Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | © Stanford Granovetter |
URL | https://sociology.stanford.edu/publications/threshold-models-collective-behavior |
Volume | 83 |
Issue | May |
Pages | 489-515 |
Publication | American Journal of Sociology |
Date | 1978 |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:26:21 |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Michael Suk-Young Chwe |
URL | http://restud.oxfordjournals.org/content/67/1/1 |
Volume | 67 |
Issue | 1 |
Pages | 1-16 |
Publication | The Review of Economic Studies |
ISSN | 0034-6527, 1467-937X |
Date | 01/01/2000 |
Journal Abbr | Review of Economic Studies |
DOI | 10.1111/1467-937X.00118 |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:25:48 |
Library Catalog | restud.oxfordjournals.org |
Language | en |
Abstract | I model people in a coordination game who use a communication network to tell each other their willingness to participate. The minimal sufficient networks for coordination can be interpreted as placing people into a hierarchy of social roles or “stages”: “initial adopters”, then “followers”, and so on down to “late adopters”. A communication network helps coordination in exactly two ways: by informing each stage about earlier stages, and by creating common knowledge within each stage. We then consider two examples: first we show that “low dimensional” networks can be better for coordination even though they have far fewer links than “high dimensional” networks; second we show that wide dispersion of “insurgents”, people predisposed toward participation, can be good for coordination but too much dispersion can be bad. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Mark Granovetter |
Author | Roland Soong |
URL | http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0022250X.1983.9989941 |
Volume | 9 |
Issue | 3 |
Pages | 165-179 |
Publication | The Journal of Mathematical Sociology |
ISSN | 0022-250X |
Date | November 1, 1983 |
DOI | 10.1080/0022250X.1983.9989941 |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:25:18 |
Library Catalog | Taylor and Francis+NEJM |
Item Type | Web Page |
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Author | © Stanford University |
Author | Stanford |
Author | California 94305 Copyright Complaints |
URL | https://sociology.stanford.edu/people/mgranovetter/documents/granthreshold.pdf |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:25:06 |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Duncan J. Watts |
URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC122850/ |
Volume | 99 |
Issue | 9 |
Pages | 5766-5771 |
Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
ISSN | 0027-8424 |
Date | 2002-4-30 |
Extra | PMID: 16578874 PMCID: PMC122850 |
Journal Abbr | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
DOI | 10.1073/pnas.082090499 |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:24:41 |
Library Catalog | PubMed Central |
Abstract | The origin of large but rare cascades that are triggered by small initial shocks is a phenomenon that manifests itself as diversely as cultural fads, collective action, the diffusion of norms and innovations, and cascading failures in infrastructure and organizational networks. This paper presents a possible explanation of this phenomenon in terms of a sparse, random network of interacting agents whose decisions are determined by the actions of their neighbors according to a simple threshold rule. Two regimes are identified in which the network is susceptible to very large cascades—herein called global cascades—that occur very rarely. When cascade propagation is limited by the connectivity of the network, a power law distribution of cascade sizes is observed, analogous to the cluster size distribution in standard percolation theory and avalanches in self-organized criticality. But when the network is highly connected, cascade propagation is limited instead by the local stability of the nodes themselves, and the size distribution of cascades is bimodal, implying a more extreme kind of instability that is correspondingly harder to anticipate. In the first regime, where the distribution of network neighbors is highly skewed, it is found that the most connected nodes are far more likely than average nodes to trigger cascades, but not in the second regime. Finally, it is shown that heterogeneity plays an ambiguous role in determining a system's stability: increasingly heterogeneous thresholds make the system more vulnerable to global cascades; but an increasingly heterogeneous degree distribution makes it less vulnerable. |
Item Type | Conference Paper |
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Author | Jaewon Yang |
Author | Jure Leskovec |
URL | http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1935826.1935863 |
Series | WSDM '11 |
Place | New York, NY, USA |
Publisher | ACM |
Pages | 177–186 |
ISBN | 978-1-4503-0493-1 |
Date | 2011 |
DOI | 10.1145/1935826.1935863 |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:23:54 |
Library Catalog | ACM Digital Library |
