[ { "key": "JT7Q49F8", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/JT7Q49F8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/JT7Q49F8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rightmire and Lordkipanidze", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "JT7Q49F8", "version": 3, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Fossil Skulls from Dmanisi: A Paleodeme Representing Earliest Homo in Eurasia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. Philip", "lastName": "Rightmire" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Lordkipanidze" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "John G.", "lastName": "Fleagle" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "John J.", "lastName": "Shea" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Frederick E.", "lastName": "Grine" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Andrea L.", "lastName": "Baden" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Richard E.", "lastName": "Leakey" } ], "abstractNote": "The Plio-Pleistocene site of Dmanisi has yielded much evidence bearing on the morphology and behavior of the earliest hominins from western Eurasia. Human remains, animal bones and stone artifacts were deposited at Dmanisi during a brief interval following the close of the Olduvai Subchron (1.77 million years ago). The hominin fossils now include an adult braincase (D2280), the partial skull of a young adult (D2282/D211), a large mandible (D2600), a small subadult skull (D2700/D2735), an edentulous cranium with lower jaw (D3444/D3900), and postcranial bones attributed to several individuals. The crania have capacities ranging from 600 to 775 cm 3 . Supraorbital tori and other vault superstructures are only moderately developed. Although there is variation related to ontogenetic age and sex dimorphism, it is appropriate to group the Dmanisi individuals together. Most probably, all of the hominins are sampled from one paleodeme. This population resembles Homo habilis in brain volume and some aspects of craniofacial morphology, but many of these features can be interpreted as symplesiomorphies. Other discrete characters and measurements suggest that the Dmanisi skulls are best placed with H. erectus . There are numerous similarities to individuals from the Turkana Basin in Kenya, but a few features link Dmanisi to Sangiran in Java. This evidence can be read to support an early dispersal of H. erectus from Africa to Eurasia. However, an alternative hypothesis must also be considered. Morphological comparisons of the fossils and findings from geochronology are consistent with the view that H. erectus evolved in Asia. Only later did representatives of this species disperse from western Asia to Africa and eastward toward Java and China.", "bookTitle": "Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia", "series": "Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2010", "publisher": "Springer Netherlands", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "225-243", "ISBN": "978-90-481-9036-2", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.springerlink.com/content/q236t18046100039/abstract/", "accessDate": "2012-11-06T16:30:36Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Fossil Skulls from Dmanisi", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biomedical and Life Sciences", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "H93FGFNH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-06T16:30:36Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:26:21Z" } }, { "key": "3RSEQVEJ", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/3RSEQVEJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/3RSEQVEJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1141795, "username": "amber.heardbooth", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/amber.heardbooth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Richards et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "3RSEQVEJ", "version": 3, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "A Model for the Dispersal of Modern Humans out of Africa", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martin", "lastName": "Richards" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hans-Jürgen", "lastName": "Bandelt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Toomas", "lastName": "Kivisild" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen", "lastName": "Oppenheimer" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Hans-Jürgen", "lastName": "Bandelt" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Vincent", "lastName": "Macaulay" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Martin", "lastName": "Richards" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Human Mitochondrial DNA and the Evolution of <i>Homo sapiens</i>", "series": "Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "18", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2006", "publisher": "Springer Berlin Heidelberg", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "225-265", "ISBN": "978-3-540-31789-0", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.springerlink.com/content/g14508u363247212/abstract/", "accessDate": "2012-11-05T19:51:45Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biomedical and Life Sciences", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "5TISRA4S" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-05T19:51:45Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:26:21Z" } }, { "key": "KEVWSXAS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/KEVWSXAS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/KEVWSXAS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dennell", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "KEVWSXAS", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "“Out of Africa I”: Current Problems and Future Prospects", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robin", "lastName": "Dennell" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "John G.", "lastName": "Fleagle" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "John J.", "lastName": "Shea" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Frederick E.", "lastName": "Grine" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Andrea L.", "lastName": "Baden" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Richard E.", "lastName": "Leakey" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper examines current weaknesses in the Out of Africa I model, and indicates why it is less robust than often proposed. It examines the main gaps in our understanding of hominin dispersals and settlement in Asia before 0.5 Ma, and highlights those shortcomings that have a realistic chance of being rectified, and which most impede fruitful discussion of early Asian prehistory. It also proposes that any discussion of early hominin dispersals out of (and possibly into) Africa before 0.5 Ma needs to take much fuller account than has often been the case of recent data on climatic change across southern Asia.", "bookTitle": "Out of Africa I", "series": "Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2010", "publisher": "Springer Netherlands", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "247-273", "ISBN": "978-90-481-9036-2", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.springerlink.com/content/k75456057h783776/abstract/", "accessDate": "2012-11-12T14:13:51Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "“Out of Africa I”", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biomedical and Life Sciences", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "H93FGFNH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-12T14:13:51Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:26:21Z" } }, { "key": "UTR9947V", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/UTR9947V", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/UTR9947V", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/6BHF3TA5", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "UTR9947V", "version": 2, "parentItem": "6BHF3TA5", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "SpringerLink Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-11-12T14:25:56Z", "url": "http://www.springerlink.com/content/k1p66m788j324553/abstract/", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "abstract.html", "md5": "21648d95e460bd2ea1c765ac08592113", "mtime": 1352730357000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-12T14:25:56Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:25:56Z" } }, { "key": "QBQ8MTKZ", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/QBQ8MTKZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/QBQ8MTKZ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/6BHF3TA5", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QBQ8MTKZ", "version": 2, "parentItem": "6BHF3TA5", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "SpringerLink Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2012-11-12T14:25:49Z", "url": "http://www.springerlink.com/content/k1p66m788j324553/fulltext.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Braun et al. - 2010 - Africa and Asia Comparisons of the Earliest Archa.pdf", "md5": "c90eda1e508089e7671c91331723fbc7", "mtime": 1352730351000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-12T14:25:49Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:25:51Z" } }, { "key": "6BHF3TA5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/6BHF3TA5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/6BHF3TA5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Braun et al.", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "6BHF3TA5", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Africa and Asia: Comparisons of the Earliest Archaeological Evidence", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David R.", "lastName": "Braun" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher J.", "lastName": "Norton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John W. K.", "lastName": "Harris" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Christopher J.", "lastName": "Norton" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "David R.", "lastName": "Braun" } ], "abstractNote": "The earliest archaeological sites in East Asia ­suggest that making and using stone artifacts was a consistent part of the subsistence strategy of these earliest immigrants to East Asia. Although there are many differences between the earliest archaeological record in Africa and Asia, a few aspects of these industries allow formal comparisons. Here we review aspects of the African Oldowan archaeological record and compare it to the large and well-studied archaeological record from the Nihewan Basin. We suggest that the technological strategies shown in these East Asian Early Paleolithic