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Writing learning journals: Instructional support to overcome learning-strategy deficits. <span style=\"font-style:italic;\">Learning and Instruction</span>, <span style=\"font-style:italic;\">20</span>(1), 18-29. doi:<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2008.12.001\">10.1016/j.learninstruc.2008.12.001</a></strong> <span title=\"url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2008.12.001&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Writing%20learning%20journals%3A%20Instructional%20support%20to%20overcome%20learning-strategy%20deficits&amp;rft.jtitle=Learning%20and%20Instruction&amp;rft.volume=20&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.aufirst=Sandra&amp;rft.aulast=H%C3%BCbner&amp;rft.au=Sandra%20H%C3%BCbner&amp;rft.au=Matthias%20N%C3%BCckles&amp;rft.au=Alexander%20Renkl&amp;rft.date=2010-02&amp;rft.pages=18-29&amp;rft.issn=0959-4752\"><br /></span></p>\n</div>\n<p> </p>\n<p>High school student that write learning journals, essentially about \"writing\" (to describe experiences)</p>\n<p>p18: \"teachers  are acting (implicitly)on the assumption that writing automatically foster learning... <strong>Writing affects learning positively if specific cognitive and metacognitive strategies of self-regulated learning are explicitly supported by the writing task</strong>.\"</p>\n<p>p. 18 writing conditions produced greater learning gains compared to a speaking only conditions (Klein, Piacente-Cimini, &amp;Williams, 2007)</p>\n<p>p. 19 Bangert-Drowns et al. (2004) \"The authors argued that <strong>writing contributes to learning by supporting beneficial cognitive and metacognitive strategies of self-regulated learning</strong>, the self-regulation view of writing-to-learn\".</p>\n<p>P. 19 Nuckles et al. (2009)\" Knowledge acquisition while writing learning journals was highest when students received cognitive and metacognitive promptes for their writing. \"</p>\n<p>\"...students who wrote learning journals gained significatntly more knowledge compared with students who did not write learning journals (Connor-Greene, 2000);Wong, Kuperis, Jamieson, Keller, &amp; Cull-Hewitt, 2002)... learning journals proved to be superior over other writing tasks, such as writing  a summary (Cantrel, Fusaro, &amp; Dougherty, 2000) or writing a scientific report (McCrindle &amp; Christensen, 1995).</p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:#ff99cc;\"><strong>Learning journal suppose the use of productive cognitive and metacognitive strategies of self-regulated learning</strong>. \"On the cognitive level: students should employ strategies such a s the <strong>organisation</strong> and <strong>elaboration</strong> of learning material.\" (p. 19) </span></p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:#ff99cc;\"><strong>Organisation</strong> = identifying main points an structuring the learning material, help to establish internal link in the material / <strong>Elaboration</strong> = generating examples and using analogies helps to build external links that relate the new material to the learner's prior knowledge (Mayer, 1984)</span></p>\n<p>This research is about strategy deficit. Instructional support is necessary to ovecome strategy deficits.</p>\n<p>First part of page 20 describe different strategy deficit:</p>\n<ol><li>mediation deficiency, being not able to use a strategy, do not possess the necessary cognitive requirements</li>\n<li>production deficiency, capable of using a strategy but may be not spontanousely,</li>\n<li>utilisation deficiency, trained strategy may not help recall</li>\n</ol><p>Then he give solutions: instructional support to overcome each kind of strategy deficit... this is more appropriate at school than for voccational training... this is not enough detailed. He talk about prompts (incitation) and hints (allusions, conseil) to induce productive learning behavior. Thoses prompts can be cognitive or metacognitive but they don't explain more...</p>\n<p><strong>Writing-to-learn and learning-to-write </strong></p>\n<p>\"help student to use writing as a beneficial medium to facilitate self-regulated learning strategies\".</p>\n<p>Discussion:</p>\n<p>They give student an example of weel orginised writing journal to see if they produce journals that are better organised but it does not work (p. 26)</p>\n<p>Student who received an example of learning journal in the training session achieve significantly higher learning outcomes when they have to write a second one in a transfer session.</p>\n<p>This research demonstrated that learning journal example supported students in the acquisition of cognitive an metacognitive strategies.</p>\n<p>They tried to overcome production deficiencies with prompts (incitations) or hints (allusions) that are questions that are designed to induce productive learning behaviour = sort of guidance.</p>\n<p><strong>Link with DUAL-T</strong></p>\n<p>We could give an example of helpfull learning folder because \"Student who received an example of learning journal in the training session achieve significantly higher learning outcomes when they have to write a second one in a transfer session.\"</p>\n<p>Use prompts and hints (sort of question to structure the reflection of apprentices)(Hübner, S. Nückles, M &amp; Renkl, A. (2010)</p>\n<p>developpement of cognitive and metacognitive strategy + auto-éval</p>\n<p> </p>",
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            "abstractNote": "Although writing learning journals is a powerful learning tool, instructional support is needed to overcome deficits in the use of self-regulated learning strategies. In a 2×2 experimental design with high-school students (N =70), we analysed the effects of two modes of instruction (namely, informed prompting and learning-journal example) along with prompts. Informed prompting that provided background information on the prompted strategies enhanced learning in the training and transfer session. A learning-journal example that modelled the application of the strategies primarily fostered the strategy used in the training session and learning in the transfer session. Theoretically, the results provide support for the self-regulation view of writing-to-learn. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)",
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            "abstractNote": "Se former dans le champ de la formation professionnelle engendre actuellement de nombreux challenges pour les apprentis. (afin d’alléger le texte, seul le masculin sera utilisé, étant entendu qu’«apprenti» se décline au masculin comme au féminin). Ils poursuivent le double objectif de se qualifier tout en étant directement intégrés au monde du travail. Ils doivent rapidement fonctionner de façon indépendante et efficace, afin de répondre aux exigences des postes qu’ils occupent. Dès lors, des compétences d’autorégulation des apprentissages et la mobilisation de stratégies d’apprentissage adéquates sont indispensables. En situation de travail, l’expérience constitue une base indispensable à tout apprentissage. 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