Abstract | Online content exhibits rich temporal dynamics, and diverse realtime user generated content further intensifies this process. However, temporal patterns by which online content grows and fades over time, and by which different pieces of content compete for attention remain largely unexplored. We study temporal patterns associated with online content and how the content's popularity grows and fades over time. The attention that content receives on the Web varies depending on many factors and occurs on very different time scales and at different resolutions. In order to uncover the temporal dynamics of online content we formulate a time series clustering problem using a similarity metric that is invariant to scaling and shifting. We develop the K-Spectral Centroid (K-SC) clustering algorithm that effectively finds cluster centroids with our similarity measure. By applying an adaptive wavelet-based incremental approach to clustering, we scale K-SC to large data sets. We demonstrate our approach on two massive datasets: a set of 580 million Tweets, and a set of 170 million blog posts and news media articles. We find that K-SC outperforms the K-means clustering algorithm in finding distinct shapes of time series. Our analysis shows that there are six main temporal shapes of attention of online content. We also present a simple model that reliably predicts the shape of attention by using information about only a small number of participants. Our analyses offer insight into common temporal patterns of the content on theWeb and broaden the understanding of the dynamics of human attention. |
Proceedings Title | Proceedings of the Fourth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | A. J. Morales |
Author | J. C. Losada |
Author | R. M. Benito |
URL | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037843711200386X |
Volume | 391 |
Issue | 21 |
Pages | 5244-5253 |
Publication | Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications |
ISSN | 0378-4371 |
Date | November 1, 2012 |
Journal Abbr | Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications |
DOI | 10.1016/j.physa.2012.05.015 |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:23:37 |
Library Catalog | ScienceDirect |
Abstract | Over the past years, new technologies and specially online social networks have penetrated into the world’s population at an accelerated pace. In this paper we analyze collected data from the web application Twitter, in order to describe the structure and dynamics of the emergent social networks, based on complexity science. We focused on a Venezuelan protest that took place exclusively by Twitter during December, 2010. We found a community structure with highly connected hubs and three different kinds of user behavior that determine the information flow dynamics. We noticed that even though online social networks appear to be a pure social environment, traditional media still holds loads of influence inside the network. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Hila Becker |
Author | Mor Naaman |
Author | Luis Gravano |
URL | http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:135415 |
Date | 2011 |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:23:15 |
Library Catalog | academiccommons.columbia.edu |
Abstract | User-contributed messages on social media sites such as Twitter have emerged as powerful, real-time means of information sharing on the Web. These short messages tend to reflect a variety of events in real time, earlier than other social media sites such as Flickr or YouTube, making Twitter particularly well suited as a source of real-time event content. In this paper, we explore approaches for analyzing the stream of Twitter messages to distinguish between messages about real-world events and non-event messages. Our approach relies on a rich family of aggregate statistics of topically similar message clusters, including temporal, social, topical, and Twitter-centric features. Our large-scale experiments over millions of Twitter messages show the effectiveness of our approach for surfacing real-world event content on Twitter. |
Short Title | Beyond Trending Topics |
Item Type | Conference Paper |
---|---|
Author | A Ganesh |
Author | L. Massoulie |
Author | D. Towsley |
Volume | 2 |
Pages | 1455-1466 vol. 2 |
Date | March 2005 |
DOI | 10.1109/INFCOM.2005.1498374 |
Library Catalog | IEEE Xplore |
Conference Name | Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2005. 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies |
Abstract | Many network phenomena are well modeled as spreads of epidemics through a network. Prominent examples include the spread of worms and email viruses, and, more generally, faults. Many types of information dissemination can also be modeled as spreads of epidemics. In this paper we address the question of what makes an epidemic either weak or potent. More precisely, we identify topological properties of the graph that determine the persistence of epidemics. In particular, we show that if the ratio of cure to infection rates is larger than the spectral radius of the graph, then the mean epidemic lifetime is of order log n, where n is the number of nodes. Conversely, if this ratio is smaller than a generalization of the isoperimetric constant of the graph, then the mean epidemic lifetime is of order ena, for a positive constant a. We apply these results to several network topologies including the hypercube, which is a representative connectivity graph for a distributed hash table, the complete graph, which is an important connectivity graph for BGP, and the power law graph, of which the AS-level Internet graph is a prime example. We also study the star topology and the Erdos-Renyi graph as their epidemic spreading behaviors determine the spreading behavior of power law graphs. |
