[ { "key": "QSUII7PV", "version": 6839, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/QSUII7PV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/QSUII7PV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5045751, "username": "michaelsheehy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/michaelsheehy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tang et al.", "parsedDate": "2022-05-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QSUII7PV", "version": 6839, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effortless training of attention and self-control: mechanisms and applications", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yi-Yuan", "lastName": "Tang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rongxiang", "lastName": "Tang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael I.", "lastName": "Posner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James J.", "lastName": "Gross" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Trends in Cognitive Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2022-05-07", "volume": "0", "issue": "0", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Trends in Cognitive Sciences", "DOI": "10.1016/j.tics.2022.04.006", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/abstract/S1364-6613(22)00090-0", "accessDate": "2022-06-08T12:45:10Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1364-6613, 1879-307X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Effortless training of attention and self-control", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "www.cell.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "Publisher: Elsevier", "tags": [ { "tag": "attention", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "attention balanced state", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "effortless training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "parasympathetic nervous system", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "self-control", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2022-06-08T12:45:45Z", "dateModified": "2022-06-08T12:45:45Z" } }, { "key": "VQSXQ39N", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/VQSXQ39N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/VQSXQ39N", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/FM5V8IWA", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VQSXQ39N", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "FM5V8IWA", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Barsalou (2010b) reviews the past research regarding grounded cognition and makes some predictions for the future.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T15:30:07Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T15:30:12Z" } }, { "key": "KFARTESS", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/KFARTESS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/KFARTESS", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/IR9FNGNP", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KFARTESS", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "IR9FNGNP", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Pezzulo (2011) presents current and future steps toward mechanistic theories of embodiment.  The practical applications and interactions with environment are intriguing, but this article has few direct connections to contemplation.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T15:29:27Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T15:29:33Z" } }, { "key": "XV5XV6VB", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/XV5XV6VB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/XV5XV6VB", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/PEA2DTT8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XV5XV6VB", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "PEA2DTT8", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Santos (2011) studies the neurological mechanisms of property generation (i.e. “feature listing”). Two experiments performed here, in conjunction with Simmons et al. (2008) go to show that two asynchronic processes occur during property generation: initially, properties originate in word association, but then increasingly originate in situated simulation.  These results indicate the importance of simulation (vis-a-vis Barsalou's LASS theory) in property generation tasks.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T15:29:08Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T15:29:14Z" } }, { "key": "683BZU7N", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/683BZU7N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/683BZU7N", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/ZP5SZWTM", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "683BZU7N", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "ZP5SZWTM", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Wilson-Mendenhall (2011) attempts to show how conceptualization produces emotion. By measuring and comparing the neural activity of four valences (two emotional, two non-emotional), this study found that the neural activity of these four scenarios are quite similar in that they require contextual background and multi-component activation in order to occur.  A weakness of this study is that it is difficult to asses how successful the visualization exercises were (ie, were the participants really experiencing fear/anger as they were supposed to do?).

