[ { "key": "XYC334KL", "version": 22, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/XYC334KL", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/XYC334KL", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 910000, "username": "sashab", "name": "Sasha", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sashab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Howarth", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XYC334KL", "version": 22, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A bridge to nowhere: methane emissions and the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert W.", "lastName": "Howarth" } ], "abstractNote": "In April 2011, we published the first peer-reviewed analysis of the greenhouse gas footprint (GHG) of shale gas, concluding that the climate impact of shale gas may be worse than that of other fossil fuels such as coal and oil because of methane emissions. We noted the poor quality of publicly available data to support our analysis and called for further research. Our paper spurred a large increase in research and analysis, including several new studies that have better measured methane emissions from natural gas systems. Here, I review this new research in the context of our 2011 paper and the fifth assessment from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released in 2013. The best data available now indicate that our estimates of methane emission from both shale gas and conventional natural gas were relatively robust. Using these new, best available data and a 20-year time period for comparing the warming potential of methane to carbon dioxide, the conclusion stands that both shale gas and conventional natural gas have a larger GHG than do coal or oil, for any possible use of natural gas and particularly for the primary uses of residential and commercial heating. The 20-year time period is appropriate because of the urgent need to reduce methane emissions over the coming 15–35 years.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Science & Engineering", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014", "volume": "2", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "47-60", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/ese3.35", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ese3.35", "accessDate": "2019-04-01T15:48:36Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2050-0505", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "A bridge to nowhere", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2014 The Author. Energy Science & Engineering published by the Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Greenhouse gas footprint", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "methane emissions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "natural gas", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "shale gas", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-04-01T15:48:36Z", "dateModified": "2019-04-01T15:48:36Z" } }, { "key": "RIFQ684W", "version": 22, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/RIFQ684W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/RIFQ684W", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/AMIRW3DI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 910000, "username": "sashab", "name": "Sasha", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sashab", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "RIFQ684W", "version": 22, "parentItem": "AMIRW3DI", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2019-04-01T15:48:16Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29930092", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-04-01T15:48:16Z", "dateModified": "2019-04-01T15:48:16Z" } }, { "key": "AMIRW3DI", "version": 22, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/AMIRW3DI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/AMIRW3DI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 910000, "username": "sashab", "name": "Sasha", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sashab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Alvarez et al.", "parsedDate": "2018-07-13", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "AMIRW3DI", "version": 22, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessment of methane emissions from the U.S. oil and gas supply chain", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ramón A.", "lastName": "Alvarez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel", "lastName": "Zavala-Araiza" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David R.", "lastName": "Lyon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David T.", "lastName": "Allen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zachary R.", "lastName": "Barkley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Adam R.", "lastName": "Brandt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kenneth J.", "lastName": "Davis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Scott C.", "lastName": "Herndon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel J.", "lastName": "Jacob" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anna", "lastName": "Karion" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eric A.", "lastName": "Kort" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brian K.", "lastName": "Lamb" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas", "lastName": "Lauvaux" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joannes D.", "lastName": "Maasakkers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anthony J.", "lastName": "Marchese" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark", "lastName": "Omara" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen W.", "lastName": "Pacala" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeff", "lastName": "Peischl" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Allen L.", "lastName": "Robinson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul B.", "lastName": "Shepson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Colm", "lastName": "Sweeney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amy", "lastName": "Townsend-Small" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steven C.", "lastName": "Wofsy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steven P.", "lastName": "Hamburg" } ], "abstractNote": "A leaky endeavor\nConsiderable amounts of the greenhouse gas methane leak from the U.S. oil and natural gas supply chain. Alvarez et al. reassessed the magnitude of this leakage and found that in 2015, supply chain emissions were ∼60% higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency inventory estimate. They suggest that this discrepancy exists because current inventory methods miss emissions that occur during abnormal operating conditions. These data, and the methodology used to obtain them, could improve and verify international inventories of greenhouse gases and provide a better understanding of mitigation efforts outlined by the Paris Agreement.