Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Ashley Mears |
URL | https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231193027 |
Volume | 9 |
Issue | 3 |
Pages | 20563051231193027 |
Publication | Social Media + Society |
ISSN | 2056-3051 |
Date | 2023-07-01 |
Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd |
DOI | 10.1177/20563051231193027 |
Accessed | 2024-03-21 07:14:44 |
Library Catalog | SAGE Journals |
Language | en |
Abstract | Attention is a valuable and scarce resource in the online “attention economy.” But not all attention is equally valuable. This article advances a relational theory of the value of attention by situating social media content production as a field. I draw from an ethnography of a “content farm” and interviews with 60 creators who make highly-paid but low-status entertainment videos designed to go viral on Facebook, as well as on SnapChat, TikTok, and YouTube. I propose an inverse relationship between status and reach: higher reach may pose risks to a creator’s status and reputation. Furthermore, in pursuit of the highest possible reach, viral creators construct situational authenticity, rather than personal authenticity, and they relate to their audiences antagonistically, in contrast to existing studies of influencers. How creators seek attention, from whom, and with what conversion strategies, I argue, depends upon their location in a cultural field because online audiences exist in a hierarchy of perceived social worth. |
Short Title | Bringing Bourdieu to a Content Farm |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Meng Liang |
URL | https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437221077168 |
Volume | 44 |
Issue | 6 |
Pages | 1110-1131 |
Publication | Media, Culture & Society |
ISSN | 0163-4437 |
Date | 2022-09-01 |
Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd |
DOI | 10.1177/01634437221077168 |
Accessed | 2024-03-21 07:06:35 |
Library Catalog | SAGE Journals |
Language | en |
Abstract | Douyin, which is also known as the Chinese version of Tiktok, is currently the most valuable digital advertisement platform in China. One of the most significant features of this short-video platform is the heavy reliance on algorithmic production and distribution of media. In this emergent configuration, algorithms and data shape the production and circulation of media beyond social networks. Such a system develops by meshing grassroots and professionally generated content, leading to the audience engaging in the production of commercial content for profit. My essay explores the political context and economic logic that underpins these developments. It draws specifically on official reports from Douyin, as well as interviews with users, including individual users and Multiple Channel Network (MCN) employees. This essay proposes the idea of the ‘data attraction model’ based on the investigation of the emergence of new forms of algorithmic production and distribution. It argues that the data attraction model is characterised by an extreme logic of flexible accumulation, which is radically transforming the content production of participatory media in China |
Short Title | The end of social media? |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Carlos Toxtli |
Author | Siddharth Suri |
Author | Saiph Savage |
URL | https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3476060 |
Volume | 5 |
Issue | CSCW2 |
Pages | 319:1–319:26 |
Publication | Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |
Date | October 18, 2021 |
Journal Abbr | Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. |
DOI | 10.1145/3476060 |
Accessed | 2024-03-15 04:01:32 |
Library Catalog | ACM Digital Library |
Abstract | Crowdsourcing markets provide workers with a centralized place to find paid work. What may not be obvious at first glance is that, in addition to the work they do for pay, crowd workers also have to shoulder a variety of unpaid invisible labor in these markets, which ultimately reduces workers' hourly wages. Invisible labor includes finding good tasks, messaging requesters, or managing payments. However, we currently know little about how much time crowd workers actually spend on invisible labor or how much it costs them economically. To ensure a fair and equitable future for crowd work, we need to be certain that workers are being paid fairly for all of the work they do. In this paper, we conduct a field study to quantify the invisible labor in crowd work. We build a plugin to record the amount of time that 100 workers on Amazon Mechanical Turk dedicate to invisible labor while completing 40,903 tasks. If we ignore the time workers spent on invisible labor, workers' median hourly wage was $3.76. But, we estimated that crowd workers in our study spent 33% of their time daily on invisible labor, dropping their median hourly wage to $2.83. We found that the invisible labor differentially impacts workers depending on their skill level and workers' demographics. The invisible labor category that took the most time and that was also the most common revolved around workers having to manage their payments. The second most time-consuming invisible labor category involved hyper-vigilance, where workers vigilantly watched over requesters' profiles for newly posted work or vigilantly searched for labor. We hope that through our paper, the invisible labor in crowdsourcing becomes more visible, and our results help to reveal the larger implications of the continuing invisibility of labor in crowdsourcing. |
