Item Type | Book Section |
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Author | Richard Edwards |
Author | Sarah Kirn |
Author | Thomas Hillman |
Author | Laure Kloetzer |
Author | Katherine Mathieson |
Author | Diarmuid McDonnell |
Author | Tina Phillips |
Editor | Susanne Hecker |
Editor | Muki Haklay |
Editor | Anne Bowser |
Editor | Zen Makuch |
Editor | Johannes Vogel |
Editor | Aletta Bonn |
URL | http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv550cf2.33 |
Series | Innovation in Open Science, Society and Policy |
Publisher | UCL Press |
Pages | 381-390 |
ISBN | 978-1-78735-235-3 |
Date | 2018 |
Abstract | Increased attention is focused on how to support and evaluate participation and learning through citizen science. The dimensions of science capital provide a new framework through which to consider participation and learning. The links between volunteers’ prior level of educational qualifications and disciplines studied, and the learning they report from contributing to citizen science are not uniform across projects. The levels and dimensions of volunteers’ engagement and learning do not always reflect the intentions of citizen science project designers. Inclusiveness and learning are two concepts underpinning the principles of citizen science put forward by the European Citizen Science Association (ECSA). |
Book Title | Citizen Science |
Archive | JSTOR |
Item Type | Conference Paper |
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Author | P.M. Frank |
Series | Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Systems Science. Plenary and Invited Papers. Systems Theory Identification |
Volume | Vol. 1 |
Place | Wroclaw, Poland |
Publisher | Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej |
Pages | 168-81 |
Date | 2004 |
Abstract | The paper deals with machines that play chess. It describes the exciting development from the first chess automaton called "The Turk" to the current generation of powerful chess computers like "Fritz". Supplying machines with chess playing ability as a surrogate of intelligence is a challenging idea dating back to the 18-th century. The first-chess automaton built 1769 by, Wolfgang von Kempelen was a fake; its intelligence was supplied by a human chess player cleverly hidden in the device. This was followed by attempts to build other faked chess automata or to write primitive chess programs in the late 19-th and early 20-th century. The systematic development of genuine chess playing machines started in the middle of the 20-th-century due to the computer scientists' decision to put forward chess playing ability as a paradigm to demonstrate that digital computers are capable of artificial intelligence. In recent years, chess computers like Fritz have gained such a playing strength that they could no longer be defeated in a regular match even by the human chess world champions Kasparov, Kramnik and others. But are chess computers intelligent? |
Proceedings Title | Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Systems Science. Plenary and Invited Papers. Systems Theory Identification, 7-10 Sept. 2004 |
Item Type | Attachment |
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Link Mode | 0 |
MIME Type | application/x-research-info-systems |
Item Type | Web Page |
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URL | https://www.engineeringvillage.com/search/doc/abstract.url?&pageType=quickSearch&usageZone=resultslist&usageOrigin=searchresults&searchtype=Quick&SEARCHID=48084993954b497e924c04c394dc1bd7&DOCINDEX=1&ignore_docid=inspec_480457103c27183a6M62a619255120119&database=2105347&format=quickSearchAbstractFormat&tagscope=&displayPagination=yes |
Accessed | 2019-10-25 16:56:11 |
Item Type | Web Page |
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URL | https://www.engineeringvillage.com/search/quick.url?SEARCHID=48084993954b497e924c04c394dc1bd7&COUNT=1&usageOrigin=&usageZone= |
Accessed | 2019-10-25 16:55:51 |
Item Type | Book |
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Author | David Daniels |
URL | /content/book/9780071485470/chapter/chapter21 |
ISBN | 978-0-07-148547-0 |
Date | 2008 |
Accessed | 2019-10-25 16:43:12 |
Library Catalog | www.accessengineeringlibrary.com |
Language | en |
Item Type | Web Page |
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URL | https://www.accessengineeringlibrary.com/search?query=ground+penetrating+radar&items_per_page=25&scope=selection |
Accessed | 2019-10-25 16:42:21 |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | C.J. Leuschen |
Author | R.G. Plumb |
URL | http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/921410/ |
Volume | 39 |
Issue | 5 |
Pages | 929-936 |
Publication | IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing |
ISSN | 01962892 |
Date | 5/2001 |
Journal Abbr | IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing |
DOI | 10.1109/36.921410 |
Accessed | 2019-10-25 16:37:48 |
Library Catalog | DOI.org (Crossref) |
Language | en |