\nScience, this issue p. 186\nMethane emissions from the U.S. oil and natural gas supply chain were estimated by using ground-based, facility-scale measurements and validated with aircraft observations in areas accounting for ~30% of U.S. gas production. When scaled up nationally, our facility-based estimate of 2015 supply chain emissions is 13 ± 2 teragrams per year, equivalent to 2.3% of gross U.S. gas production. This value is ~60% higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency inventory estimate, likely because existing inventory methods miss emissions released during abnormal operating conditions. Methane emissions of this magnitude, per unit of natural gas consumed, produce radiative forcing over a 20-year time horizon comparable to the CO2 from natural gas combustion. Substantial emission reductions are feasible through rapid detection of the root causes of high emissions and deployment of less failure-prone systems.\nMethane leakage from the U.S. oil and natural gas supply chain is much greater than previously estimated.\nMethane leakage from the U.S. oil and natural gas supply chain is much greater than previously estimated.", "publicationTitle": "Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2018/07/13", "volume": "361", "issue": "6398", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "186-188", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1126/science.aar7204", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6398/186", "accessDate": "2019-04-01T15:48:15Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0036-8075, 1095-9203", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "science.sciencemag.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. http://www.sciencemag.org/about/science-licenses-journal-article-reuseThis is an article distributed under the terms of the Science Journals Default License.", "extra": "PMID: 29930092", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-04-01T15:48:15Z", "dateModified": "2019-04-01T15:48:15Z" } }, { "key": "B337UGWT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/B337UGWT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/B337UGWT", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/H5ZVBKXI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 910000, "username": "sashab", "name": "Sasha", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sashab", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "B337UGWT", "version": 1, "parentItem": "H5ZVBKXI", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "EBSCO Record", "accessDate": "2012-09-17T22:58:41Z", "url": "https://login.watzekpx.lclark.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=57318979&site=ehost-live&scope=site&scope=cite", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z" } }, { "key": "TETTDD5H", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": 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"dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z" } }, { "key": "FTRJ9GBV", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/FTRJ9GBV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/FTRJ9GBV", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/GH4IJWRI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 910000, "username": "sashab", "name": "Sasha", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sashab", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "FTRJ9GBV", "version": 1, "parentItem": "GH4IJWRI", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "EBSCO Record", "accessDate": "2012-09-17T23:02:14Z", "url": "https://login.watzekpx.lclark.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=8124336&site=ehost-live&scope=site&scope=cite", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z" } }, { "key": "299E7IW7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/299E7IW7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/299E7IW7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/6JR3I6N4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 910000, "username": "sashab", "name": "Sasha", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sashab", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "299E7IW7", "version": 1, "parentItem": "6JR3I6N4", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "EBSCO Record", "accessDate": "2012-09-17T22:39:38Z", "url": "https://login.watzekpx.lclark.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=61439061&site=ehost-live&scope=site&scope=cite", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/45298/items/3QRT7FTS" }, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z" } }, { "key": "H5ZVBKXI", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/H5ZVBKXI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/H5ZVBKXI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 910000, "username": "sashab", "name": "Sasha", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sashab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Weih et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-02", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "H5ZVBKXI", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessment of nutrient use in annual and perennial crops: A functional concept for analyzing nitrogen use efficiency", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martin", "lastName": "Weih" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Linnéa", "lastName": "Asplund" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Göran", "lastName": "Bergkvist" } ], "abstractNote": "The use of more nutrient-efficient crops is important for maintaining yields while enhancing environmental sustainability. Various approaches are being applied to evaluate aspects of plant nutrient use efficiency, among them ecological concepts based on accumulation and losses of biomass and nutrients, agronomic concepts with a major focus on agricultural crops and harvested products, and physiological approaches assessing single physiological processes important for nutrient use. Unfortunately, the various approaches are often not compatible. Here we propose, with the example of nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) of cereals, to integrate the functionally important components of NUE in a common conceptual framework. We link productivity to N in crops and seeds and consider the whole life-cycle of the crop (including seeds). Three major components of NUE are separated: The N uptake efficiency, grain-specific N efficiency and grain N concentration. The three components combine to a measure of overall NUE in terms of the N yield in harvested grain per unit of N in seed grain or soil N. The concept can be applied for both annual and perennial plants, which is demonstrated with the examples of winter wheat and a perennial energy crop (Salix) grown in Central Sweden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]\nCopyright of Plant & Soil is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "Plant & Soil", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2011", "volume": "339", "issue": "1/2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "513-520", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s11104-010-0599-4", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0032079X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Assessment of nutrient use in annual and perennial crops", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "57318979", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z" } }, { "key": "IID7ICUB", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/IID7ICUB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/IID7ICUB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 910000, "username": "sashab", "name": "Sasha", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sashab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Picasso