[ { "key": "6IKH7ZVX", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/6IKH7ZVX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/6IKH7ZVX", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/JZ3TXJUQ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "6IKH7ZVX", "version": 2, "parentItem": "JZ3TXJUQ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "RePEc Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-09-04T21:33:36Z", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/p/dgr/euriss/537.html", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "537.html", "md5": "8d7bcb88c14a8a1942095668daff889d", "mtime": 1346794416979, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-04T21:33:36Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-04T21:33:36Z" } }, { "key": "JZ3TXJUQ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/JZ3TXJUQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/JZ3TXJUQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Grimm et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "JZ3TXJUQ", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Constrained gazelles. High potentials in West Africa’s informal economy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Grimm" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Knorringa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Lay" } ], "abstractNote": "The informal sector is typically characterised as being very heterogeneous and possibly composed of two clearly distinct segments, sometimes called the lower and upper tier. However, empirical evidence shows that even among lower tier entrepreneurs profitability can be quite high. We combine these findings and develop an innovative approach to identify what we call ‘constrained gazelles’, next to the well-known survivalists in the lower tier and growth-oriented top-performers in the upper tier. Our sample of informal entrepreneurs in seven West-African countries allows to link the relative size of these three groups to the structural and macroeconomic environment in these countries.", "reportNumber": "537", "reportType": "ISS Working Papers - General Series", "institution": "International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University (ISS), The Hague", "place": "", "date": "2012", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/p/dgr/euriss/537.html", "accessDate": "2012-09-04T21:33:35Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc - IDEAS", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Capital", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "West-Africa", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "entrepreneurship", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "informality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "managerial ability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "targeting", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-04T21:33:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-09-04T21:33:35Z" } }, { "key": "QRFT3HJT", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/QRFT3HJT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/QRFT3HJT", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/UKIRC8R7", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QRFT3HJT", "version": 4, "parentItem": "UKIRC8R7", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Berge et al. - 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To answer this question, we present the first field experiment that jointly investigates these two constraints for poor microentrepreneurs, by introducing separate treatments of business training and a business grant. We combine survey data and data from a lab experiment to investigate treatment effects on business results, business practices, business skills and mind-set. Our study demonstrates a strong effect of business training on male entrepreneurs, while the effect on female entrepreneurs is much more muted. There is no effect of the business grant for either males or females. The results suggest that human capital may be the more important constraint for poor microentrepreneurs, but also point to the need for more comprehensive measures to promote development among female entrepreneurs.", "reportNumber": "1", "reportType": "CMI Working Paper", "institution": "CMI (Chr. Michelsen Institute), Bergen, Norway", "place": "", "date": "2011", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/p/chm/wpaper/wp2011-1.html", "accessDate": "2012-08-31T18:54:30Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Human and financial capital for microenterprise development", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc - IDEAS", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-31T18:54:30Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-31T18:54:30Z" } }, { "key": "GNZS7NRD", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/GNZS7NRD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/GNZS7NRD", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/SNHGWISS", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GNZS7NRD", "version": 2, "parentItem": "SNHGWISS", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Giné und Karlan - 2009 - Group versus Individual Liability Long Term Evide.pdf", "accessDate": "2012-08-31T18:41:06Z", "url": "http://www.econ.yale.edu/growth_pdf/cdp970.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Giné und Karlan - 2009 - Group versus Individual Liability Long Term Evide.pdf", "md5": "1cfa633de58f0f691521310a10119c2a", "mtime": 1346438469600, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-31T18:41:06Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-31T18:41:11Z" } }, { "key": "T4D5JF2A", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/T4D5JF2A", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/T4D5JF2A", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/SNHGWISS", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "T4D5JF2A", "version": 2, "parentItem": "SNHGWISS", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "RePEc Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-08-31T18:41:07Z", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/p/egc/wpaper/970.html", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "970.html", "md5": "1e56aa4d306aa65186d59413b6c949ee", "mtime": 1346438467384, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-31T18:41:07Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-31T18:41:07Z" } }, { "key": "SNHGWISS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/SNHGWISS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/SNHGWISS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Giné