assemblages are consistent with a subsistence pattern where stone tool mediated resources played a very different role than that found in East Africa. We suggest that the poor quality of available materials were not conducive to the maintenance of complex toolkits. Early Pleistocene hominins in East Asia may have exploited a series of diverse resources that had distinct technological requirements. In this sense the ecology of these hominins may have been very different from their African counterparts.", "bookTitle": "Asian Paleoanthropology", "series": "Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2010", "publisher": "Springer Netherlands", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "41-48", "ISBN": "978-90-481-9094-2", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.springerlink.com/content/k1p66m788j324553/abstract/", "accessDate": "2012-11-12T14:25:49Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Africa and Asia", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biomedical and Life Sciences", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "H93FGFNH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-12T14:25:49Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:25:49Z" } }, { "key": "HQQESVT8", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/HQQESVT8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/HQQESVT8", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/A7TFTXRF", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "HQQESVT8", "version": 2, "parentItem": "A7TFTXRF", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "SpringerLink Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-11-12T14:20:08Z", "url": "http://www.springerlink.com/content/t10826v701874t7n/abstract/", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "abstract.html", "md5": "af28317b77090d03085024556d5f14e1", "mtime": 1352730008000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-12T14:20:08Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:20:08Z" } }, { "key": "RTCT6UGM", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/RTCT6UGM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/RTCT6UGM", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/A7TFTXRF", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RTCT6UGM", "version": 2, "parentItem": "A7TFTXRF", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "SpringerLink Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2012-11-12T14:20:01Z", "url": "http://www.springerlink.com/content/t10826v701874t7n/fulltext.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Petraglia - 2003 - The Lower Paleolithic of the Arabian Peninsula Oc.pdf", "md5": "8236fd155e75c3cbd9bd085603008f22", "mtime": 1352730004000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-12T14:20:01Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:20:04Z" } }, { "key": "A7TFTXRF", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/A7TFTXRF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/A7TFTXRF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Petraglia", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "A7TFTXRF", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Lower Paleolithic of the Arabian Peninsula: Occupations, Adaptations, and Dispersals", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael D.", "lastName": "Petraglia" } ], "abstractNote": "To understand major processes of human evolution during the Plio- Pleistocene, it is necessary to consider the available evidence from key regions of the Old World. The Arabian peninsula is often depicted as a key geographic route for hominin dispersals in “Out of Africa” models, although the available primary evidence is rarely cited. And yet, significant Lower Paleolithic assemblages have been identified in many parts of the peninsula, including in areas near the Strait of Bab al Mandab. The presence of Oldowan-like and Acheulean assemblages may reflect at least two major dispersals outside of Africa. Acheulean localities are particularly abundant on the Arabian peninsula, and variations in stone tool manufacturing techniques and tool-type frequencies may reflect temporal changes in assemblages. Although there is good potential to chronometrically date sites in the Arabian peninsula, absolute dating methods have not been adequately applied, most temporal reconstructions relying on typotechnological change. If the Arabian peninsula is to provide solid evidence for understanding hominin adaptation and dispersal patterns, future fieldwork in secure depositional contexts needs to be conducted to overcome current limits in dating and environmental reconstructions.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of World Prehistory", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003", "volume": "17", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "141-179", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1023/A:1025849206519", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.springerlink.com/content/t10826v701874t7n/abstract/", "accessDate": "2012-11-12T14:20:01Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0892-7537", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Lower Paleolithic of the Arabian Peninsula", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Humanities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Sciences and Law", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "H93FGFNH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-12T14:20:01Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:20:01Z" } }, { "key": "9AGS84CG", "version": 13, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/9AGS84CG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/9AGS84CG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brumm et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-03-17", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9AGS84CG", "version": 13, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Hominins on Flores, Indonesia, by one million years ago", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Adam", "lastName": "Brumm" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gitte M.", "lastName": "Jensen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gert D. van den", "lastName": "Bergh" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael J.", "lastName": "Morwood" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Iwan", "lastName": "Kurniawan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fachroel", "lastName": "Aziz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Storey" } ], "abstractNote": "Previous excavations at Mata Menge and Boa Lesa in the Soa Basin of Flores, Indonesia, recovered stone artefacts in association with fossilized remains of the large-bodied Stegodon florensis florensis . Zircon fission-track ages from these sites indicated that hominins had colonized the island by 0.88 ± 0.07 million years (Myr) ago. Here we describe the contents, context and age of Wolo Sege, a recently discovered archaeological site in the Soa Basin that has in situ stone artefacts and that lies stratigraphically below Mata Menge and immediately above the basement breccias of the basin. We show using 40Ar/39Ar dating that an ignimbrite overlying the artefact layers at Wolo Sege was erupted 1.02 ± 0.02 Myr ago, providing a new minimum age for hominins on Flores. This predates the disappearance from the Soa Basin of ‘pygmy’ Stegodon sondaari and Geochelone spp. (giant tortoise), as evident at the nearby site of Tangi Talo, which has been dated to 0.90 ± 0.07 Myr ago. It now seems that this extirpation or possible extinction event and the associated faunal turnover were the result of natural processes rather than the arrival of hominins. It also appears that the volcanic and fluvio-lacustrine deposits infilling the Soa Basin may not be old enough to register the initial arrival of hominins on the island.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "03/17/2010", "volume": "464", "issue": "7289", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "748-752", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1038/nature08844", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v464/n7289/abs/nature08844.html", "accessDate": "2012-10-08T20:26:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2010 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astronomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astrophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biochemistry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bioinformatics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cancer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell signalling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "climate change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computational biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developmental biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "drug discovery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "earth science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environmental science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolutionary biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "functional genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genetics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "geophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "immunology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "interdisciplinary science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "marine biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "materials science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medical research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "metabolomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular interactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nanotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neurobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neuroscience", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "palaeobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "pharmacology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "proteomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quantum physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science news", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "signal transduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "structural biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "systems biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transcriptomics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-08T20:26:41Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:17:24Z" } }, { "key": "IR63H6A5", "version": 12, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/IR63H6A5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/IR63H6A5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1141795, "username": "amber.heardbooth", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/amber.heardbooth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Weaver and Roseman", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "IR63H6A5", "version": 12, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "New developments in the genetic evidence for modern human origins", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Timothy D.", "lastName": "Weaver" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charles C.", "lastName": "Roseman" } ], "abstractNote": "The genetic evidence for modern human origins was reviewed recently in Evolutionary Anthropology by Pearson,1 so our goal is to highlight new developments rather than attempt a comprehensive review. For years, polarized Multiregional and Out-of-Africa models for modern human origins were debated vigorously, but today there is substantial agreement among specialists. One area of broad consensus is that Africa or, more accurately, sub-Saharan Africa, played a predominant role in the origins of modern humans. This view is found even among researchers who argue against complete replacement of nonmodern Eurasians.2–7 The importance of Africa is clear not only from genetics, but also from the fossil record.1, 8 On the other hand, most researchers also agree that, at least in principle, modern humans and nonmodern Eurasians, such as Neandertals, could have interbred with each other. The fossil record suggests that Neandertals and modern humans constituted independent evolutionary lineages,9 but their recent common ancestry leaves open the possibility of admixture.10 The open question is whether there is any evidence of admixture.1", "publicationTitle": "Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "17", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "69–80", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/evan.20161", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/evan.20161/abstract", "accessDate": "2012-11-05T19:24:06Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1520-6505", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Neandertals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genetics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "modern human origins", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "natural selection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "population size", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "5TISRA4S" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-05T19:24:06Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:17:24Z" } }, { "key": "HTQ3XD56", "version": 12, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/HTQ3XD56", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/HTQ3XD56", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brown et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-10-28", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "HTQ3XD56", "version": 12, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A new small-bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Brown" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Sutikna" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. J.", "lastName": "Morwood" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. P.", "lastName": "Soejono" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Jatmiko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E. Wayhu", "lastName": "Saptomo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rokus Awe", "lastName": "Due" } ], "abstractNote": "Currently, it is widely accepted that only one hominin genus, Homo, was present in Pleistocene Asia, represented by two species, Homo erectus and Homo sapiens. Both species are characterized by greater brain size, increased body height and smaller teeth relative to Pliocene Australopithecus in Africa. Here we report the discovery, from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia, of an adult hominin with stature and endocranial volume approximating 1 m and 380 cm3, respectively—equal to the smallest-known australopithecines. The combination of primitive and derived features assigns this hominin to a new species, Homo floresiensis. The most likely explanation for its existence on Flores is long-term isolation, with subsequent endemic dwarfing, of an ancestral H. erectus population. Importantly, H. floresiensis shows that the genus Homo is morphologically more varied and flexible in its adaptive responses than previously thought.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2004-10-28", "volume": "431", "issue": "7012", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1055-1061", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1038/nature02999", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v431/n7012/abs/nature02999.html", "accessDate": "2012-10-08T20:28:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2004 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astronomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astrophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biochemistry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bioinformatics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cancer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell signalling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "climate change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computational biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developmental biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "drug discovery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "earth science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environmental science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolutionary biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "functional genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genetics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "geophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "immunology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "interdisciplinary science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "marine biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "materials science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medical research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "metabolomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular interactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nanotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neurobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neuroscience", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "palaeobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "pharmacology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "proteomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quantum physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science news", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "signal transduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "structural biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "systems biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transcriptomics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-08T20:28:34Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:17:24Z" } }, { "key": "WTMCRV5T", "version": 11, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/WTMCRV5T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/WTMCRV5T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Carbonell et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-03-27", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WTMCRV5T", "version": 11, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The first hominin of Europe", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eudald", "lastName": "Carbonell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "José M. Bermúdez de", "lastName": "Castro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Josep M.", "lastName": "Parés" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alfredo", "lastName": "Pérez-González" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gloria", "lastName": "Cuenca-Bescós" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andreu", "lastName": "Ollé" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marina", "lastName": "Mosquera" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rosa", "lastName": "Huguet" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jan van der", "lastName": "Made" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Antonio", "lastName": "Rosas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Sala" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Josep", "lastName": "Vallverdú" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nuria", "lastName": "García" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Darryl E.", "lastName": "Granger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "María", "lastName": "Martinón-Torres" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xosé P.", "lastName": "Rodríguez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Greg M.", "lastName": "Stock" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Josep M.", "lastName": "Vergès" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ethel", "lastName": "Allué" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francesc", "lastName": "Burjachs" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Isabel", "lastName": "Cáceres" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Antoni", "lastName": "Canals" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alfonso", "lastName": "Benito" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carlos", "lastName": "Díez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marina", "lastName": "Lozano" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ana", "lastName": "Mateos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marta", "lastName": "Navazo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jesús", "lastName": "Rodríguez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jordi", "lastName": "Rosell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Juan L.", "lastName": "Arsuaga" } ], "abstractNote": "The earliest hominin occupation of Europe is one of the most debated topics in palaeoanthropology. However, the purportedly oldest of the Early Pleistocene sites in Eurasia lack precise age control and contain stone tools rather than human fossil remains. Here we report the discovery of a human mandible associated with an assemblage of Mode 1 lithic tools and faunal remains bearing traces of hominin processing, in stratigraphic level TE9 at the site of the Sima del Elefante, Atapuerca, Spain. Level TE9 has been dated to the Early Pleistocene (approximately 1.2–1.1 Myr), based on a combination of palaeomagnetism, cosmogenic nuclides and biostratigraphy. The Sima del Elefante site thus emerges as the oldest, most accurately dated record of human occupation in Europe, to our knowledge. The study of the human mandible suggests that the first settlement of Western Europe could be related to an early demographic expansion out of Africa. The new evidence, with previous findings in other Atapuerca sites (level TD6 from Gran Dolina), also suggests that a speciation event occurred in this extreme area of the Eurasian continent during the Early Pleistocene, initiating the hominin lineage represented by the TE9 and TD6 hominins.