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T15:28:51Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T15:28:57Z" } }, { "key": "SGXPSQ64", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/SGXPSQ64", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/SGXPSQ64", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/8PJFUTG7", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SGXPSQ64", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "8PJFUTG7", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Gendron (2012) tests the effect of emotion concepts on perception and, as a result, offers a \"construction hypothesis.\" The emotional conceptions of participants was altered using \"semantic satiation\" and, as a result, they were unable to quickly identify the emotional content of emotionally valenced faces.  The authors interpret these findings to show that the emotional content of faces is a conceptual construct used to communicate emotion.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T15:28:27Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T15:28:33Z" } }, { "key": "ZJAECI48", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/ZJAECI48", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/ZJAECI48", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/4KU2KDH4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZJAECI48", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "4KU2KDH4", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Hasenkamp (2012b) attempts to classify a cycle of mind wandering, awareness, shifting, and focusing using MRI data.  This study showed neural activity for the latter three states, and a different neural pattern for mind wandering.  Although other physiological factors may have influenced these findings, a general pattern of more experience meditating and less neural activity was also noticed.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T15:28:06Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T15:28:12Z" } }, { "key": "WMQDNA98", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/WMQDNA98", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/WMQDNA98", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/5G3P3W5G", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WMQDNA98", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "5G3P3W5G", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Hasenkamp (2012a) in conjunction with Hasenkamp (2012b) aims to display neural signatures for various meditative states.  The study outlined four distinct phases of focused awareness meditation and attempted to correlate neural patterns with these phases.  The results imply that practitioners with more experience had greater activity in attention regions, even when not meditating.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T15:27:43Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T15:27:49Z" } }, { "key": "V2CR572R", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/V2CR572R", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/V2CR572R", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/6BJEWZZ3", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "V2CR572R", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "6BJEWZZ3", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Papies (2012) studied the effects of mindfulness as a technique for preventing impulses toward attractive food.  The crux of their argument is that mindfulness will help participants see desire for food as a \"transient mental event\" and thereby curb desires.  These findings were elaborated upon in later Papies studies.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T15:22:40Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T15:22:47Z" } }, { "key": "KUVXSZCK", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/KUVXSZCK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/KUVXSZCK", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/D6X2M9CT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KUVXSZCK", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "D6X2M9CT", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Pezzulo (2013) presents computational grounded cognition, an alliance between grounded cognition and computational modeling.  The author essentially seeks to find a link between grounded cognition theory and cognitive robotics in order to design a model that could be empirically tested for efficacy.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T15:21:00Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T15:21:07Z" } }, { "key": "PFKREENQ", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/PFKREENQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/PFKREENQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/JH5UH44G", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PFKREENQ", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "JH5UH44G", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Barsalou (2013) argues for a theory of mirroring (mimesis?) that is grounded in cognitive patterns; specifically, situated conceptualizations. The implications of this theory for ritual are intriguing.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T15:20:17Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T15:20:25Z" } }, { "key": "2QAC3ED8", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/2QAC3ED8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/2QAC3ED8", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/SMMJVPES", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2QAC3ED8", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "SMMJVPES", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Wilson-Mendenhall (2013c) presents neural evidence that sadness, fear, and happiness experiences share core affective properties. The neural images showed the integration of external sensory information with internal homeostatic and interoceptive information, in the context of prior experience.  Thus, different emotions appear to share core affective properties that are affected by contextual valences.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T15:19:01Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T15:19:06Z" } }, { "key": "DZU65PW2", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/DZU65PW2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/DZU65PW2", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/ZJMKFFUK", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DZU65PW2", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "ZJMKFFUK", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Wilson-Mendenhall (2013b) tested the Barsalou lab notion of situated conceptualization by training participants in visualization techniques (immersion) and then tested their neural responses.  The study found consistent results across participants for distributed MRI patterns unique to each emotional scenario.  These results suggest that the brain realizes immersion differently depending on the situation.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T15:18:38Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T15:18:45Z" } }, { "key": "CKBAEGPU", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/CKBAEGPU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/CKBAEGPU", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/MPVIV9TA", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CKBAEGPU", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "MPVIV9TA", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Wilson-Mendenhall (2013a) tested the neural correlates for the abstract concepts of \"convince\" and \"arithmetic\" and found that, like concrete concepts, these abstract concepts evince distributed neural patterns that reflect their semantic content.  These findings illustrate the need for understanding the context of semantic content in order to understand how they are interpreted and understood in the human mind.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T15:18:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T15:18:23Z" } }, { "key": "9F2VK99Q", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/9F2VK99Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/9F2VK99Q", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/MPGTX6HI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9F2VK99Q", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "MPGTX6HI", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Wilson-Mendenhall (2015) tested the efficiency of brain processing for typical emotional categories (e.g., unpleasant fear of violent threat) vs. atypical emotional categories (e.g., pleasant fear of thrill-seeking).  The study begins with a quote from James referring to the variability within emotional categories and go on to display this notion using MRI.  The results show that atypical emotional categories require more processing and, therefore, are a more complex category of emotion.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T15:16:59Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T15:17:05Z" } }, { "key": "TM7XS7FJ", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/TM7XS7FJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/TM7XS7FJ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/6WTDM3MP", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TM7XS7FJ", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "6WTDM3MP", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Vago (2011a) compares attentional bias, attentional processing, and the effects of mindfulness meditation on attentional bias in fibromyalgia patients.  The study found that the meditation group were less threatened by negatively valenced words and more responsive in the response test. The authors propose that this data supports the role of mindfulness in developing a non-judgmental attitude.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T14:30:07Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T14:30:13Z" } }, { "key": "8BZDJW9F", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/8BZDJW9F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/8BZDJW9F", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/W36IJXJN", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8BZDJW9F", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "W36IJXJN", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Min (2011) tests the impact of low-intensity, pulsed sonication of focused ultrasound (FUS) on dopamine and serotonin levels in the brains of rats. The study found that the treatment group of rats had higher levels of extracellular dopamine and serotonin and, as a result of these findings, the authors propose that focused ultrasound (FUS) is a safe brain-mapping technique for humans.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T14:29:26Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T14:29:31Z" } }, { "key": "ZD6BRPJD", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/ZD6BRPJD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/ZD6BRPJD", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/GAHDCHHM", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZD6BRPJD", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "GAHDCHHM", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Holzel (2011) is a meta-analysis that attempts to integrate existing literature on mindfulness meditation into a comprehensive theoretical framework. Ultimately the study seeks to isolate the different components of mindfulness meditation and assess their potential psychological benefits.  In doing so, the hope is that these understandings could then be utilized in more specific therapeutic contexts.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T14:29:05Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T14:29:10Z" } }, { "key": "JX23PR4C", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/JX23PR4C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/JX23PR4C", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/7FJK2TTP", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JX23PR4C", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "7FJK2TTP", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Vago (2012) aims to create a model for the system of neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness via the heuristic framework of self-awareness, -regulation , and -transcendence (S-ART).  This appears to be an attempt at reconciling differences in contemporary understandings of mindfulness as well as with \"classical Buddhist\" understandings.  Although the review of contemporary literature is insightful, the review of classical or historical perspectives is far from thorough. In the end, the S-ART heuristic framework is a convenient summary of contemporary mindfulness therapies, but does not help move such therapies beyond the mindfulness doctrine.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T14:28:47Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T14:28:53Z" } }, { "key": "ZJWZGDQU", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/ZJWZGDQU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/ZJWZGDQU", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/UGP3XWG2", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZJWZGDQU", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "UGP3XWG2", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Orringer (2012) discusses the most common clinical applications of fMRI and possible future directions.  This is a general summary of fMRI and is not directly relevant for our purposes.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T14:28:26Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T14:28:32Z" } }, { "key": "NNCIPCSF", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/NNCIPCSF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/NNCIPCSF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/2J3W26PW", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NNCIPCSF", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "2J3W26PW", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Vago (2014) is a meta-analysis of previous studies that attempts to establish complex neurocognitive models of mind and mental behavior during mindfulness training. However, vagueness in description of the Buddhist tradition and incomplete or dubious data associating physiological traits with phenomenological states renders this study largely speculative and unhelpful.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T14:28:06Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T14:28:13Z" } }, { "key": "MPGTC8FV", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/MPGTC8FV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/MPGTC8FV", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/5HXXRT9H", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MPGTC8FV", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "5HXXRT9H", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Desbordes (2014) analyzes the difference between mindfulness and equanimity from both \"classical Buddhist\" and psychological perspectives, ultimately concluding that equanimity should be used as a marker for progress in the development of well-being. Although the attempt at representing a Buddhist philosophical context is admirable, the utter lack of philological skills renders this attempt meaningless.  \"Classical Buddhism\" is referenced on every page, without a clear sense of what that even means, all the while referencing modern Dharma digests. The good news is this interest in \"Classical Buddhism\" may prompt fulfilling research relationships in the future. Unsurprisingly, the sections on psychology appear to be much more nuanced and intriguing.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T14:27:39Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T14:27:45Z" } }, { "key": "7NZH33SN", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/7NZH33SN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/7NZH33SN", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/CTC4XTQ6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7NZH33SN", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "CTC4XTQ6", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