and Karlan", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "SNHGWISS", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Group versus Individual Liability: Long Term Evidence from Philippine Microcredit Lending Groups", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xavier", "lastName": "Giné" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dean", "lastName": "Karlan" } ], "abstractNote": "Group liability in microcredit purports to improve repayment rates through peer screening, monitoring, and enforcement. However, it may create excessive pressure, and discourage reliable clients from borrowing. Two randomized trials tested the overall effect, as well as specific mechanisms. The first removed group liability from pre-existing groups and the second randomly assigned villages to either group or individual liability loans. In both, groups still held weekly meetings. We find no increase in default and larger groups after three years in pre-existing areas, and no change in default but fewer groups created after two years in the expansion areas.", "reportNumber": "970", "reportType": "Working Paper", "institution": "Economic Growth Center, Yale University", "place": "", "date": "2009", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/p/egc/wpaper/970.html", "accessDate": "2012-08-31T18:41:05Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Group versus Individual Liability", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc - IDEAS", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "access to finance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "group lending", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "group liability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "informal economies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "joint liability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "micro-enterprises", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "microfinance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "social capital", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-31T18:41:05Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-31T18:41:05Z" } }, { "key": "4AGKVCNW", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/4AGKVCNW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/4AGKVCNW", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/JWZVU9UR", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4AGKVCNW", "version": 2, "parentItem": "JWZVU9UR", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_file", "title": "Kaboski und Townsend - 2005 - Policies and Impact An Analysis of Village-Level .pdf", "accessDate": "", "url": "", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Kaboski und Townsend - 2005 - Policies and Impact An Analysis of Village-Level .pdf", "md5": "3d4373f17b6d4aa8590b1eebde6c8206", "mtime": 1346438263026, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-31T18:37:39Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-31T18:37:44Z" } }, { "key": "TN4D2HNR", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/TN4D2HNR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/TN4D2HNR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/JWZVU9UR", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "TN4D2HNR", "version": 2, "parentItem": "JWZVU9UR", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "RePEc Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-08-31T18:35:33Z", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/a/tpr/jeurec/v3y2005i1p1-50.html", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "v3y2005i1p1-50.html", "md5": "3808684db4e0e65be2033f7bfed5764a", "mtime": 1346438134045, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-31T18:35:33Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-31T18:35:33Z" } }, { "key": "JWZVU9UR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/JWZVU9UR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/JWZVU9UR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kaboski and Townsend", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "JWZVU9UR", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Policies and Impact: An Analysis of Village-Level Microfinance Institutions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joseph P.", "lastName": "Kaboski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert M.", "lastName": "Townsend" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper uses variation in policies and institutional characteristics to evaluate the impacts of village-level microfinance institutions in rural Thailand. To identify impacts, we use policies related to the successful/unsuccessful provision of services as exogenous variation in effective financial intermediation. We find that institutions, particularly those with good policies, can promote asset growth, consumption smoothing and occupational mobility, and can decrease moneylender reliance. Specifically, cash-lending institutions-production credit groups and especially women's groups-are successful in providing intermediation and its benefits to members, while buffalo banks and rice banks are not. The policies identified as important to intermediation and benefits: the provision of savings services, especially pledged savings accounts; emergency services; and training and advice. Surprisingly, much publicized policies such as joint liability, default consequences, or repayment frequency had no measured impacts. (JEL: 012, 016) Copyright (c) 2005 by the European Economic Association.