Proceedings Title | Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2005. 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies |
Item Type | Conference Paper |
---|---|
Author | Eric Sun |
Author | Itamar Rosenn |
Author | Cameron A. Marlow |
Author | Thomas M. Lento |
URL | http://aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/09/paper/view/185 |
Rights | Authors who publish a paper in this conference agree to the following terms: 1. Author(s) agree to transfer their copyrights in their article/paper to the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), in order to deal with future requests for reprints, translations, anthologies, reproductions, excerpts, and other publications. This grant will include, without limitation, the entire copyright in the article/paper in all countries of the world, including all renewals, extensions, and reversions thereof, whether such rights current exist or hereafter come into effect, and also the exclusive right to create electronic versions of the article/paper, to the extent that such right is not subsumed under copyright. 2. The author(s) warrants that they are the sole author and owner of the copyright in the above article/paper, except for those portions shown to be in quotations; that the article/paper is original throughout; and that the undersigned right to make the grants set forth above is complete and unencumbered. 3. The author(s) agree that if anyone brings any claim or action alleging facts that, if true, constitute a breach of any of the foregoing warranties, the author(s) will hold harmless and indemnify AAAI, their grantees, their licensees, and their distributors against any liability, whether under judgment, decree, or compromise, and any legal fees and expenses arising out of that claim or actions, and the undersigned will cooperate fully in any defense AAAI may make to such claim or action. Moreover, the undersigned agrees to cooperate in any claim or other action seeking to protect or enforce any right the undersigned has granted to AAAI in the article/paper. If any such claim or action fails because of facts that constitute a breach of any of the foregoing warranties, the undersigned agrees to reimburse whomever brings such claim or action for expenses and attorneys’ fees incurred therein. 4. Author(s) retain all proprietary rights other than copyright (such as patent rights). 5. Author(s) may make personal reuse of all or portions of the above article/paper in other works of their own authorship. 6. Author(s) may reproduce, or have reproduced, their article/paper for the author’s personal use, or for company use provided that AAAI copyright and the source are indicated, and that the copies are not used in a way that implies AAAI endorsement of a product or service of an employer, and that the copies per se are not offered for sale. The foregoing right shall not permit the posting of the article/paper in electronic or digital form on any computer network, except by the author or the author’s employer, and then only on the author’s or the employer’s own web page or ftp site. Such web page or ftp site, in addition to the aforementioned requirements of this Paragraph, must provide an electronic reference or link back to the AAAI electronic server, and shall not post other AAAI copyrighted materials not of the author’s or the employer’s creation (including tables of contents with links to other papers) without AAAI’s written permission. 7. Author(s) may make limited distribution of all or portions of their article/paper prior to publication. 8. In the case of work performed under U.S. Government contract, AAAI grants the U.S. Government royalty-free permission to reproduce all or portions of the above article/paper, and to authorize others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. 9. In the event the above article/paper is not accepted and published by AAAI, or is withdrawn by the author(s) before acceptance by AAAI, this agreement becomes null and void. |
Date | 19/03/2009 |
Extra | Whether they are modeling bookmarking behavior in Flickr or cascades of failure in large networks, models of diffusion often start with the assumption that a few nodes start long chain reactions, resulting in large-scale cascades. While reasonable under some conditions, this assumption may not hold for social media networks, where user engagement is high and information may enter a system from multiple disconnected sources. Using a dataset of 262,985 Facebook Pages and their associated fans, this paper provides an empirical investigation of diffusion through a large social media network. Although Facebook diffusion chains are often extremely long (chains of up to 82 levels have been observed), they are not usually the result of a single chain-reaction event. Rather, these diffusion chains are typically started by a substantial number of users. Large clusters emerge when hundreds or even thousands of short diffusion chains merge together. This paper presents an analysis of these diffusion chains using zero-inflated negative binomial regressions. We show that after controlling for distribution effects, there is no meaningful evidence that a start node’s maximum diffusion chain length can be predicted with the user's demographics or Facebook usage characteristics (including the user's number of Facebook friends). This may provide insight into future research on public opinion formation. |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:21:51 |