Item Type | Conference Paper |
---|---|
Author | Saiph Savage |
URL | https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3616855.3637633 |
Series | WSDM '24 |
Place | New York, NY, USA |
Publisher | Association for Computing Machinery |
Pages | 6–7 |
ISBN | 9798400703713 |
Date | March 4, 2024 |
DOI | 10.1145/3616855.3637633 |
Accessed | 2024-03-14 |
Library Catalog | ACM Digital Library |
Abstract | Collective action by gig knowledge workers is a potent method for enhancing labor conditions on platforms like Upwork, Amazon Mechanical Turk, and Toloka. However, this type of collective action is still rare today. Existing systems for supporting collective action are inadequate for workers to identify and understand their different workplace problems, plan effective solutions, and put the solutions into action. This talk will discuss how with my research lab we are creating worker-centric AI enhanced technologies that enable collective action among gig knowledge workers. Building solid AI enhanced technologies to enable gig worker collective action will pave the way for a fair and ethical gig economy-one with fair wages, humane working conditions, and increased job security. I will discuss how my proposed approach involves first integrating ''sousveillance,'' a concept by Foucault, into the technologies. Sousveillance involves individuals or groups using surveillance tools to monitor and record those in positions of power. In this case, the technologies enable gig workers to monitor their workplace and their algorithmic bosses, giving them access to their own workplace data for the first time. This facilitates the first stage of collective action: problem identification. I will then discuss how we combine this data with Large-Language-Models (LLMs) and social theories to create intelligent assistants that guide workers to complete collective action via sensemaking and solution implementation. The talk will present a set of case studies to showcase this vision of designing data driven AI technologies to power gig worker collective action. In particular, I will present the systems: 1) GigSousveillance which allows workers to monitor and collect their own job-related data, facilitating quantification of workplace problems; 2) GigSense equips workers with an AI assistant that facilitates sensemaking of their work problems, helping workers to strategically devise solutions to their challenges; 3) GigAction is an AI assistant that guides workers to implement their proposed solutions. I will discuss how we are designing and implementing these systems by adopting a participatory design approach with workers, while also conducting experiments and longitudinal deployments in the real world. I conclude by presenting a research agenda for transforming and rethinking the role of A.I. in our workplaces; and researching effective socio-technical solutions in favor of a worker-centric future and countering techno-authoritarianism. |
Proceedings Title | Proceedings of the 17th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining |
Item Type | Web Page |
---|---|
Author | Hussein Dia |
URL | http://theconversation.com/australia-finally-has-an-electric-vehicle-strategy-how-does-it-stack-up-203897 |
Date | 2023-04-19 |
Accessed | 2024-03-05 02:32:01 |
Language | en-US |
Abstract | The strategy is long overdue but falls short of meeting the urgent need to accelerate the uptake of electric vehicles. |
Website Title | The Conversation |
Item Type | Web Page |
---|---|
Author | Robert N. Charette |
URL | https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-ev-transition-explained-2659316104 |
Date | 28 Jan 2023 |
Accessed | 2024-03-05 02:29:53 |
Language | en |
Abstract | Unless people change their behaviors, we won't hit 2050 net zero emissions targets |
Website Title | IEEE Spectrum |
Item Type | Report |
---|---|
Author | Town of Victoria Park |
URL | https://www.victoriapark.wa.gov.au/about/strategic-direction/strategic-programs/integrated-transport-strategy |
Date | 2022 |
Item Type | Report |
---|---|
Author | Town of Victoria Park |
URL | https://www.victoriapark.wa.gov.au/council-meetings/ordinary-council-meeting/20-july-2021/825/documents/2-climate-emergency-plan-final.pdf |
Date | 2021 |
Item Type | Web Page |
---|---|
Author | Kimberly Nicholas |
URL | http://theconversation.com/12-best-ways-to-get-cars-out-of-cities-ranked-by-new-research-180642 |
Date | 2022-04-14 |
Accessed | 2024-03-01 04:53:47 |
Language | en-US |
Abstract | A new study finds congestion charging and creating car-free streets and separated bike lanes have been most effective at reducing car use in European cities. |
Website Title | The Conversation |
Item Type | Web Page |
---|---|
Author | ptc |
URL | https://www.ptcconsultants.co/construction-costs-car-parks-2017/ |
Date | 2023-01-20T03:00:52+00:00 |