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of the European Economic Association", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "3", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-50", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/a/tpr/jeurec/v3y2005i1p1-50.html", "accessDate": "2012-08-31T18:35:32Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Policies and Impact", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc - IDEAS", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-31T18:35:32Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-31T18:35:32Z" } }, { "key": "E6BMH2VX", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/E6BMH2VX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/E6BMH2VX", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/ZSQ8N3RX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "E6BMH2VX", "version": 2, "parentItem": "ZSQ8N3RX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_file", "title": "Field und Pande - 2008 - Repayment Frequency and Default in Microfinance E.pdf", "accessDate": "", "url": "", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Field und Pande - 2008 - Repayment Frequency and Default in Microfinance E.pdf", "md5": "e48855346e6069948195e3844622e888", "mtime": 1346437873034, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-31T18:31:09Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-31T18:31:14Z" } }, { "key": "J4NETPD6", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/J4NETPD6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/J4NETPD6", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/ZSQ8N3RX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "J4NETPD6", "version": 2, "parentItem": "ZSQ8N3RX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "RePEc Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-08-31T18:30:21Z", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/a/tpr/jeurec/v6y2008i2-3p501-509.html", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "v6y2008i2-3p501-509.html", "md5": "80240b2787506952af6b394fc79e4069", "mtime": 1346437821514, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-31T18:30:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-31T18:30:21Z" } }, { "key": "ZSQ8N3RX", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/ZSQ8N3RX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/ZSQ8N3RX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Field and Pande", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "ZSQ8N3RX", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Repayment Frequency and Default in Microfinance: Evidence From India", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erica", "lastName": "Field" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rohini", "lastName": "Pande" } ], "abstractNote": "In stark contrast to bank debt contracts, most micro-finance contracts require that repayments start nearly immediately after loan disbursement and occur weekly thereafter. Even though economic theory suggests that a more flexible repayment schedule would benefit clients and potentially improve their repayment capacity, micro-finance practitioners argue that the fiscal discipline imposed by frequent repayment is critical to preventing loan default. In this paper we use data from a field experiment which randomized client assignment to a weekly or monthly repayment schedule and find no significant effect of type of repayment schedule on client delinquency or default. Our findings suggest that, among micro-finance clients who are willing to borrow at either weekly or monthly repayment schedules, a more flexible schedule can significantly lower transaction costs without increasing client default. (JEL: O12, O16, O22) (c) 2008 by the European Economic Association.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of the European Economic Association", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "6", "issue": "2-3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "501-509", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/a/tpr/jeurec/v6y2008i2-3p501-509.html", "accessDate": "2012-08-31T18:30:20Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Repayment Frequency and Default in Microfinance", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc - IDEAS", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-31T18:30:20Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-31T18:30:20Z" } }, { "key": "GI69R5MG", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/GI69R5MG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/GI69R5MG", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/VCMKP5CQ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GI69R5MG", "version": 2, "parentItem": "VCMKP5CQ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Bottazzi et al. - 2005 - Corporate Growth and Industrial Dynamics Evidence.pdf", "accessDate": "2012-08-31T18:11:06Z", "url": "http://www.lem.sssup.it/WPLem/files/2005-21.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Bottazzi et al. - 2005 - Corporate Growth and Industrial Dynamics Evidence.pdf", "md5": "f360c314cb0f490151762b327b209b49", "mtime": 1346436667123, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-31T18:11:06Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-31T18:11:20Z" } }, { "key": "HGICNEBQ", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/HGICNEBQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/HGICNEBQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/VCMKP5CQ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "HGICNEBQ", "version": 2, "parentItem": "VCMKP5CQ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "RePEc Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-08-31T18:11:08Z", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/p/ssa/lemwps/2005-21.html", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "2005-21.html", "md5": "d960cb4a6427c5ae79a0cbb65019be06", "mtime": 1346436667841, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-31T18:11:08Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-31T18:11:08Z" } }, { "key": "VCMKP5CQ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/VCMKP5CQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/VCMKP5CQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bottazzi et al.", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "VCMKP5CQ", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Corporate Growth and Industrial Dynamics: Evidence from French Manufacturing", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giulio", "lastName": "Bottazzi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alex", "lastName": "Coad" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nadia", "lastName": "Jacoby" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Angelo", "lastName": "Secchi" } ], "abstractNote": "We report several characteristics of industrial dynamics, including the firm size distribution, Gibrat's Law, and also the distribution of growth rates and their autocorrelation. We use a variety of econometric techniques, looking first at the aggregate and subsequently at a sectoral level. Many of our results corroborate previous findings, but there are also several surprises. For example, although previous findings on US and Italian data find that the growth rate distribution follows the Laplace density (i.e. is 'tent-shaped'), the French growth rates distribution has noticeably fatter tails. Growth rates depend negatively on size but the relationship does not seem to be linear, with larger firms