et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-12", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "IID7ICUB", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Diverse perennial crop mixtures sustain higher productivity over time based on ecological complementarity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Valentín D.", "lastName": "Picasso" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E. Charles", "lastName": "Brummer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matt", "lastName": "Liebman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philip M.", "lastName": "Dixon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brian J.", "lastName": "Wilsey" } ], "abstractNote": "Cropping systems that rely on renewable energy and resources and are based on ecological principles could be more stable and productive into the future than current monoculture systems with serious unintended environmental consequences such as soil erosion and water pollution. In nonagricultural systems, communities with higher species diversity have higher productivity and provide other ecosystem services. However, communities of well-adapted crop species selected for biomass production may respond differently to increasing diversity. Diversity effects may be due to complementarity among species (complementary resource use and facilitative interactions) or positive selection effects (e.g., species with higher productivity dominate the mixture), and these effects may change over time or across environments. Our goal was to identify the ecological mechanisms causing diversity effects in a biodiversity experiment using agriculturally relevant species, and evaluate the implications for the design of sustainable cropping systems. We seeded seven perennial forage species in a replicated field experiment at two locations in Iowa, USA, and evaluated biomass productivity of monocultures and two- to six-species mixtures over 3 years after the establishment year under management systems of contrasting intensity: one or three harvests per year. Productivity increased with seeded species richness in all environments, and the positive relationship did not change over time. Polyculture overyielding was due to complementarity among species in the community rather than to selection effects of individual species. Complementarity increased as a log-linear function of species richness in all environments, and this trend was consistent across years. Legume–grass facilitation may explain much of this complementarity effect. Although individual species with high biomass production had a major effect on productivity of mixtures, the species producing the highest biomass in monoculture changed over the years in most environments. Furthermore, transgressive overyielding was observed and was more prevalent in later years, in some environments. We conclude that choosing a single well-adapted species for maximizing productivity may not be the best alternative over the long term and that high levels of species diversity should be included in the design of productive and ecologically sound agricultural systems. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]\nCopyright of Renewable Agriculture & Food Systems is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "Renewable Agriculture & Food Systems", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2011", "volume": "26", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "317-327", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1017/S1742170511000135", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "17421705", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "67085964", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/45298/items/2PZTJD8T" }, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z" } }, { "key": "EPGCCP4B", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/EPGCCP4B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/EPGCCP4B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 910000, "username": "sashab", "name": "Sasha", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sashab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lobell and Field", "parsedDate": "2011-12-02", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "EPGCCP4B", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "California perennial crops in a changing climate", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Lobell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher", "lastName": "Field" } ], "abstractNote": "Perennial crops are among the most valuable of California's diverse agricultural products. They are also potentially the most influenced by information on future climate, since individual plants are commonly grown for more than 30 years. This study evaluated the impacts of future climate changes on the 20 most valuable perennial crops in California, using a combination of statistical crop models and downscaled climate model projections. County records on crop harvests and weather from 1980 to 2005 were used to evaluate the influence of weather on yields, with a series of cross-validation and sensitivity tests used to evaluate the robustness of perceived effects. In the end, only four models appear to have a clear weather response based on historical data, with another four presenting significant but less robust relationships. Projecting impacts of climate trends to 2050 using historical relationships reveals that cherries are the only crop unambiguously threatened by warming, with no crops clearly benefiting from warming. Another robust result is that almond yields will be harmed by winter warming, although this effect may be counteracted by beneficial warming in spring and summer. Overall, the study has advanced understanding of climate impacts on California agriculture and has highlighted the importance of measuring and tracking uncertainties due to the difficulty of uncovering crop-climate relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]\nCopyright of Climatic Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "Climatic Change", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2, 2011", "volume": "109", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "317-333", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s10584-011-0303-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01650009", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "70071492", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z" } }, { "key": "DWDPXK2T", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, 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"contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z" } }, { "key": "TJ6MXQSK", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/TJ6MXQSK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/TJ6MXQSK", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/IC9M6J26", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 910000, "username": "sashab", "name": "Sasha", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sashab", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "TJ6MXQSK", "version": 1, "parentItem": "IC9M6J26", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "EBSCO Record", "accessDate": "2012-09-17T22:52:21Z", "url": "https://login.watzekpx.lclark.