Accessed | 2024-03-01 04:47:44 |
Language | en |
Abstract | Find out the average car park construction costs in Australian capital cities. Including costs by type of structure. |
Website Title | Wayfinding Blog |
Short Title | Car Park Costs – how much did you say? |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Christopher G. Hoehne |
Author | Mikhail V. Chester |
Author | David J. Sailor |
Author | David A. King |
URL | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23789689.2020.1773013 |
Volume | 7 |
Issue | 4 |
Pages | 272-290 |
Publication | Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure |
ISSN | 2378-9689, 2378-9697 |
Date | 2022-07-04 |
Journal Abbr | Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure |
DOI | 10.1080/23789689.2020.1773013 |
Accessed | 2024-03-01 04:33:36 |
Library Catalog | DOI.org (Crossref) |
Language | en |
Short Title | Urban Heat Implications from Parking, Roads, and Cars |
Item Type | Web Page |
---|---|
Author | Christian Brand |
URL | http://theconversation.com/cycling-is-ten-times-more-important-than-electric-cars-for-reaching-net-zero-cities-157163 |
Date | 2021-03-29 |
Accessed | 2024-03-01 04:25:35 |
Language | en-US |
Abstract | Active travel can help tackle the climate crisis earlier than electric vehicles – even if you swap the car for a bike for just one trip a day. |
Website Title | The Conversation |
Item Type | Web Page |
---|---|
Author | Joshua Fechter |
URL | https://www.texastribune.org/2023/11/02/austin-minimum-parking-requirements-housing-shortage/ |
Date | 2023-11-02T19:05:45.535220+00:00 |
Accessed | 2024-03-01 04:13:52 |
Language | en |
Abstract | Affordable housing advocates, developers and climate activists say rules requiring a minimum amount of parking spaces on new projects drives up construction costs and enables a dependency on vehicles to get around town. |
Website Title | The Texas Tribune |
Item Type | Web Page |
---|---|
Author | Eric Betz |
URL | https://phys.org/news/2010-12-free-nationwide-high-environmental.html |
Date | 2010 |
Accessed | 2024-03-01 04:06:19 |
Language | en |
Abstract | Next time you're searching for a parking space and someone grabs a spot from right in front of you, it might seem like the last space left on Earth, but ponder this: there are at least 500 million empty spaces in the United States at any given time. |
Short Title | No such thing as free parking |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Devajyoti Deka |
URL | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856414001906 |
Volume | 69 |
Pages | 45-57 |
Publication | Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice |
ISSN | 0965-8564 |
Date | 2014-11-01 |
Journal Abbr | Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice |
DOI | 10.1016/j.tra.2014.08.010 |
Accessed | 2024-03-01 04:01:28 |
Library Catalog | ScienceDirect |
Abstract | Because of certain requirements under US federal law, many studies have been published in recent years on the role of fixed-route transit and paratransit in meeting the travel needs of persons with disabilities. Although persons with disabilities are several times more likely to take rides from household members than to take public transit, little research has been conducted to explore the circumstances under which such rides are given or taken. To address this gap in literature, this study examines the role of household members in transporting persons with disabilities in contemporary America. It explores how the circumstances for the ride takers may change in the future, identifies future challenges in providing mobility to persons with disabilities, and examines ways to meet those challenges. Using nationwide data from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey, the study compares the rides taken by persons with disabilities from household members with trips made by other travel modes, the persons who take rides with those who do not take rides, and the drivers who provide rides with those who do not provide rides. Probit models are used for the comparisons. Implications of the findings are discussed in light of potential demographic changes in the future, especially the growth of single-person households and the consequent loss of household support for transportation. Due to similarities in circumstances in other developed countries, an international context to the study is also provided. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Simon Darcy |
Author | Paul Francis Burke |
URL | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856416310205 |
Volume | 107 |
Pages | 229-245 |
Publication | Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice |
ISSN | 0965-8564 |
Date | 2018-01-01 |
Journal Abbr | Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice |
DOI | 10.1016/j.tra.2017.11.002 |
Accessed | 2024-03-01 03:52:07 |
Library Catalog | ScienceDirect |