Library Catalog | aaai.org |
Conference Name | Third International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media |
Language | en |
Abstract | Gesundheit! Modeling Contagion through Facebook News Feed |
Proceedings Title | Third International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media |
Item Type | Conference Paper |
---|---|
Author | David Kempe |
Author | Jon Kleinberg |
Author | Éva Tardos |
URL | http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/956750.956769 |
Series | KDD '03 |
Place | New York, NY, USA |
Publisher | ACM |
Pages | 137–146 |
ISBN | 1-58113-737-0 |
Date | 2003 |
DOI | 10.1145/956750.956769 |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:21:35 |
Library Catalog | ACM Digital Library |
Abstract | Models for the processes by which ideas and influence propagate through a social network have been studied in a number of domains, including the diffusion of medical and technological innovations, the sudden and widespread adoption of various strategies in game-theoretic settings, and the effects of "word of mouth" in the promotion of new products. Recently, motivated by the design of viral marketing strategies, Domingos and Richardson posed a fundamental algorithmic problem for such social network processes: if we can try to convince a subset of individuals to adopt a new product or innovation, and the goal is to trigger a large cascade of further adoptions, which set of individuals should we target?We consider this problem in several of the most widely studied models in social network analysis. The optimization problem of selecting the most influential nodes is NP-hard here, and we provide the first provable approximation guarantees for efficient algorithms. Using an analysis framework based on submodular functions, we show that a natural greedy strategy obtains a solution that is provably within 63% of optimal for several classes of models; our framework suggests a general approach for reasoning about the performance guarantees of algorithms for these types of influence problems in social networks.We also provide computational experiments on large collaboration networks, showing that in addition to their provable guarantees, our approximation algorithms significantly out-perform node-selection heuristics based on the well-studied notions of degree centrality and distance centrality from the field of social networks. |
Proceedings Title | Proceedings of the Ninth ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Javier Borge-Holthoefer |
Author | Alejandro Rivero |
Author | Yamir Moreno |
URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/1111.4181 |
Publication | arXiv:1111.4181 [physics] |
Date | 2011-11-17 |
Extra | arXiv: 1111.4181 |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:21:19 |
Library Catalog | arXiv.org |
Abstract | Social media have provided plentiful evidence of their capacity for information diffusion. Fads and rumors, but also social unrest and riots travel fast and affect large fractions of the population participating in online social networks (OSNs). This has spurred much research regarding the mechanisms that underlie social contagion, and also who (if any) can unleash system-wide information dissemination. Access to real data, both regarding topology --the network of friendships-- and dynamics --the actual way in which OSNs users interact--, is crucial to decipher how the former facilitates the latter's success, understood as efficiency in information spreading. With the quantitative analysis that stems from complex network theory, we discuss who (and why) has privileged spreading capabilities when it comes to information diffusion. This is done considering the evolution of an episode of political protest which took place in Spain, spanning one month in 2011. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Sandra González-Bailón |
Author | Javier Borge-Holthoefer |
Author | Alejandro Rivero |
Author | Yamir Moreno |
URL | http://www.nature.com/srep/2011/111215/srep00197/full/srep00197.html?message-global=remove |
Rights | © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved |
Volume | 1 |
Publication | Scientific Reports |
Date | December 15, 2011 |
Journal Abbr | Sci. Rep. |
DOI | 10.1038/srep00197 |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:20:59 |
Library Catalog | www.nature.com |
Language | en |
Abstract | The recent wave of mobilizations in the Arab world and across Western countries has generated much discussion on how digital media is connected to the diffusion of protests. We examine that connection using data from the surge of mobilizations that took place in Spain in May 2011. We study recruitment patterns in the Twitter network and find evidence of social influence and complex contagion. We identify the network position of early participants (i.e. the leaders of the recruitment process) and of the users who acted as seeds of message cascades (i.e. the spreaders of information). We find that early participants cannot be characterized by a typical topological position but spreaders tend to be more central in the network. These findings shed light on the connection between online networks, social contagion, and collective dynamics, and offer an empirical test to the recruitment mechanisms theorized in formal models of collective action. |