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=27706482&site=ehost-live&scope=site&scope=cite", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z" } }, { "key": "GH4IJWRI", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/GH4IJWRI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/GH4IJWRI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 910000, "username": "sashab", "name": "Sasha", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sashab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Macedo et al.", "parsedDate": "1999-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "GH4IJWRI", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Subsoil accumulation of mineral nitrogen under polyculture and monoculture plantations, fallow and primary forest in a ferralitic Amazonian upland soil", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. L.V.", "lastName": "Macedo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. F.", "lastName": "de Silva" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. G.", "lastName": "Teixeira" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Seixas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Schroth" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W.", "lastName": "Zech" } ], "abstractNote": "Central Amazonia is characterized by high and intensive rainfall andpermeable soils. When rainforests are cleared for agricultural use, the efficient nutrient recycling mechanisms of the forests are disrupted and the nutrient availability in the topsoil is increased by fertilization, thereby increasing the potential for nutrient leaching. Inthis study, the distribution of mineral N in the upper two meters ofa ferralitic upland soil was evaluated as an indicator for nutrient leaching and for the potential contribution of the subsoil to crop nutrition. A perennial polyculture system with four tree crops and a leguminous cover crop at two fertilization levels was compared with a monoculture plantation of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes), spontaneous fallow and primary rainforest. Mineral N accumulated principally as nitrate in the subsoil under all agricultural crops and also under the primary forest, although to a lesser extent. Within the polyculture system, there were significant differences in N accumulation between the tree crop species, and for one of the species (Theobroma grandiflorum) also between fertilization levels. The principal sources of subsoil N were mineral fertilizer and presumably N from the mineralization of leguminous biomass and soil organic matter. The N losses from the agricultural systems and the absence of yield responses of the treecrops to N fertilization indicated that agricultural production was not limited by N at this site, or that N was too rapidly leached to be taken up efficiently by the crops. None of the tree crop species seemed to be efficient in capturing leached N. Strategies are discussedfor reducing N losses from agricultural systems with perennial crops, including the development of site- and species-specific fertilizer recommendations, closer tree spacing, and the encouragement of lateral and vertical tree root development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]\nCopyright of Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 1999", "volume": "75", "issue": "1/2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "109", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01678809", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "8124336", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z" } }, { "key": "K78TT3HW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/K78TT3HW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/K78TT3HW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 910000, "username": "sashab", "name": "Sasha", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sashab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lychnaras and Schneider", "parsedDate": "2011-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "K78TT3HW", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Multi-farm economic analysis of perennial energy crops in Central Greece, taking into account the CAP reform", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vassilis", "lastName": "Lychnaras" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Uwe A.", "lastName": "Schneider" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract: This study analyses farm level economic impacts of biomass production from perennial crops including Arundo donax L. (arundo), Miscanthus x giganteus (miscanthus), Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass) and Cynara cardunculus L. (cardoon). Regional biomass supply curves are estimated with a dynamic, multi-farm, mathematical programming model. Micro-economic data for the model are generated from farm surveys covering 52 farms containing a total of 400 parcels, in Central Greece. The study also examines the potential effects of the Common Agricultural Policy reform in 2003 on regional biomass supply. Simulations show that the policy reform toward decoupled subsidies lowers the cost of biomass between 15 and 25 euro per tonne. Switchgrass appears to be the most attractive option, followed by cardoon and miscanthus. Due to high specific machinery cost, arundo is never preferred. Relative to the agricultural policy setting of Agenda 2000, the biomass potential increases more for farms of small economic size and farms with a higher share of cotton. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]\nCopyright of Biomass & Bioenergy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "Biomass & Bioenergy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 2011", "volume": "35", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "700-715", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.10.014", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "09619534", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "57251847", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z" } }, { "key": "6JR3I6N4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/6JR3I6N4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/6JR3I6N4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 910000, "username": "sashab", "name": "Sasha", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sashab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Griffith et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-06", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "6JR3I6N4", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A Comparison of Perennial Polycuftures and Monocultures for Producing Biomass for Biorefmnery Feedstock", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew P.", "lastName": "Griffith" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francis M.", "lastName": "Epplin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Samuel D.", "lastName": "Fuhlendorf" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Gillen" } ], "abstractNote": "Before planting millions of hectares to switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) monocultures for producing biomass feedstock for biorefineries, it has been proposed that monocultures be tested against polycultures so, among other issues, the economics of both systems can be compared. This research was conducted to determine the lowest cost lignocellulosic