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Davis (2014) builds upon the trend started in Lutz (2007) and asked the questions of what is enlightenment and how can it be studied scientifically? Although the authors make a call for better understanding of enlightenment, no such attempt is made in this article, nor is any unique experimentation at the fore.  In the end, this is a short article reviewing problems in scientific understandings of enlightenment (and meditation) that provides few answers.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T14:27:19Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T14:27:25Z" } }, { "key": "4WN3NX72", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/4WN3NX72", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/4WN3NX72", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/JF3D96PF", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4WN3NX72", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "JF3D96PF", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Sreenivasan (2009) studies the effect of different objects of attention - scenery and faces.  The study found that when faces were obscured by scenery, there is some kind of automatic processing of recognition that occurs.  It is only when faces are not obscured (that is, easily discernible) that top-down processing occurs.  This study may be relevant for types of objects of meditation - does meditating on a face differ from meditating on scenery?

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T14:22:26Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T14:22:32Z" } }, { "key": "C3HJ4IGA", "version": 6818, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 87068, "name": "Contemplative Sciences", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/C3HJ4IGA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/contemplative_sciences/items/C3HJ4IGA", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/87068/items/S7Z62RF4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 523400, "username": "wam6n", "name": "Bill McGrath", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wam6n", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "C3HJ4IGA", "version": 6818, "parentItem": "S7Z62RF4", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Bill's Blurb

\n

Stanley (2009) introduces Mindfulness-based Mind Fitness Training (MMFT, pronounced M-Fit) to a wide, military-based audience in Joint Force Quarterly, published by National Defense University.  The article essentially describes the negative effects of stress for members of the military and how MMFT can help to regulate these problems.  MMFT is designed to be a pre-deployment training in MBSR-based mindfulness techniques.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-21T14:21:43Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-21T14:21:51Z" } } ]