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "03/27/2008", "volume": "452", "issue": "7186", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "465-469", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1038/nature06815", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v452/n7186/abs/nature06815.html", "accessDate": "2012-11-02T18:58:26Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2008 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astronomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astrophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biochemistry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bioinformatics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cancer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell signalling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "climate change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computational biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developmental biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "drug discovery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "earth science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environmental science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolutionary biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "functional genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genetics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "geophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "immunology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "interdisciplinary science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "marine biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "materials science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medical research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "metabolomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular interactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nanotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neurobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neuroscience", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "palaeobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "pharmacology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "proteomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quantum physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science news", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "signal transduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "structural biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "systems biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transcriptomics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-02T18:59:02Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:17:24Z" } }, { "key": "CQBTSHJ7", "version": 10, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/CQBTSHJ7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/CQBTSHJ7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1141795, "username": "amber.heardbooth", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/amber.heardbooth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lahr and Foley", "parsedDate": "1994", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "CQBTSHJ7", "version": 10, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Multiple dispersals and modern human origins", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marta Mirazon", "lastName": "Lahr" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Foley" } ], "abstractNote": "Despite a massive endeavour, the problem of modern human origins not only remains unresolved, but is usually reduced to “Out of Africa” versus multiregional evolution. Not all would agree, but evidence for a single recent origin is accumulating. Here, we want to go beyond this debate and explore within the “Out of Africa” framework an issue that has not been fully addressed: the mechanism by which modern human diversity has developed. We believe there is no clear rubicon of modern Homo sapiens, and that multiple dispersals occurred from a morphologically variable population in Africa. Pre-existing African diversity is thus crucial to the way human diversity developed outside Africa. The pattern of diversity—behavioural, linguistic, morphological and genetic—can be interpreted as the result of dispersals, colonisation, differentiation and subsequent dispersals overlaid on former population ranges. The first dispersals would have originated in Africa from where two different geographical routes were possible, one through Ethiopia/Arabia towards South Asia, and one through North Africa/Middle East towards Eurasia.", "publicationTitle": "Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1994", "volume": "3", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "48–60", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/evan.1360030206", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/evan.1360030206/abstract", "accessDate": "2012-11-05T19:25:00Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1520-6505", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Hominid", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "colonization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "population diversity", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "5TISRA4S" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-05T19:25:00Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:17:24Z" } }, { "key": "K2C5NWIF", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/K2C5NWIF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/K2C5NWIF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dennell and Roebroeks", "parsedDate": "2005-12-22", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "K2C5NWIF", "version": 8, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "An Asian perspective on early human dispersal from Africa", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robin", "lastName": "Dennell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wil", "lastName": "Roebroeks" } ], "abstractNote": "The past decade has seen the Pliocene and Pleistocene fossil hominin record enriched by the addition of at least ten new taxa, including the Early Pleistocene, small-brained hominins from Dmanisi, Georgia, and the diminutive Late Pleistocene Homo floresiensis from Flores, Indonesia. At the same time, Asia's earliest hominin presence has been extended up to 1.8 Myr ago, hundreds of thousands of years earlier than previously envisaged. Nevertheless, the preferred explanation for the first appearance of hominins outside Africa has remained virtually unchanged. We show here that it is time to develop alternatives to one of palaeoanthropology's most basic paradigms: 'Out of Africa 1'.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005-12-22", "volume": "438", "issue": "7071", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1099-1104", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1038/nature04259", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v438/n7071/abs/nature04259.html", "accessDate": "2012-11-05T21:01:25Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2005 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astronomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astrophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biochemistry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bioinformatics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cancer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell signalling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "climate change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computational biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developmental biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "drug discovery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "earth science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environmental science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolutionary biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "functional genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genetics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "geophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "immunology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "interdisciplinary science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "marine biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "materials science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medical research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "metabolomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular interactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nanotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neurobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neuroscience", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "palaeobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "pharmacology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "proteomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quantum physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science news", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "signal transduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "structural biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "systems biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transcriptomics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "H93FGFNH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-05T21:02:07Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:17:24Z" } }, { "key": "H4PI72MX", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/H4PI72MX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/H4PI72MX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lordkipanidze et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-04-06", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "H4PI72MX", "version": 8, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Anthropology: The earliest toothless hominin skull", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Lordkipanidze" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Abesalom", "lastName": "Vekua" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Reid", "lastName": "Ferring" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. Philip", "lastName": "Rightmire" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jordi", "lastName": "Agusti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gocha", "lastName": "Kiladze" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alexander", "lastName": "Mouskhelishvili" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Medea", "lastName": "Nioradze" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marcia S. Ponce de", "lastName": "León" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martha", "lastName": "Tappen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christoph P. E.", "lastName": "Zollikofer" } ], "abstractNote": "The site of Dmanisi in the Eurasian republic of Georgia has yielded striking hominin, faunal and archaeological material as evidence for the presence of early Homo outside Africa 1.77 million years ago, documenting an important episode in human evolution. Here we describe a beautifully preserved skull and jawbone from a Dmanisi hominin of this period who had lost all but one tooth several years before death. This specimen not only represents the earliest case of severe masticatory impairment in the hominin fossil record to be discovered so far, but also raises questions about alternative subsistence strategies in early Homo.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "04/06/2005", "volume": "434", "issue": "7034", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "717-718", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1038/434717b", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v434/n7034/abs/434717b.html", "accessDate": "2012-11-05T22:11:23Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Anthropology", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2005 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astronomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astrophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biochemistry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bioinformatics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cancer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell signalling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "climate change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computational biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developmental biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "drug discovery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "earth science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environmental science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolutionary biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "functional genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genetics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "geophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "immunology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "interdisciplinary science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "marine biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "materials science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medical research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "metabolomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular interactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nanotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neurobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neuroscience", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "palaeobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "pharmacology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "proteomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quantum physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science news", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "signal transduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "structural biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "systems biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transcriptomics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "H93FGFNH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-05T22:11:23Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:17:24Z" } }, { "key": "JFDQA58E", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/JFDQA58E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/JFDQA58E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lordkipanidze et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-09-20", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "JFDQA58E", "version": 7, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Postcranial evidence from early Homo from Dmanisi, Georgia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Lordkipanidze" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tea", "lastName": "Jashashvili" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Abesalom", "lastName": "Vekua" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marcia S. Ponce de", "lastName": "León" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christoph P. E.", "lastName": "Zollikofer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. Philip", "lastName": "Rightmire" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Herman", "lastName": "Pontzer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Reid", "lastName": "Ferring" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Oriol", "lastName": "Oms" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martha", "lastName": "Tappen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maia", "lastName": "Bukhsianidze" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jordi", "lastName": "Agusti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ralf", "lastName": "Kahlke" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gocha", "lastName": "Kiladze" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bienvenido", "lastName": "Martinez-Navarro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alexander", "lastName": "Mouskhelishvili" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Medea", "lastName": "Nioradze" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lorenzo", "lastName": "Rook" } ], "abstractNote": "The Plio-Pleistocene site of Dmanisi, Georgia, has yielded a rich fossil and archaeological record documenting an early presence of the genus Homo outside Africa. Although the craniomandibular morphology of early Homo is well known as a result of finds from Dmanisi and African localities, data about its postcranial morphology are still relatively scarce. Here we describe newly excavated postcranial material from Dmanisi comprising a partial skeleton of an adolescent individual, associated with skull D2700/D2735, and the remains from three adult individuals. This material shows that the postcranial anatomy of the Dmanisi hominins has a surprising mosaic of primitive and derived features. The primitive features include a small body size, a low encephalization quotient and absence of humeral torsion; the derived features include modern-human-like body proportions and lower limb morphology indicative of the capability for long-distance travel. Thus, the earliest known hominins to have lived outside of Africa in the temperate zones of Eurasia did not yet display the full set of derived skeletal features.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "09/20/2007", "volume": "449", "issue": "7160", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "305-310", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1038/nature06134", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7160/full/nature06134.html", "accessDate": "2012-11-06T16:25:33Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2007 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astronomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astrophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biochemistry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bioinformatics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cancer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell signalling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "climate change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computational biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developmental biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "drug discovery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "earth science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environmental science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolutionary biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "functional genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genetics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "geophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "immunology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "interdisciplinary science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "marine biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "materials science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medical research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "metabolomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular interactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nanotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neurobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neuroscience", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "palaeobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "pharmacology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "proteomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quantum physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science news", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "signal transduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "structural biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "systems biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transcriptomics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "H93FGFNH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-06T16:25:33Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:17:24Z" } }, { "key": "2XM6F3AB", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/2XM6F3AB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/2XM6F3AB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lordkipanidze