Abstract | The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability (PWD) has been signed by over 160 nations to achieve greater social participation, with public and private transport clearly identified as an area to improve accessibility. Whilst the majority of scholarly work has focused on public transport needs, less research has examined the barriers or benefits of access to private modified vehicles for PWD. In this exploratory study, a Delphi technique with health experts, researchers, drivers and funding agencies developed an instrument to examine the barriers and benefits of access to private modified vehicles for PWD. An online survey was completed by 287 drivers and carers to report on barriers to private modified vehicles, whilst a sub-set of 190 drivers with access to a private modified vehicle reported on experientially derived benefits. A factor analytic approach identified how financial and informational barriers vary with respect to several characteristics including disability type and level of support needs. Factors relating to independence, social and recreational benefits are perceived as more valued experientially derived benefits relative to benefits relating to employability and ability to enjoy downtime. Benefits in the form of independence are greater among drivers and owners, those with an acquired condition, less complex mobility and everyday support needs, whilst little difference emerged in terms of the social and downtime benefits. The findings inform policy development and funding opportunities to provide insight and evidence into the barriers, but also benefits and variation in private transport needs among PWD. |
Short Title | On the road again |
Item Type | Web Page |
---|---|
Author | Kea Wilson |
URL | https://usa.streetsblog.org/2023/03/22/what-parking-reform-means-for-people-with-disabilities/ |
Date | 2023-03-22T04:01:43+00:00 |
Accessed | 2024-03-01 03:43:42 |
Language | en |
Abstract | Practically every day, there's a new headline about a new effort in a U.S. city to reform its autocentric parking policies — and practically every time Streetsblog covers it, we get an email that asks what people with disabilities will do in a world with no accessible parking at all. |
Website Title | Streetsblog USA |
Item Type | Book |
---|---|
Author | Aimi Hamraie |
Publisher | U of Minnesota Press |
ISBN | 9781452955568 |
Date | 2017-11-01 |
Extra | Google-Books-ID: 3Cl0DwAAQBAJ |
Library Catalog | Google Books |
Language | en |
Abstract | “All too often,” wrote disabled architect Ronald Mace, “designers don’t take the needs of disabled and elderly people into account.” Building Access investigates twentieth-century strategies for designing the world with disability in mind. Commonly understood in terms of curb cuts, automatic doors, Braille signs, and flexible kitchens, Universal Design purported to create a built environment for everyone, not only the average citizen. But who counts as “everyone,” Aimi Hamraie asks, and how can designers know? Blending technoscience studies and design history with critical disability, race, and feminist theories, Building Access interrogates the historical, cultural, and theoretical contexts for these questions, offering a groundbreaking critical history of Universal Design. Hamraie reveals that the twentieth-century shift from “design for the average” to “design for all” took place through liberal political, economic, and scientific structures concerned with defining the disabled user and designing in its name. Tracing the co-evolution of accessible design for disabled veterans, a radical disability maker movement, disability rights law, and strategies for diversifying the architecture profession, Hamraie shows that Universal Design was not just an approach to creating new products or spaces, but also a sustained, understated activist movement challenging dominant understandings of disability in architecture, medicine, and society.Illustrated with a wealth of rare archival materials, Building Access brings together scientific, social, and political histories in what is not only the pioneering critical account of Universal Design but also a deep engagement with the politics of knowing, making, and belonging in twentieth-century United States. |
Short Title | Building Access |
# of Pages | 443 |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Patrick Miner |
Author | Barbara M. Smith |
Author | Anant Jani |
Author | Geraldine McNeill |
Author | Alfred Gathorne-Hardy |
URL | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966692324000267 |
Volume | 115 |
Pages | 103817 |
Publication | Journal of Transport Geography |
ISSN | 0966-6923 |
Date | 2024-02-01 |
Journal Abbr | Journal of Transport Geography |
DOI | 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103817 |
Accessed | 2024-02-29 07:11:41 |
Library Catalog | ScienceDirect |
Abstract | Despite the widespread harm caused by cars and automobility, governments, corporations, and individuals continue to facilitate it by expanding roads, manufacturing larger vehicles, and subsidising parking, electric cars, and resource extraction. This literature review synthesises the negative consequences of automobility, or car harm, which we have grouped into four categories: violence, ill health, social injustice, and environmental damage. We find that, since their invention, cars and automobility have killed 60–80 million people and injured at least 2 billion. Currently, 1 in 34 deaths are caused by automobility. Cars have exacerbated social inequities and damaged ecosystems in every global region, including in remote car-free places. While some people benefit from automobility, nearly everyone—whether or not they drive—is harmed by it. Slowing automobility's violence and pollution will be impracticable without the replacement of policies that encourage car harm with policies that reduce it. To that end, the paper briefly summarises interventions that are ready for implementation. |
