", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "6–30", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Animating Mechanism", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "0006", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HDWFN5TV", "XVX8TKVM" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-05T00:54:39Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-06T18:30:22Z" } }, { "key": "SDP3KZGK", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "user", "id": 358, "name": "Trevor Owens", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/users/358/items/SDP3KZGK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens/items/SDP3KZGK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "creatorSummary": "Loettgers", "parsedDate": "2007-03", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "SDP3KZGK", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Getting Abstract Mathematical Models in Touch with Nature", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Loettgers" } ], "abstractNote": "Argument This article focuses on the scientific practice of a specific class of models in neuroscience and biology that approach biological systems as computational or information processing systems. This specific approach to biological systems has a long tradition that started with the information discourse in the 1940s. Borrowing concepts, methods, and techniques from cybernetics, information theory, and physics, these models are situated at the interface of different scientific disciplines. This article examines in detail the Hopfield model, a model of the specific brain function of auto-associative memory that is situated at the interface of neuroscience, theoretical physics, and engineering. By drawing analogies to a model of disordered magnetic systems in physics, John Hopfield constructed a model that was able to mimic auto-associative memory. The model became an active field of research in theoretical physics and in engineering but not in neuroscience. According to neuroscientists, in the process of construction the model had lost touch with the biological system and the function that it was supposed to model. How did this happen? As will be shown, the process of constructing the model was guided by conceptualizing the biological organism as a computational, information-processing device. This construction process gained its own momentum that involved an interrelated development of a computational concept and a redescription of the biological system or phenomenon for bringing the computational concept to work. We will see how physicists and engineers tried to get models in touch with biological systems by constructing \"a synthetic model.\" [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]", "publicationTitle": "Science in Context", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 2007", "volume": "20", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "9", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "02698897", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "0002", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Engineering", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Information processing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Information systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mathematical models", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neurosciences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Scientists", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "HDWFN5TV", "XVX8TKVM" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-05T01:34:28Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-06T18:29:27Z" } }, { "key": "M4KMKVU2", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "user", "id": 358, "name": "Trevor Owens", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/users/358/items/M4KMKVU2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens/items/M4KMKVU2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "creatorSummary": "Liljeros et al.", "parsedDate": "2001-06-21", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "M4KMKVU2", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The web of human sexual contacts", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fredrik", "lastName": "Liljeros" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christofer R.", "lastName": "Edling" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luis A. Nunes", "lastName": "Amaral" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H. Eugene", "lastName": "Stanley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yvonne", "lastName": "Aberg" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 21, 2001", "volume": "411", "issue": "6840", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "907-908", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nature", "DOI": "10.1038/35082140", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35082140", "accessDate": "2009-10-12T02:09:58Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Nature", "callNumber": "0759", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XVX8TKVM", "Z5UIMCNM" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-12T02:09:58Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-06T18:29:22Z" } }, { "key": "4MVRDBUH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "user", "id": 358, "name": "Trevor Owens", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/users/358/items/4MVRDBUH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens/items/4MVRDBUH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "creatorSummary": "Lenhard", "parsedDate": "2006-12-01", "numChildren": 7 }, "data": { "key": "4MVRDBUH", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Surprised by a Nanowire: Simulation, Control, and Understanding", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Johannes", "lastName": "Lenhard" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Philosophy of Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 01, 2006", "volume": "73", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "605-616", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1086/518330", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/518330", "accessDate": "2009-10-05T01:59:43Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Surprised by a Nanowire", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "University of Chicago", "callNumber": "0005", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "material science" }, { "tag": "nanoscience" }, { "tag": "simulation as experiment" } ], "collections": [ "HDWFN5TV", "XVX8TKVM" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-05T01:59:43Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-06T18:29:14Z" } }, { "key": "TFNCJSB6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "user", "id": 358, "name": "Trevor Owens", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/users/358/items/TFNCJSB6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tjowens/items/TFNCJSB6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "creatorSummary": "Landman et al.", "parsedDate": "1990-04-27", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "TFNCJSB6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Atomistic Mechanisms and Dynamics of Adhesion, Nanoindentation, and Fracture", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Uzi", "lastName": "Landman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. D.", "lastName": "Luedtke" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nancy A.", "lastName": "Burnham" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard J.", "lastName": "Colton" } ], "abstractNote": "Molecular dynamics simulations and atomic force microscopy are used to investigate the atomistic mechanisms of adhesion, contact formation, nanoindentation, separation, and fracture that occur when a nickel tip interacts with a gold surface. The theoretically predicted and experimentally measured hysteresis in the force versus tip-to-sample distance relationship, found upon approach and subsequent separation of the tip from the sample, is related to inelastic deformation of the sample surface characterized by adhesion of gold atoms to the nickel tip and formation of a connective neck of atoms. At small tipsample distances, mechanical instability causes the tip and surface to jump-to-contact, which in turn leads to adhesion-induced wetting of the nickel tip by gold atoms. 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