Item Type | Conference Paper |
---|---|
Author | Gizem Korkmaz |
Author | Chris J. Kuhlman |
Author | Achla Marathe |
Author | Madhav V. Marathe |
Author | Fernando Vega-Redondo |
URL | http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2615731.2615774 |
Series | AAMAS '14 |
Place | Richland, SC |
Publisher | International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems |
Pages | 253–260 |
ISBN | 978-1-4503-2738-1 |
Date | 2014 |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:19:05 |
Library Catalog | ACM Digital Library |
Abstract | We develop a dynamic game-theoretic model of informatio (contagion) propagation using Facebook-type of communication. The model accounts for information posted on a member's wall or timeline by her friends, which can be read by all friends. This communication facilitates coordination by creating common knowledge among users. We illustrate subtle features of the model, which generalize a host of influence-based contagion mechanisms, and prove characteristics of its dynamics. We show that a complete bipartite graph within a certain group of agents is a necessary and sufficient condition for common knowledge of relevant information to arise among that group's members. Finally, we illustrate the behavior of our model through simulation, and compare it to the classic diffusion model and Chwe's model of common knowledge, using a real Facebook network, a high school social network and a friendship network. |
Proceedings Title | Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-agent Systems |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Naren Ramakrishnan |
Author | Patrick Butler |
Author | Sathappan Muthiah |
Author | Nathan Self |
Author | Rupinder Khandpur |
Author | Parang Saraf |
Author | Wei Wang |
Author | Jose Cadena |
Author | Anil Vullikanti |
Author | Gizem Korkmaz |
Author | Chris Kuhlman |
Author | Achla Marathe |
Author | Liang Zhao |
Author | Ting Hua |
Author | Feng Chen |
Author | Chang-Tien Lu |
Author | Bert Huang |
Author | Aravind Srinivasan |
Author | Khoa Trinh |
Author | Lise Getoor |
Author | Graham Katz |
Author | Andy Doyle |
Author | Chris Ackermann |
Author | Ilya Zavorin |
Author | Jim Ford |
Author | Kristen Summers |
Author | Youssef Fayed |
Author | Jaime Arredondo |
Author | Dipak Gupta |
Author | David Mares |
URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/1402.7035 |
Publication | arXiv:1402.7035 [physics] |
Date | 2014-02-27 |
Extra | arXiv: 1402.7035 |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:18:48 |
Library Catalog | arXiv.org |
Abstract | We describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of EMBERS, an automated, 24x7 continuous system for forecasting civil unrest across 10 countries of Latin America using open source indicators such as tweets, news sources, blogs, economic indicators, and other data sources. Unlike retrospective studies, EMBERS has been making forecasts into the future since Nov 2012 which have been (and continue to be) evaluated by an independent T&E team (MITRE). Of note, EMBERS has successfully forecast the uptick and downtick of incidents during the June 2013 protests in Brazil. We outline the system architecture of EMBERS, individual models that leverage specific data sources, and a fusion and suppression engine that supports trading off specific evaluation criteria. EMBERS also provides an audit trail interface that enables the investigation of why specific predictions were made along with the data utilized for forecasting. Through numerous evaluations, we demonstrate the superiority of EMBERS over baserate methods and its capability to forecast significant societal happenings. |
Short Title | 'Beating the news' with EMBERS |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Anna C Nagel |
Author | Ming-Hsiang Tsou |
Author | Brian H Spitzberg |
Author | Li An |
Author | J Mark Gawron |
Author | Dipak K Gupta |
Author | Jiue-An Yang |
Author | Su Han |
Author | K Michael Peddecord |
Author | Suzanne Lindsay |
Author | Mark H Sawyer |
URL | http://www.jmir.org/2013/10/e237/ |
Volume | 15 |
Issue | 10 |
Pages | e237 |
Publication | Journal of Medical Internet Research |
ISSN | 14388871 |
Date | 2013-10-26 |
DOI | 10.2196/jmir.2705 |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:18:06 |
Library Catalog | CrossRef |
Language | en |
Short Title | The Complex Relationship of Realspace Events and Messages in Cyberspace |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Kathryn McAuliffe |
Author | K. Michael Peddecord |
Author | Wendy Wang |
Author | Kimberly Ralston |
Author | Michelle Deguire |
Author | Karen Waters-Montijo |
Author | Mark H. Sawyer |
Volume | 19 |
Issue | 2 |
Pages | 178-186 |
Publication | Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP |
ISSN | 1550-5022 |
Date | 2013 Mar-Apr |
Extra | PMID: 23358297 |
Journal Abbr | J Public Health Manag Pract |
DOI | 10.1097/PHH.0b013e318259e735 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Language | eng |