et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-04-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2XM6F3AB", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Anthropology: The earliest toothless hominin skull", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Lordkipanidze" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Abesalom", "lastName": "Vekua" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Reid", "lastName": "Ferring" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. Philip", "lastName": "Rightmire" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jordi", "lastName": "Agusti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gocha", "lastName": "Kiladze" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alexander", "lastName": "Mouskhelishvili" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Medea", "lastName": "Nioradze" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marcia S. Ponce de", "lastName": "León" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martha", "lastName": "Tappen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christoph P. E.", "lastName": "Zollikofer" } ], "abstractNote": "The site of Dmanisi in the Eurasian republic of Georgia has yielded striking hominin, faunal and archaeological material as evidence for the presence of early Homo outside Africa 1.77 million years ago, documenting an important episode in human evolution. Here we describe a beautifully preserved skull and jawbone from a Dmanisi hominin of this period who had lost all but one tooth several years before death. This specimen not only represents the earliest case of severe masticatory impairment in the hominin fossil record to be discovered so far, but also raises questions about alternative subsistence strategies in early Homo.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "04/06/2005", "volume": "434", "issue": "7034", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "717-718", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1038/434717b", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v434/n7034/abs/434717b.html", "accessDate": "2012-11-12T04:02:48Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Anthropology", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2005 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astronomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astrophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biochemistry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bioinformatics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cancer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell signalling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "climate change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computational biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developmental biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "drug discovery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "earth science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environmental science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolutionary biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "functional genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genetics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "geophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "immunology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "interdisciplinary science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "marine biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "materials science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medical research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "metabolomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular interactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nanotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neurobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neuroscience", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "palaeobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "pharmacology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "proteomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quantum physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science news", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "signal transduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "structural biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "systems biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transcriptomics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-12T04:02:48Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:17:24Z" } }, { "key": "MPN93VGC", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/MPN93VGC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/MPN93VGC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Shen et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-03-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MPN93VGC", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Age of Zhoukoudian Homo erectus determined with 26Al/10Be burial dating", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Guanjun", "lastName": "Shen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xing", "lastName": "Gao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bin", "lastName": "Gao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Darryl E.", "lastName": "Granger" } ], "abstractNote": "The age of Zhoukoudian Homo erectus, commonly known as ‘Peking Man’, has long been pursued, but has remained problematic owing to the lack of suitable dating methods. Here we report cosmogenic 26Al/10Be burial dating of quartz sediments and artefacts from the lower strata of Locality 1 in the southwestern suburb of Beijing, China, where early representatives of Zhoukoudian Homo erectus were discovered. This study marks the first radioisotopic dating of any early hominin site in China beyond the range of mass spectrometric U-series dating. The weighted mean of six meaningful age measurements, 0.77 ± 0.08 million years (Myr, mean ± s.e.m.), provides the best age estimate for lower cultural layers 7–10. Together with previously reported U-series dating of speleothem calcite and palaeomagnetic stratigraphy, as well as sedimentological considerations, these layers may be further correlated to S6–S7 in Chinese loess stratigraphy or marine isotope stages (MIS) 17–19, in the range of ~0.68 to 0.78 Myr ago. These ages are substantially older than previously supposed and may imply early hominin’s presence at the site in northern China through a relatively mild glacial period corresponding to MIS 18.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2009-03-12", "volume": "458", "issue": "7235", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "198-200", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1038/nature07741", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7235/full/nature07741.html", "accessDate": "2012-11-12T05:21:55Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2009 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astronomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astrophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biochemistry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bioinformatics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cancer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell signalling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "climate change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computational biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developmental biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "drug discovery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "earth science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environmental science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolutionary biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "functional genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genetics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "geophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "immunology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "interdisciplinary science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "marine biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "materials science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medical research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "metabolomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular interactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nanotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neurobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neuroscience", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "palaeobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "pharmacology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "proteomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quantum physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science news", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "signal transduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "structural biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "systems biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transcriptomics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-12T05:21:55Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:17:24Z" } }, { "key": "TUD8PDBP", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/TUD8PDBP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/TUD8PDBP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zhu et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-09-30", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TUD8PDBP", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "New evidence on the earliest human presence at high northern latitudes in northeast Asia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. X.", "lastName": "Zhu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Potts" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Xie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. A.", "lastName": "Hoffman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. L.", "lastName": "Deng" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. D.", "lastName": "Shi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y. X.", "lastName": "Pan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H. Q.", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. P.", "lastName": "Shi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y. C.", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. H.", "lastName": "Shi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N. Q.", "lastName": "Wu" } ], "abstractNote": "The timing of early human dispersal to Asia is a central issue in the study of human evolution. Excavations in predominantly lacustrine sediments at Majuangou, Nihewan basin, north China, uncovered four layers of indisputable hominin stone tools. Here we report magnetostratigraphic results that constrain the age of the four artefact layers to an interval of nearly 340,000 yr between the Olduvai subchron and the Cobb Mountain event. The lowest layer, about 1.66 million years old (Myr), provides the oldest record of stone-tool processing of animal tissues in east Asia. The highest layer, at about 1.32 Myr, correlates with the stone tool layer at Xiaochangliang, previously considered the oldest archaeological site in this region. The findings at Majuangou indicate that the oldest known human presence in northeast Asia at 40° N is only slightly younger than that in western Asia. This result implies that a long yet rapid migration from Africa, possibly initiated during a phase of warm climate, enabled early human populations to inhabit northern latitudes of east Asia over a prolonged period.