Abstract | Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a remote sensing technique used to obtain information on subsurface features from data collected over the surface. The process of collecting data may be viewed as mapping from the object space to an image space. Since most GPRs use broad beamwidth antennas, the energy reflected from a buried structure is recorded over a large lateral aperture in the image space. Migration algorithms are used to reconstruct an accurate scattering map by refocusing the recorded scattering events to their true spatial locations through a backpropagation process. The goal of this paper is to present a pair of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) reverse-time migration algorithms for GPR data processing. Linear inverse scattering theory is used to develop a matched-filter response for the GPR problem. The reverse-time migration algorithms, developed for both bistatic and monostatic antenna configurations, are implemented via FDTD in the object space. Several examples are presented. |
Item Type | Web Page |
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URL | https://academicmatters.ca/what-are-universities-for/ |
Date | 2009-03-18T18:47:15+00:00 |
Accessed | 2019-10-25 16:32:42 |
Language | en-US |
Abstract | In 1852, John Henry Newman, in one of his discourses on “The Idea of a University”, said “a University is, according to [...] |
Website Title | Academic Matters |
Item Type | Encyclopedia Article |
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URL | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_model_organisms&oldid=757297560 |
Rights | Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License |
Date | 2016-12-29T22:13:19Z |
Extra | Page Version ID: 757297560 |
Accessed | 2017-02-06 17:40:19 |
Library Catalog | Wikipedia |
Encyclopedia Title | Wikipedia |
Language | en |
Abstract | This is a list of model organisms used in scientific research. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Rebecca A. Butcher |
Author | Justin R. Ragains |
Author | Edward Kim |
Author | Jon Clardy |
URL | http://www.jstor.org/stable/25464221 |
Volume | 105 |
Issue | 38 |
Pages | 14288-14292 |
Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
ISSN | 0027-8424 |
Date | 2008 |
Accessed | 2017-02-06 17:39:28 |
Library Catalog | JSTOR |
Abstract | In the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, the dauer pheromone is the primary cue for entry into the developmentally arrested, dauer larval stage. The dauer is specialized for survival under harsh environmental conditions and is considered "nonaging" because larvae that exit dauer have a normal life span. C. elegans constitutively secretes the dauer pheromone into its environment, enabling it to sense its population density. Several components of the dauer pheromone have been identified as derivatives of the dideoxy sugar ascarylose, but additional unidentified components of the dauer pheromone contribute to its activity. Here, we show that an ascaroside with a 3-hydroxypropionate side chain is a highly potent component of the dauer pheromone that acts synergistically with previously identified components. Furthermore, we show that the active dauer pheromone components that are produced by C. elegans vary depending on cultivation conditions. Identifying the active components of the dauer pheromone, the conditions under which they are produced, and their mechanisms of action will greatly extend our understanding of how chemosensory cues from the environment can influence such fundamental processes as development, metabolism, and aging in nematodes and in higher organisms. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | André E. X. Brown |
Author | Eviatar I. Yemini |
Author | Laura J. Grundy |
Author | Tadas Jucikas |
Author | William R. Schafer |
URL | http://www.jstor.org/stable/42553868 |
Volume | 110 |
Issue | 2 |
Pages | 791-796 |
Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
ISSN | 0027-8424 |
Date | 2013 |
Accessed | 2017-02-06 17:39:28 |
Library Catalog | JSTOR |
Abstract | Visible phenotypes based on locomotion and posture have played a critical role in understanding the molecular basis of behavior and development in Caenorhabditis elegans and other model organisms. However, it is not known whether these human-defined features capture the most important aspects of behavior for phenotypic comparison or whether they are sufficient to discover new behaviors. Here we show that four basic shapes, or eigenworms, previously described for wild-type worms, also capture mutant shapes, and that this representation can be used to build a dictionary of repetitive behavioral motifs in an unbiased way. By measuring the distance between each individual's behavior and the elements in the motif dictionary, we create a fingerprint that can be used to compare mutants to wild type and to each other. This analysis has revealed phenotypes not previously detected by real-time observation and has allowed clustering of mutants into related groups. Behavioral motifs provide a compact and intuitive representation of behavioral phenotypes. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Jinzhou Yuan |
