[ { "key": "89BG9C9X", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/89BG9C9X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/89BG9C9X", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 4157, "username": "thibaud", "name": "Thibaud Hulin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thibaud", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Howard and Hussain", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "89BG9C9X", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Upheavals in Egypt and Tunisia: The Role of Digital Media", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. N.", "lastName": "Howard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. M.", "lastName": "Hussain" } ], "abstractNote": "During the “Arab Spring,” young tech savvy activists led uprisings in a dozen countries across North Africa and the Middle East. At first, digital media allowed democratization movements to develop new tactics for catching dictators off guard. Eventually, authoritarian governments worked social media into their own counter-insurgency strategies. What have we learned about the role of digital media in modern protest? Digital media helped to turn individualized, localized, and community-specific dissent into structured movements with a collective consciousness about both shared grievances and opportunities for action.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Democracy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "22", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "35-48", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/upheavals-egypt-and-tunisia-role-digital-media", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0000", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-08T18:47:35Z" } }, { "key": "3SCT9KTZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/3SCT9KTZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/3SCT9KTZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 4157, "username": "thibaud", "name": "Thibaud Hulin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thibaud", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nanabhay and Farmanfarmaian", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "3SCT9KTZ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "From spectacle to spectacular: How physical space, social media and mainstream broadcast amplified the public sphere in Egypt's 'Revolution'", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mohamed", "lastName": "Nanabhay" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roxane", "lastName": "Farmanfarmaian" } ], "abstractNote": "This study examines the impact of the media during the Egyptian uprising of 2011 and the extent that amplification occurred between the inter-related spaces of the physical (protests), the analogue (satellite television and other mainstream media) and the digital (internet and social media). Specifically, it analyses the intersection of these three spaces in what we label the ?amplified public sphere? and define as the information environment created when each space informs the other. Analysis begins by drawing on Bruce D'Arcus' notion of ?spectacles of dissent?, in which activists renegotiate the visibility of the public sphere through protest and media networking. It then expands the concept, arguing that the Egyptian uprisings took it to the next level, transforming the ?spectacle? into a ?media spectacular?, which globalised the public sphere through 24/7 coverage of what became an ?internationalised? physical space of Tahrir amplified by social media into mainstream blanket coverage. In analysis of a database of YouTube videos, the move from spectacle to spectacular was identified as coincident with a move from social media dominance to mainstream media amplification, even as the latter itself shifted how media was produced and consumed.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of North African Studies", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "16", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "573-603", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/13629387.2011.639562", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0001", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-08T18:47:34Z" } }, { "key": "2TSQD6R5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/2TSQD6R5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/2TSQD6R5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 4157, "username": "thibaud", "name": "Thibaud Hulin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thibaud", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sayed", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "2TSQD6R5", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "On the Road to Democracy: Egyptian Bloggers and the Internet 2010", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mohamed Ali", "lastName": "Sayed" } ], "abstractNote": "In authoritarian-ruled Arab societies, new media, exemplified by the Internet, are perceived as the harbinger of democracy. In interviews conducted in Egypt in 2009, I asked bloggers, human rights activists and journalists about their motivations for blogging, the nature of the relationship between blogging and traditional media practitioners and the challenges that hinder the efficacy of blogging as a social and political force. It seems clear that Egyptian blogs have been used to criticize the political order and mobilize public opinion against the regime. Moreover, the Internet and blogs are helping to transform traditional journalism, making it less susceptible to conservativism and state manipulation, enhancing political activism and expanding the reach of the public sphere.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "4", "issue": "2-3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "253-272", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1386/jammr.4.2-3.253_1", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0000", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-08T18:47:33Z" } }, { "key": "VUZ5NUD7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/VUZ5NUD7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/VUZ5NUD7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hofheinz", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "VUZ5NUD7", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Arab Spring: Nextopia? Beyond Revolution 2.0", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Albrecht", "lastName": "Hofheinz" } ], "abstractNote": "Research on the impact of the Internet in the Middle East has been dominated by a focus on politics and the public sphere, and oscillated between the hope for ‚Äòrevolutionary‚Äô change and the admission that regime stability in the region has not easily been unsettled by media revolutions alone. Obsession with the new and with the latest technologies has helped to obscure more long-term sociocultural developments. This contribution is a plea for a shift of paradigm: to study more seriously the social and cultural effects of internet and mobile phone use; to find out what impact the use of these media has on conceptions of the individual and its role in the construction of knowledge and values; and how these dynamics are embedded in more long-term historical developments promoting a greater role for the individual vis-√†-vis established authorities.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Communication", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "5", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1186", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-27T16:27:47Z" } }, { "key": "DN7PT754", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/DN7PT754", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/DN7PT754", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lotan et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DN7PT754", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Arab Spring The Revolutions Were Tweeted: Information Flows during the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gilad", "lastName": "Lotan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erhardt", "lastName": "Graeff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mike", "lastName": "Ananny" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Devin", "lastName": "Gaffney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ian", "lastName": "Pearce" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "danah", "lastName": "boyd" } ], "abstractNote": "This article details the networked production and dissemination of news on Twitter during snapshots of the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions as seen through information flows‚Äîsets of near-duplicate tweets‚Äîacross activists, bloggers, journalists, mainstream media outlets, and other engaged participants. We differentiate between these user types and analyze patterns of sourcing and routing information among them. We describe the symbiotic relationship between media outlets and individuals and the distinct roles particular user types appear to play. Using this analysis, we discuss how Twitter plays a key role in amplifying and spreading timely information across the globe.