Abstract | CONTEXT: In 2008, about 40% of the US population eligible for influenza vaccine was vaccinated, which was below Healthy People 2020 goals. Little emphasis has been put on late-season vaccination efforts by medical providers. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate use of evidence-based practices (EBP) and their association with influenza vaccination for children younger than 5 years and adults aged 50 years and older. DESIGN: Patient surveys and medical clinic information were collected between January and April 2009. Influenza coverage rates and logistic regressions are used to measure associations. SETTING: Nineteen medical clinics serving children, adults, or both in San Diego County participated. PARTICIPANTS: Parents of children aged 6 months to 5 years and adults aged 50 years and over seen by a primary care provider during January through March 2009. MAIN OUTCOME: Influence of clinic EBP use on child and adult influenza vaccination status. MEASURES: Patient-reported influenza vaccination and clinic coverage rates and clinics' use of EBP and patient demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Coverage rates varied by clinic; 50% to 82% (children) and 48% to 85% (adults). Child clinics using the immunization registry, or those that were private practices or medical groups and adult clinics that used influenza vaccination clinics, provider prompts, or electronic medical records had higher coverage. Surveys from 831 children and 1038 adults documented influenza vaccination rates of 64% and 63% respectively. Receiving a reminder or having two or more visits during influenza season was positively associated with child and adult influenza vaccination. Child vaccination was associated with children younger than 2 years. Adult vaccination was associated adults aged 65 years or older, having a high-risk condition, or being female. CONCLUSIONS: Given the low use of EBP, clinics have opportunities to implement EBP appropriate for their settings and patient populations. Along with other strategies, public health departments and medical groups should encourage medical providers to implement EBP to improve influenza vaccination rates. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Mark H. Sawyer |
Author | K. Michael Peddecord |
Author | Wendy Wang |
Author | Michelle Deguire |
Author | Michelle Miskewitch-Dzulynsky |
Author | David D. Vuong |
Volume | 40 |
Issue | 7 |
Pages | 595-600 |
Publication | American Journal of Infection Control |
ISSN | 1527-3296 |
Date | Sep 2012 |
Extra | PMID: 22264558 |
Journal Abbr | Am J Infect Control |
DOI | 10.1016/j.ajic.2011.09.007 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Language | eng |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: A public health department-supported intervention to increase influenza immunization among hospital-based health care practitioners (HCPs) in San Diego County took place between 2005 and 2008. The study included all major hospitals in the county, with a population of approximately 3.5 million. METHODS: Information on hospital activities was collected from before, during and after initiative activities. Vaccination status and demographics were collected directly from HCP using hospital-based and random-dialed telephone surveys. RESULTS: Between 2006 and 2008, hospitals increased promotion activities and reported increases in vaccination rates. Based on the random-dialed surveys, HCP influenza vaccination coverage rates did not increase significantly. Vaccination rates were significantly higher in HCPs who reported that employers provided free vaccination and those who believed that their employers mandated influenza vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: This local public health initiative and concurrent state legislation were effective in increasing employer efforts to promote influenza vaccination; however, population-based surveys of HCPs did not show significant increases in influenza vaccination. Overall, this study suggests that public health leadership, intensive employer promotion activities, and state-required declinations alone were not sufficient to significantly increase HCP influenza vaccination. Policymakers and employers should consider mandates to achieve optimal influenza vaccination among HCPs. |
Short Title | A public health initiative to increase annual influenza immunization among hospital health care personnel |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | K. Michael Peddecord |
Author | Isabel Gomez Jacobson |
Author | Moshe Engelberg |
Author | Lisa Kwizera |
Author | Violet Macias |
Author | Kathleen W. Gustafson |
Volume | 13 |
Issue | 6 |
Pages | 596-613 |
Publication | Journal of Health Communication |
ISSN | 1081-0730 |
Date | Sep 2008 |
Extra | PMID: 18726815 |
Journal Abbr | J Health Commun |
DOI | 10.1080/10810730802285149 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Language | eng |