Short Title | Car harm |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Colm D. Walsh |
Author | Johan A. Elkink |
URL | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07907184.2021.1974717 |
Volume | 36 |
Issue | 4 |
Pages | 647-666 |
Publication | Irish Political Studies |
ISSN | 0790-7184, 1743-9078 |
Date | 2021-10-02 |
Journal Abbr | Irish Political Studies |
DOI | 10.1080/07907184.2021.1974717 |
Accessed | 2024-02-28 10:30:10 |
Library Catalog | DOI.org (Crossref) |
Language | en |
Short Title | The dissatisfied and the engaged |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Martin King |
Author | Rob Wilson |
URL | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540962.2022.2033462 |
Volume | 43 |
Issue | 1 |
Pages | 73-76 |
Publication | Public Money & Management |
ISSN | 0954-0962, 1467-9302 |
Date | 2023-01-02 |
Journal Abbr | Public Money & Management |
DOI | 10.1080/09540962.2022.2033462 |
Accessed | 2024-02-28 10:26:24 |
Library Catalog | DOI.org (Crossref) |
Language | en |
Short Title | Local government and democratic innovations |
Item Type | Blog Post |
---|---|
Author | Millennium Kids |
URL | https://www.millenniumkids.com.au/citizens-assembly/ |
Date | 2021-03-10 |
Accessed | 2024-02-28 10:26:01 |
Language | en-US |
Item Type | Blog Post |
---|---|
Author | Public Transport Users Association |
URL | https://www.ptua.org.au/myths/petroltax/ |
Date | 2022 |
Accessed | 2024-02-27 13:03:55 |
Language | en-AU |
Short Title | Myth |
Item Type | Conference Paper |
---|---|
Author | Graham Currie |
Author | Alexa Delbosc |
Author | Katerina Pavkova |
URL | https://www.monash.edu/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1515676/ATRF2018_Paper_8_Forced-Car-Ownership-in-Melbourne-.pdf |
Place | Darwin |
Date | 2018 |
Proceedings Title | Australasian Transport Research Forum |
Item Type | Report |
---|---|
Author | Serena E. Alexander |
Author | Ahoura Zandiatashbar |
Author | Branka Tatarevic |
URL | https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/mti_publications/427/ |
Date | 11/2022 |
Extra | DOI: 10.31979/mti.2022.2146 |
Accessed | 2024-02-27 12:55:14 |
Institution | Mineta Transportation Institute |
Library Catalog | DOI.org (Crossref) |
Abstract | Amid the rising climate change concerns, California enacted Senate Bill 375 (SB 375) to tackle transportation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. SB 375 requires Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) to develop a Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS), a regional transportation and land use vision plan, to reduce GHG emissions. Meanwhile, a local government can develop a Climate Action Plan (CAP), a non-binding, voluntary plan to reduce GHG emissions that may align with the regional SCS. Recent progress reports indicate California is not making sufficient progress to meet SB 375 emissions reduction targets, which raises important questions: (1) Are the transportation and land use strategies and targets in SCS plans reflected in the local plans to build sustainable communities? (2) Does the alignment of regional and local transportation and land use strategies mitigate GHG emissions through vehicle trip reduction? (3) How different are the effects of independent local action and alignment of local and regional actions on vehicle trip reduction? Through an in-depth content analysis of plans and policies developed by five MPOs and 20 municipalities and a quantitative analysis of the impact of local and regional strategy alignment on vehicle trip reduction over time, this study shows that the patterns of local and regional climate policy are diverse across the state, but poor alignment is not necessarily a sign of limited climate action at the local level. Cities with a long climate-planning history and the capacity to act innovatively can lead regional efforts or adopt their own independent approach. Nonetheless, there are clear patterns of common strategies in local and regional plans, such as active transportation strategies and planning for densification and land use diversity. Well-aligned regional and local level climate-friendly infrastructure appear to have the most significant impact on vehicle-trip reduction, on average a 7% decrease in vehicle trips. Yet, many local-level strategies alone, such as for goods movement, urban forest strategies, parking requirements, and education and outreach programs, are effective in vehicle-trip reduction. A major takeaway from this research is that although local and regional climate policy alignment can be essential for reducing vehicle trips, local action is equally important. |
Short Title | Fragmented or Aligned Climate Action |