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2004-09-30", "volume": "431", "issue": "7008", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "559-562", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1038/nature02829", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v431/n7008/abs/nature02829.html", "accessDate": "2012-11-12T07:07:36Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2004 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astronomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astrophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biochemistry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bioinformatics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cancer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell signalling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "climate change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computational biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developmental biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "drug discovery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "earth science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environmental science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolutionary biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "functional genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genetics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "geophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "immunology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "interdisciplinary science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "marine biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "materials science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medical research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "metabolomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular interactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nanotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neurobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neuroscience", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "palaeobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "pharmacology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "proteomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quantum physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science news", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "signal transduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "structural biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "systems biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transcriptomics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "H93FGFNH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-12T07:07:36Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:17:24Z" } }, { "key": "T3CUM2QQ", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/T3CUM2QQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/T3CUM2QQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Spoor et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-08-09", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "T3CUM2QQ", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Implications of new early Homo fossils from Ileret, east of Lake Turkana, Kenya", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Spoor" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. G.", "lastName": "Leakey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. N.", "lastName": "Gathogo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F. H.", "lastName": "Brown" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. C.", "lastName": "Antón" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I.", "lastName": "McDougall" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Kiarie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F. K.", "lastName": "Manthi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. N.", "lastName": "Leakey" } ], "abstractNote": "Sites in eastern Africa have shed light on the emergence and early evolution of the genus Homo. The best known early hominin species, H. habilis and H. erectus, have often been interpreted as time-successive segments of a single anagenetic evolutionary lineage. The case for this was strengthened by the discovery of small early Pleistocene hominin crania from Dmanisi in Georgia that apparently provide evidence of morphological continuity between the two taxa. Here we describe two new cranial fossils from the Koobi Fora Formation, east of Lake Turkana in Kenya, that have bearing on the relationship between species of early Homo. A partial maxilla assigned to H. habilis reliably demonstrates that this species survived until later than previously recognized, making an anagenetic relationship with H. erectus unlikely. The discovery of a particularly small calvaria of H. erectus indicates that this taxon overlapped in size with H. habilis, and may have shown marked sexual dimorphism. The new fossils confirm the distinctiveness of H. habilis and H. erectus, independently of overall cranial size, and suggest that these two early taxa were living broadly sympatrically in the same lake basin for almost half a million years.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "08/09/2007", "volume": "448", "issue": "7154", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "688-691", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1038/nature05986", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/nature/journal/v448/n7154/full/nature05986.html", "accessDate": "2012-11-12T09:11:44Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2007 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astronomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astrophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biochemistry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bioinformatics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cancer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell signalling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "climate change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computational biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developmental biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "drug discovery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "earth science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environmental science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolutionary biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "functional genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genetics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "geophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "immunology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "interdisciplinary science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "marine biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "materials science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medical research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "metabolomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular interactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nanotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neurobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neuroscience", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "palaeobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "pharmacology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "proteomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quantum physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science news", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "signal transduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "structural biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "systems biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transcriptomics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "H93FGFNH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-12T09:11:44Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:17:24Z" } }, { "key": "EUAJ5VQU", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/EUAJ5VQU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/EUAJ5VQU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Shen et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-03-12", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "EUAJ5VQU", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Age of Zhoukoudian Homo erectus determined with 26Al/10Be burial dating", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Guanjun", "lastName": "Shen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xing", "lastName": "Gao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bin", "lastName": "Gao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Darryl E.", "lastName": "Granger" } ], "abstractNote": "The age of Zhoukoudian Homo erectus, commonly known as 'Peking Man', has long been pursued, but has remained problematic owing to the lack of suitable dating methods. Here we report cosmogenic 26Al/10Be burial dating of quartz sediments and artefacts from the lower strata of Locality 1 in the southwestern suburb of Beijing, China, where early representatives of Zhoukoudian Homo erectus were discovered. This study marks the first radioisotopic dating of any early hominin site in China beyond the range of mass spectrometric U-series dating. The weighted mean of six meaningful age measurements, 0.77 0.08 million years (Myr, mean s.e.m.), provides the best age estimate for lower cultural layers 7–10. Together with previously reported U-series dating of speleothem calcite and palaeomagnetic stratigraphy, as well as sedimentological considerations, these layers may be further correlated to S6–S7 in Chinese loess stratigraphy or marine isotope stages (MIS) 17–19, in the range of 0.68 to 0.78 Myr ago. These ages are substantially older than previously supposed and may imply early hominin's presence at the site in northern China through a relatively mild glacial period corresponding to MIS 18.