possibly growing faster than medium-sized ones. It also appears that growth rate autocorrelation may vary with firm size: autocorrelation is negative for smaller firms, but the magnitude seems to decrease with size and becomes positive for larger firms.", "reportNumber": "2005/21", "reportType": "LEM Papers Series", "institution": "Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy", "place": "", "date": "2005", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/p/ssa/lemwps/2005-21.html", "accessDate": "2012-08-31T18:11:05Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Corporate Growth and Industrial Dynamics", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc - IDEAS", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aggregation.", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Firm Growth", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gibrat's Law", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Industrial dynamics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-31T18:11:05Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-31T18:11:05Z" } }, { "key": "3QTDGEI2", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/3QTDGEI2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/3QTDGEI2", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/8RWB62ZB", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3QTDGEI2", "version": 2, "parentItem": "8RWB62ZB", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Fafchamps et al. - 2011 - When is capital enough to get female enterprises g.pdf", "accessDate": "2012-08-30T16:50:31Z", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/23/000158349_20110623170731/Rendered/PDF/WPS5706.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Fafchamps et al. - 2011 - When is capital enough to get female enterprises g.pdf", "md5": "dd417168d304cb860d3813c4de0bea96", "mtime": 1346345437661, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-30T16:50:31Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-30T16:50:43Z" } }, { "key": "7DRXVKXR", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/7DRXVKXR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/7DRXVKXR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/8RWB62ZB", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "7DRXVKXR", "version": 2, "parentItem": "8RWB62ZB", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "RePEc Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-08-30T16:50:32Z", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/5706.html", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "5706.html", "md5": "f55db3686fb1c35c0af382edb9e7fe18", "mtime": 1346345431857, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-30T16:50:32Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-30T16:50:32Z" } }, { "key": "8RWB62ZB", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/8RWB62ZB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/8RWB62ZB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fafchamps et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "8RWB62ZB", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "When is capital enough to get female enterprises growing ? evidence from a randomized experiment in Ghana", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marcel", "lastName": "Fafchamps" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "McKenzie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "McKenzie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Simon", "lastName": "Quinn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher", "lastName": "Woodruff" } ], "abstractNote": "Standard models of investment predict that credit-constrained firms should grow rapidly when given additional capital, and that how this capital is provided should not affect decisions to invest in the business or consume the capital. The authors randomly gave cash and in-kind grants to male- and female-owned microenterprises in urban Ghana. Their findings cast doubt on the ability of capital alone to stimulate the growth of female microenterprises. First, while the average treatment effects of the in-kind grants are large and positive for both males and females, the gain in profits is almost zero for women with initial profits below the median, suggesting that capital alone is not enough to grow subsistence enterprises owned by women. Second, for women they strongly reject equality of the cash and in-kind grants; only in-kind grants lead to growth in business profits. The results for men also suggest a lower impact of cash, but differences between cash and in-kind grants are less robust. The difference in the effects of cash and in-kind grants is associated more with a lack of self-control than with external pressure. As a result, the manner in which funding is provided affects microenterprise growth.", "reportNumber": "5706", "reportType": "Policy Research Working Paper Series", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2011", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/5706.html", "accessDate": "2012-08-30T16:50:30Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "When is capital enough to get female enterprises growing ?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc - IDEAS", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Debt Markets", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Economic Theory&Research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Investment and Investment Climate", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Science Education", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Scientific Research&Science Parks", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-30T16:50:30Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-30T16:50:30Z" } }, { "key": "Z3SGS2DP", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/Z3SGS2DP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/Z3SGS2DP", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/24TJ7B56", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Z3SGS2DP", "version": 2, "parentItem": "24TJ7B56", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Cunningham und Maloney - 1998 - Heterogeneity among Mexico's micro-enterprises - a.pdf", "accessDate": "2012-08-30T16:31:49Z", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1999/07/23/000094946_99031911103822/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Cunningham und Maloney - 1998 - Heterogeneity among Mexico's micro-enterprises - a.pdf", "md5": "5157f7425acba914a68699779c427d85", "mtime": 