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            "abstractNote": "\"Digital media technologies like the Internet create and host the social networks, virtual worlds, online communities, and media texts where it was once thought that we would all be the same, anonymous users with infinite powers. Instead, the essays in Race After the Internet show us that the Internet and other computer-based technologies are complex topographies of power and privilege, made up of walled gardens, new (plat)forms of economic and technological exclusion, and both new and old styles of race as code, interaction, and image. Investigating how racialization and racism are changing in web 2.0 digital media culture, Race After the Internet contains interdisciplinary essays on the shifting terrain of racial identity and its connections to digital media, including Facebook and MySpace, YouTube and viral video, WiFi infrastructure, the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) program, genetic ancestry testing, DNA databases in health and law enforcement, and popular online games like World of Warcraft. Ultimately, the collection broadens the definition of the \"digital divide\" in order to convey a more nuanced understanding of usage, meaning, participation, and production of digital media technology in light of racial inequality.\"-- \"Race After the Internet explores racial identity in the digital age, grappling with the complex role that the Internet and other digital technologies play in shaping our ideas about race. The readings are separated into sections that examine how digital media has complicated racial identity as well as the connection between limited digital access and social inequality. Other essays address new racial identities created by users of popular media of virtual worlds like World of Warcraft, and social networks like Facebook and MySpace. And a final group of essays enters the world of biotechnology to find ways that biometrics and new surveillance technologies are creating different forms of racial profiling. Race After the Internet investigates how racialization and racism are changing in web 2.0 digital media culture, thus making it a valuable text for anyone interested in digital media and race and ethnic studies. The essays incorporate science and technology studies, social scientific, rhetorical, textual, theoretical, and ethnographic approaches with some carefully selected demographic studies of Internet and technology use. This collection aims to broaden the definition of the \"digital divide\" in order to convey a more nuanced understanding of usage, meaning, participation, and production of digital media technology in light of racial inequality\"--",
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            "abstractNote": "This report is framed as a challenge to the dominant discourse on children online – a discourse that characterises children in online spaces as vulnerable victims rather than people with agency and risk-management capacity. The current discourse on child victimisation draws from 21st century human trafficking policy, which has generally taken an enforcement- and prosecution-driven approach to problems of exploitation. Global agendas against child exploitation have predominantly replicated anti-trafficking discourse, making assumptions about violence, risk and vulnerability online.\n\nIn this report, I will describe the dominant discourse on children online as one of victimisation, and then describe three common digital methods being used against child exploitation: text detection, image detection, and online sting operations. I argue that the discourse of victimisation does not actually uphold victim rights, and that in fact many predominant anti-exploitation methods threaten the privacy rights and sexuality rights of young people. Rights to privacy are in jeopardy as the dominant anti-exploitation approach relies on state enforcement and policing, following in the footsteps of older surveillance techniques by monitoring citizens’ internet behaviour and increasing government regulation of online traffic. Additionally, the sexuality rights of young people, while perhaps a controversial subject, are also fundamentally threatened by a dominant discourse that positions all children as victims and does not recognise the sexual agency of young people. Under the supposed goal of safety, many anti-exploitation measures by states have veered toward censorship, limiting young people’s access to all forms of sexual content online, including sexual identity, sexuality and reproductive health resources.\n\nRecognising that problems of violence, sexual exploitation, misogyny and harassment online are very real, I conclude by imagining what a more feminist and sustainable approach to address these issues might look like. Dominant anti-exploitation efforts centralise technocratic expertise in the hands of states and large technology companies. I suggest an alternative approach that uses participatory ethnographic research and youth input to influence technology design that honours young people’s lived experiences and supports their already ongoing practices of risk management.",
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