biomass feedstock production system from among four monocultures and four polycultures. Randomized complete block designs with four replications were established at two Oklahoma locations. Plots were managed to represent anticipated production activities if perennial species were established in a low input system and harvested once a year to produce biorefinery feedstock. The four monocultures included switchgrass, sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii Hack.), Old World bluestem (OWB) (Bothriochloa ischaemum L. Keng), and big bluestem (A. gerardii Vitman). The four polycultures included mixtures of four grasses, four grasses and four forbs, eight grasses and eight forbs, and OWB with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Plots were harvested once a year for 3 yr. For every treatment that included a mix of species, a dominant species emerged by the third harvest, suggesting that over time these treatments may not differ greatly from monocultures with minor representation of other species. The average yield was 4.6 Mg ha-1yr-1 for treat- ments seeded as monocultures at one location compared with 4.0 Mg ha-1yr-1 for the treatments seeded as polycultures. At the second location, monocultures averaged 7.9 Mg ha-1yr-1 and polycultures 6.5 Mg ha-1yr-1. Economics favored monocultures for the location and environmental conditions that occurred during the time period studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]\nCopyright of Agronomy Journal is the property of American Society of Agronomy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "Agronomy Journal", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jun 2011", "volume": "103", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "617-627", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2134/agronj2010.0336", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00021962", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "61439061", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/45298/items/F9S7V5TJ" }, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z" } }, { "key": "G3TPXZP9", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/G3TPXZP9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/G3TPXZP9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 910000, "username": "sashab", "name": "Sasha", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sashab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Glover et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-04-15", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "G3TPXZP9", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Harvested perennial grasslands provide ecological benchmarks for agricultural sustainability", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jerry D.", "lastName": "Glover" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steve W.", "lastName": "Culman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. Tianna", "lastName": "DuPont" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Whitney", "lastName": "Broussard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lauren", "lastName": "Young" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Margaret E.", "lastName": "Mangan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John G.", "lastName": "Mai" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Timothy E.", "lastName": "Crews" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lee R.", "lastName": "DeHaan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel H.", "lastName": "Buckley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Howard", "lastName": "Ferris" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. Eugene", "lastName": "Turner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Heather L.", "lastName": "Reynolds" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Donald L.", "lastName": "Wyse" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract: Perennial vegetation can provide multiple ecosystem services essential for sustainable production more effectively than production systems based on annual crops. However, the ability of annually harvested, unfertilized perennial systems to sustain long-term yields while also maintaining ecosystem services has not been widely studied. Here we compare the impacts of harvested perennial grass and annual crop fields on ecosystem functioning in KS, USA. Despite the lack of mineral fertilizer applications, the aboveground harvests of perennial fields yielded similar levels of N compared to those of conventional high-input wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields and at only 8% of the in-field energy costs. Their 75-yr cumulative N yield per ha was approximately 23% greater than that from the region''s wheat fields. In terms of aboveground food webs, perennial fields harboured greater numbers and/or diversity of insect pollinators, herbivores and detritivores. Belowground, perennial grass fields maintained 43Mgha−1 more soil carbon and 4Mgha−1 more soil nitrogen than annual crop fields in the surface 1m. Soil food webs in perennial fields, as indicated by nematode communities, exhibited greater food web complexity and stability than did those in annual crop fields. In surrounding watersheds, increased annual cropland was correlated with higher riverine nitrate-nitrogen levels. Given their benefits, harvested perennial grasslands provide valuable ecological benchmarks for agricultural sustainability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]\nCopyright of Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 15, 2010", "volume": "137", "issue": "1/2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3-12", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.11.001", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01678809", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "49107775", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z" } }, { "key": "IC9M6J26", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/IC9M6J26", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/IC9M6J26", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 910000, "username": "sashab", "name": "Sasha", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sashab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cox et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "IC9M6J26", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Research Priorities in Natural Systems Agriculture", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T. S.", "lastName": "Cox" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Picone" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W.", "lastName": "Jackson" } ], "abstractNote": "Over the course of millennia and most dramatically in recent years, agriculture has eroded natural capital as it has supplied human demands. These tendencies can be offset by infusions of fossil fuels for fertility, pest control and traction, but only partially and not over the long term. This could be called the “problem of agriculture,” in contrast to problems in agriculture. Natural ecosystems are unmatched for efficient nutrient recycling, solar energy use, and biodiversity preservation, but they cannot feed dense human populations. An ecological agriculture that is a synthesis of natural and agricultural systems can save soils from erosion and reduce chemical and