1346344319233, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-30T16:31:49Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-30T16:32:07Z" } }, { "key": "QBFH34JT", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/QBFH34JT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/QBFH34JT", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/24TJ7B56", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "QBFH34JT", "version": 2, "parentItem": "24TJ7B56", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "RePEc Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-08-30T16:31:50Z", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/1999.html", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "1999.html", "md5": "c4b74fb06956b6b73c46036ff3824d96", "mtime": 1346344310139, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-30T16:31:50Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-30T16:31:50Z" } }, { "key": "24TJ7B56", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/24TJ7B56", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/24TJ7B56", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cunningham and Maloney", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "24TJ7B56", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Heterogeneity among Mexico's micro-enterprises - an application of factor and cluster analysis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wendy V.", "lastName": "Cunningham" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "William F.", "lastName": "Maloney" } ], "abstractNote": "A long tradition sees the small firm sector as a holding pattern for workers queuing for jobs in the formal sector of a segmented labor market. An alternative\"entrepreneurial\"view suggests that many workers prefer self-employment to salaried jobs. These competing views can be resolved if the sector is heterogeneous. Using factor and cluster analysis, the authors generate a typology of the sector by taking advantage of a Mexican data set on micro-firms that offers information on a broad range of small firm characteristics. The methodology permits divisions to emerge from the data without the a priori imposition of a theoretical structure. The data break into several distinct groups, broadly characterized as highly profitable and dynamic young firms, older firms that have stabilized at a small size, and young firms that act as an employer of last resort. Those in the last group, comprised of older entrepreneurs with low levels of education, are the most likely to cite that they started their firms because they were unable to find a salaried job. In general most of the firm owners in all groups stated that they chose self-employment over formal sector employment in order to be independent, collect higher earnings, or follow family tradition. These survey responses are supported by the finding that income distribution adjusted for human capital is composed of two sub-distributions, with the\"underperforming\"distribution comprising only 14 percent of the sample. The factor analysis also implies that firm owner characteristics and firm size or profitability may not be correlated. For example, young workers who we might think are forced into the small firm sector due to inability to enter the formal job market do not necessarily earn less or have less capital than older entrepreneurs. Furthermore, a distribution of the earnings residual factor shows that very few firms, regardless of the firm owner's age, are earning below their expected profits. The data suggest that the small size of informal firms may not necessarily result from limited access to financial institutions or a desire to evade labor or tax laws. Instead, the firms simply may be in the beginning stages of a growth process or owners may prefer to remain small.", "reportNumber": "1999", "reportType": "Policy Research Working Paper Series", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "1998", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/1999.html", "accessDate": "2012-08-30T16:31:48Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc - IDEAS", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Banks&Banking Reform", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Decentralization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Economic Theory&Research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Environmental Economics&Policies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Monitoring&Evaluation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Public Health Promotion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Small Scale Enterprise", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-30T16:31:48Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-30T16:31:48Z" } }, { "key": "EURN88HP", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/EURN88HP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/EURN88HP", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/288PFNRC", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EURN88HP", "version": 2, "parentItem": "288PFNRC", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_file", "title": "McPherson - 1996 - Growth of micro and small enterprises in southern .pdf", "accessDate": "", "url": "", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "McPherson - 1996 - Growth of micro and small enterprises in southern .pdf", "md5": "72344c1f3a1ae15a3c5db03410075bcb", "mtime": 1346273979917, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-29T20:59:36Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-29T20:59:40Z" } }, { "key": "P3JVHVHC", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 86256, "name": "Microenterprises", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/P3JVHVHC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microenterprises/items/P3JVHVHC", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/86256/items/288PFNRC", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "P3JVHVHC", "version": 2, "parentItem": "288PFNRC", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect.com - Journal of Development Economics - Growth of micro and small enterprises in southern Africa", "accessDate": "2012-08-29T20:58:48Z", "url": "http://han.sub.uni-goettingen.de/han/3323_0/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304387895000275", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "0304387895000275.html", "md5": "07eedc43ec9314cc3d2459d21739e313", "mtime": 1346273928810, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-29T20:58:48Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-29T20:58:48Z" } } ]