Author | David M. Raizen |
Author | Haim H. Bau |
URL | http://www.jstor.org/stable/23772689 |
Volume | 111 |
Issue | 19 |
Pages | 6865-6870 |
Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
ISSN | 0027-8424 |
Date | 2014 |
Accessed | 2017-02-06 17:39:28 |
Library Catalog | JSTOR |
Abstract | Collective motion is observed in swarms of swimmers of various sizes, ranging from self-propelled nanoparticles to fish. The mechanisms that govern interactions among individuals are debated, and vary from one species to another. Although the interactions among relatively large animals, such as fish, are controlled by their nervous systems, the interactions among microorganisms, which lack nervous systems, are controlled through physical and chemical pathways. Little is known, however, regarding the mechanism of collective movements in microscopic organisms with nervous systems. To attempt to remedy this, we studied collective swimming behavior in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a microorganism with a compact nervous system. We evaluated the contributions of hydrodynamic forces, contact forces, and mechanosensory input to the interactions among individuals. We devised an experiment to examine pair interactions as a function of the distance between the animals and observed that gait synchronization occurred only when the animals were in close proximity, independent of genes required for mechanosensation. Our measurements and simulations indicate that steric hindrance is the dominant factor responsible for motion synchronization in C. elegans, and that hydrodynamic interactions and genotype do not play a significant role. We infer that a similar mechanism may apply to other microscopic swimming organisms and self-propelled particles. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Andreas H. Ludewig |
Author | Yevgeniy Izrayelit |
Author | Donha Park |
Author | Rabia U. Malik |
Author | Anna Zimmermann |
Author | Parag Mahanti |
Author | Bennett W. Fox |
Author | Axel Bethke |
Author | Frank Doering |
Author | Donald L. Riddle |
Author | Frank C. Schroeder |
URL | http://www.jstor.org/stable/42583016 |
Volume | 110 |
Issue | 14 |
Pages | 5522-5527 |
Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
ISSN | 0027-8424 |
Date | 2013 |
Accessed | 2017-02-06 17:39:27 |
Library Catalog | JSTOR |
Abstract | Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, and mice is regulated by conserved signaling networks, including the insulin/insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling cascade and pathways depending on sirtuins, a family of NAD⁺-dependent deacetylases. Small molecules such as resveratrol are of great interest because they increase lifespan in many species in a sirtuin-dependent manner. However, no endogenous small molecules that regulate lifespan via sirtuins have been identified, and the mechanisms underlying sirtuin-dependent longevity are not well understood. Here, we show that in C. elegans, two endogenously produced small molecules, the dauer-inducing ascarosides ascr#2 and ascr#3, regulate lifespan and stress resistance through chemosensory pathways and the sirtuin SIR-2.1. Ascarosides extend adult lifespan and stress resistance without reducing fecundity or feeding rate, and these effects are reduced or abolished when nutrients are restricted. We found that ascaroside-mediated longevity is fully abolished by loss of SIR-2.1 and that the effect of ascr#2 requires expression of the G protein-coupled receptor DAF-37 in specific chemosensory neurons. In contrast to many other lifespan-modulating factors, ascarosidemediated lifespan increases do not require insulin signaling via the FOXO homolog DAF-16 or the insulin/IGF-1-receptor homolog DAF-2. Our study demonstrates that C. elegans produces specific small molecules to control adult lifespan in a sirtuin-dependent manner, supporting the hypothesis that endogenous regulation of metazoan lifespan functions, in part, via sirtuins. These findings strengthen the link between chemosensory inputs and conserved mechanisms of lifespan regulation in metazoans and suggest a model for communal lifespan regulation in C. elegans. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Mark A. McCormick |
Author | Shih-yin Tsai |
Author | Brian K. Kennedy |
URL | http://www.jstor.org/stable/25758981 |
Volume | 366 |
Issue | 1561 |
Pages | 17-27 |
Publication | Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences |
ISSN | 0962-8436 |
Date | 2011 |
Accessed | 2017-02-06 17:39:27 |
Library Catalog | JSTOR |