Abstract | As part of a multimedia campaign to promote annual influenza vaccination, three slides were shown as part of the slide show of advertisements prior to the beginning of previews in movie theaters in San Diego County. Intercept surveys were conducted following the movie. The primary target groups for the campaign were adults with children 6 months to 2 years of age and adults over 50 years of age. Overall, 88% of exposed patrons reported seeing some type of movie ad. Among those who recalled any ad, 24% recalled the flu advertisement. In contrast, recall of flu-related news coverage was high, with over 95% of exposed and comparison interviewees recalling news stories during the campaign period. While 56% of those interviewed remembered one or more specific flu-related news items, individuals within this group who also had also been exposed to the movie ads were not more likely to recall flu campaign advertisements. We describe a method for estimating valid recalls and cost per valid exposure. Further research that compares movie ads with public service announcements (PSAs) in other venues is necessary to solidify our conclusions that movie advertising is a highly cost-effective medium for health communication. |
Short Title | Can movie theater advertisements promote health behaviors? |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Benenson AS |
Author | Peddecord K |
Author | Hofherr LK |
Author | Ascher MS |
Author | Taylor RN |
Author | Hearn TL |
URL | http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1989.03430240071032 |
Volume | 262 |
Issue | 24 |
Pages | 3435-3438 |
Publication | JAMA |
ISSN | 0098-7484 |
Date | December 22, 1989 |
Journal Abbr | JAMA |
DOI | 10.1001/jama.1989.03430240071032 |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:16:10 |
Library Catalog | Silverchair |
Abstract | We conducted a pilot study of potential sources of incorrect laboratory reports of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 testing using blind proficiency testing. Sets of three serum samples, including one serum sample with negative reactions in antibody tests, one serum sample with positive reactions, and one that gave false-positive results with certain testing kits, were sent as routine patient specimens to testing laboratories. Half the laboratories reported the serum sample positive for human immunodeficiency virus antibodies as "indeterminate"; one laboratory rendered a final positive report without supplemental testing. On the report forms, the actual laboratory results were often obscured and intermingled with information, sometimes incorrect, such as identifying the agent as "HTLV-III" (human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III) and advising that a test with positive results is evidence of exposure to the virus. Many of these reports have the potential to confuse, rather than to enlighten, the requesting physician.(JAMA. 1989;262:3435-3438) |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Francisco Averhoff |
Author | Leslie Linton |
Author | K. Michael Peddecord |
Author | Christine Edwards |
Author | Wendy Wang |
Author | Daniel Fishbein |
URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1448376/ |
Volume | 94 |
Issue | 6 |
Pages | 978-984 |
Publication | American Journal of Public Health |
ISSN | 0090-0036 |
Date | 2004-6 |
Extra | PMID: 15249302 PMCID: PMC1448376 |
Journal Abbr | Am J Public Health |
Accessed | 2014-09-30 18:15:16 |
Library Catalog | PubMed Central |
Abstract | Objectives. This study assessed the effectiveness of a middle school vaccination requirement for raising second-dose measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine coverage among adolescents., Methods. Random-digit-dialed telephone surveys were conducted before (1998) and after (1999) the implementation of a vaccination requirement for entry into the seventh grade in San Diego, Calif., Results. Vaccination coverage was higher among children subject to the vaccination requirement (seventh-grade students; 60%) than among fifth- and sixth-grade students 1 year before the requirement (13%, P < .001), and 8th- through 12th-grade students not subject to the requirement (27%, P < .0001)., Conclusions. Middle school–entry vaccination requirements can rapidly and substantially raise vaccination coverage among students subject to the law. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | K. M. Peddecord |
Volume | 35 |
Issue | 4 |
Pages | 691-700 |
Publication | Clinical Chemistry |
ISSN | 0009-9147 |
Date | Apr 1989 |
Extra | PMID: 2702758 |
Journal Abbr | Clin. Chem. |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Language | eng |
Abstract | Clinical laboratories in the United States are subject to various regulatory and accreditation programs, which mandate a broad range of requirements regarding personnel, quality-control systems, and analytical proficiency standards. Reported here, for a cross-section of U.S. laboratories, is the degree of compliance with these regulatory requirements, some other laboratory characteristics, and their relation to analytical proficiency. The results suggest that those laboratory characteristics that predict highest proficiency-test performance differ for each laboratory specialty. Regression models are presented that explain from 12% to 35% of the variation in analytical performance and suggest that factors outside of those specified in the regulatory model and other characteristics measured in this research are important. Indeed, the current regulatory approach may not ensure highest performance. Also discussed are the current status, limitations, and prospects for change of the clinical laboratory regulatory system. |
Short Title | A regulatory model for clinical laboratories |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | K. M. Peddecord |
Author | E. A. Janon |
Author | J. M. Robins |
Volume | 4 |
Issue | 4 |
Pages | 573-591 |