water use. Reducing chemical pollution of air, water and soils will conserve wildlife habitat, improve water quantity and quality and protect human health. By practicing an agriculture that has conservation as a direct result, farmers can become better stewards of the land. Lower input costs and inherent sustained soil fertility will mean more profit for farmers and communities. Principles of natural systems agriculture (NSA) are applicable to any food- or fiber- production system worldwide. In the central Great Plains of the United States, agriculture should mimic the native prairie, which is a polyculture of herbaceous perennial plants. The Land Institute has spent 25 years studying the structure and function of prairies. Now we and other research organizations are breeding perennial grain crops, including cool- and warm-season grasses, legumes, and composites. We are following two parallel strategies: selecting wild perennials for greater seed production and other traits of domestication and hybridizing wild perennials with annual crops to combine desired traits. Although the breeding process will take many years, the effort will be repaid many times over if we achieve our goal: a lasting solution to the 10,000- syear-old problem of agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]\nCopyright of Journal of Crop Improvement is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Crop Improvement", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2004", "volume": "12", "issue": "1/2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "511", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1300/J411v12n01•10", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "15427528", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "27706482", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:02:38Z" } }, { "key": "27ESHTDC", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, 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[], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:01:50Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:01:50Z" } }, { "key": "E9K7547J", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/E9K7547J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/E9K7547J", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1115162, "username": "annarose812", "name": "Anna Daggett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/annarose812", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ray", "parsedDate": "1995", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "E9K7547J", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Perennial polyculture as an assembled plant community", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tina", "lastName": "Ray" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Land Report", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Fall 1995", "volume": "", "issue": "54", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "35", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "10931171", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "8149673", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:01:50Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:01:50Z" } }, { "key": "93WNS38W", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/93WNS38W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/93WNS38W", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/E9K7547J", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1115162, "username": "annarose812", "name": "Anna Daggett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/annarose812", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "93WNS38W", "version": 1, "parentItem": "E9K7547J", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "EBSCO Record", "accessDate": "2012-09-17T23:01:50Z", "url": "https://login.watzekpx.lclark.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=8149673&site=ehost-live&scope=site&scope=cite", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:01:50Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:01:50Z" } }, { "key": "8RQID59B", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/8RQID59B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/8RQID59B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1116577, "username": "kenziefeelin", "name": "McKenzie", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenziefeelin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wagoner and Schaeffer", "parsedDate": "1990", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "8RQID59B", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Perennial grain development: Past efforts and potential for the future", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peggy", "lastName": "Wagoner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jurgen R.", "lastName": "Schaeffer" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract The development of perennial grains has the potential to provide environmentally sound, economically viable alternatives for use on erodible land where annual crop production is not sustainable. The concept of perennial grain production is not new. Historically, seeds of perennial grasses have been used as grain by various human cultures. In this paper, efforts to develop perennial grain crops which were initiated during the 20th century are discussed. These include attempts by the Soviets and Europeans to perennialize annual grains such as wheat and rye. More recently, efforts in the U.S. inspired by the publication of Dr. Wes Jackson's book, New Roots for Agriculture,1,2 have focused upon the domestication of perennial grass species. The advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches to perennial grain development are discussed. Specific examples are given with the hope that future efforts can benefit from experiences of the past and present.", "publicationTitle": "Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1990", "volume": "9", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "381-408", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/07352689009382298", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07352689009382298", "accessDate": "2012-09-17T23:00:36Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0735-2689", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Perennial grain development", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:00:36Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:00:36Z" } }, { "key": "PCM7EHHC", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 89441, "name": "Climate Change Impacts on Rural Agriculture", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/PCM7EHHC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impacts_on_rural_agriculture/items/PCM7EHHC", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/89441/items/8RQID59B", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1116577, "username": "kenziefeelin", "name": "McKenzie", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenziefeelin", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "PCM7EHHC", "version": 1, "parentItem": "8RQID59B", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-09-17T23:00:36Z", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07352689009382298", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-17T23:00:36Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-17T23:00:36Z" } } ]