Abstract | Studies in invertebrate model organisms have led to a wealth of knowledge concerning the ageing process. But which of these discoveries will apply to ageing in humans? Recently, an assessment of the degree of conservation of ageing pathways between two of the leading invertebrate model organisms, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans, was completed. The results (i) quantitatively indicated that pathways were conserved between evolutionarily disparate invertebrate species and (ii) emphasized the importance of the TOR kinase pathway in ageing. With recent findings that deletion of the mTOR substrate S6K1 or exposure of mice to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin result in lifespan extension, mTOR signalling has become a major focus of ageing research. Here, we address downstream targets of mTOR signalling and their possible links to ageing. We also briefly cover other ageing genes identified by comparing worms and yeast, addressing the likelihood that their mammalian counterparts will affect longevity. |
Short Title | TOR and ageing |
Item Type | Book |
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Author | Stephen M. King |
Author | Gregory J. (Gregory Joseph) Pazour |
Series | Methods in cell biology, v. 93 |
Place | San Diego, Calif |
Publisher | Elsevier/Academic Press |
ISBN | 0123813778, 9780123813 |
Date | 2009 |
Loc. in Archive | UkOxU RSLBL |
Library Catalog | www.library.yorku.ca |
Language | eng |
Short Title | Cilia |
# of Pages | 390 |
Item Type | Book |
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Author | Pamela M. Carroll |
Author | Kevin J. Fitzgerald |
URL | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/wiley039/2003013114.html |
Place | Chichester, West Sussex, England |
Publisher | John Wiley & Sons |
ISBN | 0470848936 |
Date | 2003 |
Call Number | RM301.3.G45 M635 2003, 615/.19 |
Accessed | 2017-02-06 17:37:41 |
Library Catalog | www.library.yorku.ca |
Language | eng |
# of Pages | 288 |
Item Type | Book |
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Place | Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y |
Publisher | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press |
ISBN | 9780879698, 0879698268, 9780879698, 0879698721 |
Date | 2009 |
Call Number | QH324.8 .E44 2009, 570.1/1 |
Library Catalog | www.library.yorku.ca |
Language | eng |
Short Title | Emerging model organisms |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Des Gasper |
URL | http://www.jstor.org/stable/24385636 |
Volume | 79 |
Issue | 4 |
Pages | 983-1014 |
Publication | Social Research |
ISSN | 0037-783X |
Date | 2012 |
Journal Abbr | Social Research |
Accessed | 2016-10-21 18:19:38 |
Library Catalog | JSTOR |
Short Title | Climate Change |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Kari Marie Norgaard |
URL | http://www.jstor.org/stable/43496861 |
Volume | 19 |
Issue | 1/2 |
Pages | 80-103 |
Publication | Race, Gender & Class |
ISSN | 1082-8354 |
Date | 2012 |
Journal Abbr | Race, Gender & Class |
Accessed | 2016-10-21 18:19:38 |
Library Catalog | JSTOR |
Abstract | Global climate change is experienced very differently across race, gender, class and nationality. Wealthy people in the Global North who generate the most carbon emissions have been apathetic regarding climate change, considering it a low priority in relation to other social problems. Meanwhile climate impacts are felt most acutely by women of color in the Global South. In today's globalized risk society such perceptions of near and far, immediate or abstract are politically charged social constructions. How do privileged people with knowledge of climate science re-create a sense of safety in the face of troubling events and information? What is the significance of their constructions of risk and concern in reproducing transnational power relations along the lines of race, gender and class? This paper is part of a larger project that uses ethnographic observation and interviews in a rural Norwegian community I call 'Bygdaby' to understand why globally privileged people perceive climate change as relatively unimportant. Here data are reanalyzed with emphasis on the relationship between the cultural production of denial and the maintenance of global privilege. I describe how for people in Bygdaby knowledge of climate change threatened a sense of order and innocence. People were aware of climate change but simultaneously re-created a sense that "everything was fine." Normalization of climate change occurred by using "tools of order" to recreate order and security and "tools of innocence" for the "construction of innocence." In the course of normalizing a troubling situation, residents simultaneously reproduce transnational environmental privilege. The construction of denial and innocence work to silence the needs and voices of women and people of color in the Global South, and thus reproduce global inequality along the lines of gender, race and class. |
Short Title | Climate Denial and the Construction of Innocence |
Item Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Iain Murray |
URL | http://www.jstor.org/stable/43152294 |
Issue | 14 |
Pages | 134-137 |
Publication | The New Atlantis |
ISSN | 1543-1215 |
Date | 2006 |
Journal Abbr | The New Atlantis |
Accessed | 2016-10-21 18:19:38 |
Library Catalog | JSTOR |