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2009-03-12", "volume": "458", "issue": "7235", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "198-200", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1038/nature07741", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7235/full/nature07741.html", "accessDate": "2012-11-12T12:57:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2009 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astronomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astrophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biochemistry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bioinformatics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cancer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell signalling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "climate change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computational biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developmental biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "drug discovery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "earth science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environmental science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolutionary biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "functional genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genetics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "geophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "immunology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "interdisciplinary science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "marine biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "materials science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medical research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "metabolomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular interactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nanotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neurobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neuroscience", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "palaeobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "pharmacology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "proteomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quantum physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science news", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "signal transduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "structural biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "systems biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transcriptomics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "H93FGFNH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-12T12:57:19Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:17:24Z" } }, { "key": "RVQI9CH4", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/RVQI9CH4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/RVQI9CH4", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/BQKJ4RI2", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RVQI9CH4", "version": 2, "parentItem": "BQKJ4RI2", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2012-11-12T14:17:03Z", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v416/n6878/pdf/416317a.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Asfaw et al. - 2002 - Remains of Homo erectus from Bouri, Middle Awash, .pdf", "md5": "d56780c8d020a161c0da8c65fdffa2ef", "mtime": 1352729825000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-12T14:17:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:17:05Z" } }, { "key": "BQKJ4RI2", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/BQKJ4RI2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/BQKJ4RI2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Asfaw et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-03-21", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "BQKJ4RI2", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Remains of Homo erectus from Bouri, Middle Awash, Ethiopia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Berhane", "lastName": "Asfaw" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. Henry", "lastName": "Gilbert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yonas", "lastName": "Beyene" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "William K.", "lastName": "Hart" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul R.", "lastName": "Renne" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giday", "lastName": "WoldeGabriel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elisabeth S.", "lastName": "Vrba" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tim D.", "lastName": "White" } ], "abstractNote": "The genesis, evolution and fate of Homo erectus have been explored palaeontologically since the taxon's recognition in the late nineteenth century. Current debate is focused on whether early representatives from Kenya and Georgia should be classified as a separate ancestral species ('H. ergaster'), and whether H. erectus was an exclusively Asian species lineage that went extinct. Lack of resolution of these issues has obscured the place of H. erectus in human evolution. A hominid calvaria and postcranial remains recently recovered from the Dakanihylo Member of the Bouri Formation, Middle Awash, Ethiopia, bear directly on these issues. These 1.0-million-year (Myr)-old Pleistocene sediments contain abundant early Acheulean stone tools and a diverse vertebrate fauna that indicates a predominantly savannah environment. Here we report that the 'Daka' calvaria's metric and morphological attributes centre it firmly within H. erectus. Daka's resemblance to Asian counterparts indicates that the early African and Eurasian fossil hominids represent demes of a widespread palaeospecies. Daka's anatomical intermediacy between earlier and later African fossils provides evidence of evolutionary change. Its temporal and geographic position indicates that African H. erectus was the ancestor of Homo sapiens.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2002-03-21", "volume": "416", "issue": "6878", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "317-320", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1038/416317a", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v416/n6878/abs/416317a.html", "accessDate": "2012-11-12T14:17:03Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2002 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astronomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "astrophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biochemistry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bioinformatics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cancer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cell signalling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "climate change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computational biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developmental biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "drug discovery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "earth science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environmental science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolutionary biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "functional genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genetics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "geophysics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "immunology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "interdisciplinary science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "marine biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "materials science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medical research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "metabolomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "molecular interactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nanotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neurobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neuroscience", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "palaeobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "pharmacology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "proteomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quantum physics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science news", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "science policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "signal transduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "structural biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "systems biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transcriptomics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "H93FGFNH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-12T14:17:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:17:03Z" } }, { "key": "PBBTNARZ", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 92700, "name": "Out of Africa, Migrations of Homo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/92700/items/PBBTNARZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/out_of_africa_migrations_of_homo/items/PBBTNARZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 698849, "username": "scastedo", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/scastedo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "L Hurcombe", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PBBTNARZ", "version": 2, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "The stone artefacts from the Pabbi Hills", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "L Hurcombe" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Early Hominin Landscapes in Northern Pakistan: Investigations in the Pabbi Hills", "series": "British Archaeological Reports International Series", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "1265", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2004", "publisher": "", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "222-292", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "H93FGFNH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-12T14:14:52Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-12T14:16:17Z" } } ]