Publication | International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care |
ISSN | 0266-4623 |
Date | 1988 |
Extra | PMID: 10303061 |
Journal Abbr | Int J Technol Assess Health Care |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Language | eng |
Abstract | Despite the importance of understanding factors related to physician adoption and use of diagnostic technologies, relatively few studies have been published. Results of a two-year study of the adoption of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its substitution for computed tomography scanning (CT) are presented. The literature on physician adoption and use of technology is used to provide a framework for this study. Differences in adoption and substitution among medical specialties, early versus late adopters, and high versus low users of MRI are examined. Results show that neurologists and internists more rapidly adopt MRI and substitute it for CT than do orthopedists and other surgical specialists. Referral of higher numbers of patients is the best predictor of more rapid substitution. Physicians who were late adopters more quickly substituted MRI for CT. The cost and social implications of empirical versus "ideal" substitution rates are discussed along with how various regulatory, technology assessment, and financial strategies influence substitution. The role of individual physicians, radiologists, and specialty societies in determining substitution rates is also discussed. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | K. M. Peddecord |
Author | R. L. Cada |
Volume | 73 |
Issue | 3 |
Pages | 380-385 |
Publication | American Journal of Clinical Pathology |
ISSN | 0002-9173 |
Date | Mar 1980 |
Extra | PMID: 7361716 |
Journal Abbr | Am. J. Clin. Pathol. |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Language | eng |
Abstract | This comparative analysis of clinical laboratories was intended to develop a more quantitative understanding of environmental, structural, and process variables and their relationships to the quality of laboratory services. The quality of laboratory services was defined as analytic capability demonstrated on proficiency-test specimens of the College of American Pathologists. Independent variables describing the laboratory environment, as well as structural and process aspects of management, were obtained from management reports, staffing records, and workload reports. Although correlations between the eight proficiency testing indices and the independent variables were generally low, a number of significant correlates were evident in three areas: bacteriology, parasitology, and qualitative hematology. Environmental variables describing organizational size were related to proficiency, as were variables dealing with accreditation by the College of American Pathologists and time accredited by the College of American Pathologists. The education and experience of personnel and the percentage of specialized supervisors were related to proficiency-testing success in bacteriology and parasitology. Empirical evidence suggests that the size of the laboratory indirectly affects proficiency in these three tested areas. Presumably, this relationship is mediated through specialization of work and reinforcement of learning. Few significant correlates were evident in the five remaining areas tested: chemistry, quantitative hematology, blood bank, immunology, and syphilis serology. Despite the concentration of personnel resources and other assets in larger laboratories, size appeared to have no effect on proficiency-testing performance in these five areas. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | K. M. Peddecord |
Author | W. T. Northey |
Author | D. H. Goodman |
Volume | 57 |
Issue | 1 |
Pages | 56-61 |
Publication | The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |
ISSN | 0091-6749 |
Date | Jan 1976 |
Extra | PMID: 1245682 |
Journal Abbr | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Language | eng |
Abstract | Five per cent (w/v) extracts of defatted Ambrosia elatior pollen were prepared in bicarbonate-buffered saline (Coca's extract) and Coca's extract with 50% glycerol (Gly-Coca's extract). Sterile extracts were stored in untreated glassware and glassware coated with silicone. Stock extracts were diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and stored at 5 +/- 3 degrees C. Extracts 1:20, 1:40, and 1:400 were assayed at approximately 6-wk intervals for antigen E. Quantitative determinations were made by modified double diffusion in agarose gels using known standards of antigen E for comparison. Results from the first year of this 3-yr study show no significant reduction in 1:20 Gly-Coca's extracts and a highly significant reduction of antigen E in 1:20 Coca's extracts. Further analysis of variance indicates significant reduction in all 1:40 and 1:400 extracts. Differences in the initial extracting solvents did not significantly affect these more dilute extracts. No significant differences were observed in the untreated and silicone-coated glassware. In terms of per cent antigen E reduction, 1:20 Gly-Coca's showed negligible reduction and Coco's at 1:20 declined nearly 50% in antigen E content. Extracts stored at 1:40 retained only 40% of the original antigen E content, while diluted extracts stored at 1:400 retained only 35% of the initial antigen E after 1 yr of storage at 5 +/- 3 degrees C. |