Short Title | Eco-Censorship |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Janette Webb |
URL | http://www.jstor.org/stable/43497237 |
Volume | 46 |
Issue | 1 |
Pages | 109-125 |
Publication | Sociology |
ISSN | 0038-0385 |
Date | 2012 |
Journal Abbr | Sociology |
Accessed | 2016-10-21 18:19:38 |
Library Catalog | JSTOR |
Abstract | Our dependence on energy from fossil fuels is causing potentially disastrous global warming and posing fundamental questions about the commensurability of consumer capitalism and a sustainable society. UK and Scottish governments have taken a lead in climate change legislation intended to avoid worst-case scenarios through low carbon transition. There are, however, considerable uncertainties about whether individualized, market-driven, materialistic societies can manage such radical transformations. Policies to cut household emissions focus on behaviour change through social marketing and incremental modifications to consumption. This technocratic model produces very little societal change, and seems likely to be self-defeating. The framing of the problem as one of behavioural adjustments to individual self-interest obscures alternative understandings of society as a collective accomplishment. Through simultaneous 'knowing and not knowing' about unsustainable consumerism, a behavioural model allows governing to proceed, while marginalizing awkward questions about the contradictions between economic growth and low carbon transitions. |
Short Title | Climate Change and Society |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Carol Agócs |
URL | http://www.jstor.org/stable/25072959 |
Volume | 16 |
Issue | 9 |
Pages | 917-931 |
Publication | Journal of Business Ethics |
ISSN | 0167-4544 |
Date | 1997 |
Journal Abbr | Journal of Business Ethics |
Accessed | 2016-10-21 18:19:38 |
Library Catalog | JSTOR |
Abstract | An extensive theoretical and research literature on organizational change and its implementation has been accumulating over the past fifty years. It is customary in this literature to find resistance to change mentioned as an inevitable consequence of organizational change initiatives. Yet there has been little discussion of the nature and forms of resistance that is institutionalized in organizational structure and processes. Furthermore, organization development perspectives on organizational change address management-initiated change, but not change proposed by advocates for the powerless and disadvantaged. Focussing on institutionalized resistance from the standpoint of the advocate of fundamental change, this discussion proposes a typology consisting of a sequence of forms of active resistance to change, from denial through inaction to repression. The typology is illustrated by referring to responses of organizational decision makers to the efforts of employment equity change agents to address issues of systemic discrimination in the work place. The purpose of the typology is to assist change advocates, such as equality seekers, to name, analyze and think strategically about the institutionalized resistance they encounter, and about effective responses to the resistance. |
Short Title | Institutionalized Resistance to Organizational Change |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Byron Williston |
URL | http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/ethicsenviro.17.2.165 |
Volume | 17 |
Issue | 2 |
Pages | 165-186 |
Publication | Ethics and the Environment |
ISSN | 1085-6633 |
Date | 2012 |
Journal Abbr | Ethics and the Environment |
DOI | 10.2979/ethicsenviro.17.2.165 |
Accessed | 2016-10-21 18:19:38 |
Library Catalog | JSTOR |
Abstract | In the face of increasingly dire warnings about the severity of climate change, how can we rationally hope for a solution to the problem? In this paper I argue that although such hope is warranted, it must take the form of what Jonathan Lear calls ‘radical hope.’ That is, given that the cultural and social changes in store for humanity in the wake of climate catastrophes will likely be very dramatic, we may not be able to retain many of the thick cultural materials we cherish and take for granted. For this reason, the object of our hope must be relatively indeterminate. What should it be? My answer is that we should strive hopefully to retain the ability to flourish as moral agents. I show (a) that this involves constitutively the capacity to recognize and accord positive moral weight to the vital interests of members of the moral community; and (b) that this ability is already being eroded as the climate crisis deepens. I close by suggesting ways this hope can be instantiated in our practices and virtues. |
Item Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Brandon Konoval |
Volume | 22 |
Issue | 4 |
Pages | 545-573 |
Publication | Perspectives on Science |
ISSN | 10636145 |
Date | 2014 |
Journal Abbr | Perspectives on Science |
Library Catalog | EBSCOhost |
Language | English |
Short Title | What Has Dayton to Do with Sils-Maria? |