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Communication", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "5", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-06T15:21:20Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-27T16:27:32Z" } }, { "key": "ANX7XCIW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/ANX7XCIW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/ANX7XCIW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Eltantawy and Wiest", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "ANX7XCIW", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Arab Spring - Social Media in the Egyptian Revolution: Reconsidering Resource Mobilization Theory", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nahed", "lastName": "Eltantawy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julie B.", "lastName": "Wiest" } ], "abstractNote": "This article seeks to open dialogue about the utility of resource mobilization theory in explaining social movements and their impact by exploring the use of social media in the 2011 Egyptian revolution through a limited case study analysis. It argues that social media played an instrumental role in the success of the anti-government protests that led to the resignation of the country's dictatorial leader, and calls for further examination of the proposed incorporation of social media as an important resource for collective action and the organization of contemporary social movements.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Communication", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "5", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1242", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-27T16:27:13Z" } }, { "key": "I9DSHHR8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/I9DSHHR8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/I9DSHHR8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Niekerk et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "I9DSHHR8", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Arab Spring - Analyzing the Role of ICTs in the Tunisian and Egyptian Unrest from an Information Warfare Perspective", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brett van", "lastName": "Niekerk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kiru", "lastName": "Pillay" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Manoj", "lastName": "Maharaj" } ], "abstractNote": "In January 2011, the Tunisian government stepped down after weeks of protests; this was followed by unrest and protests in Egypt against the Egyptian government, leading also to the resignation of its president. Demonstrations in both countries were facilitated in some part by the online social media and related information and communications technologies that impacted the flow of information. The manner in which the information and communication technologies were employed suggests that the uprisings were a form of social information warfare. To provide an alternative understanding of the role of technology and information in the events that led to the resignations of the Tunisian and Egyptian presidents, these uprisings are analyzed using the Information Warfare Lifecycle Model.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Communication", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "5", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1168", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-27T16:27:03Z" } }, { "key": "7THRV8QJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/7THRV8QJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/7THRV8QJ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/WMGTPJQJ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "7THRV8QJ", "version": 1, "parentItem": "WMGTPJQJ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "wpcc", "accessDate": "2012-07-27T16:25:28Z", "url": "http://www.westminster.ac.uk/research/a-z/camri/wpcc", "note": "", "contentType": "", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T16:25:36Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-27T16:25:36Z" } }, { "key": "WMGTPJQJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/WMGTPJQJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/WMGTPJQJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hamdy", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WMGTPJQJ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Arab Citizen Journalism in Action: Challenging Mainstream Media Authorities and Media Laws", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Naila", "lastName": "Hamdy" } ], "abstractNote": "Arab citizens have adopted the blogging technology of the internet to create a venue for alternate\nviewpoints in a manner similar to their global counterparts. Initially a handful of bloggers, writing\nmostly in English and reflecting a Western flavour in their content, initiated the Arab\nblogosphere. They have since been joined by thousands of Arabic blogs. Their impact has been\nnoted, whether directly on politics and media or in their ability to enable civil society by providing\ninstant networking and expanding the space for freedom of expression. They have also created an\nunexpected challenge to their governments, causing inconsistent reactions. This article analyzes\nthe region’s laws, regulations and the methods used to govern those nationals who choose to join\nthe growing number of global citizen journalists, and how they often learn to defy those rules.\nThe primary focus has been the case of Egypt’s blogs due to their influential role in the regional\nblogosphere.", "publicationTitle": "Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture (WPCC)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2009", "volume": "6", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "92-112", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.westminster.ac.uk/research/a-z/camri/wpcc", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T16:25:36Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-27T16:25:36Z" } }, { "key": "2K48RD7P", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/2K48RD7P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/2K48RD7P", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/89BG9C9X", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "2K48RD7P", "version": 1, "parentItem": "89BG9C9X", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "upheavals-egypt-and-tunisia-role-digital-media", "accessDate": "2012-07-27T12:00:06Z", "url": "http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/upheavals-egypt-and-tunisia-role-digital-media", "note": "", "contentType": "", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z" } }, { "key": "R8M3SHQW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/R8M3SHQW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/R8M3SHQW", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/89BG9C9X", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "R8M3SHQW", "version": 1, "parentItem": "89BG9C9X", "itemType": "note", "note": "

1086-3214

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2011.639562

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z" } }, { "key": "M2FWWNTR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/M2FWWNTR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/M2FWWNTR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/3SCT9KTZ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "M2FWWNTR", "version": 1, "parentItem": "3SCT9KTZ", "itemType": "note", "note": "

2012/07/27

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z" } }, { "key": "5HIAVHFN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/5HIAVHFN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/5HIAVHFN", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/F2GRT3EV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "5HIAVHFN", "version": 1, "parentItem": "F2GRT3EV", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "index.php?article=769", "accessDate": "2012-07-27T12:00:06Z", "url": "http://www.arabmediasociety.com/peer_reviewed/index.php?article=769", "note": "", "contentType": "", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z" } }, { "key": "QA5NDTP6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/QA5NDTP6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/QA5NDTP6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sayed", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "QA5NDTP6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Towards the Egyptian Revolution: Activists perceptions of social media for mobilization", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nermeen", "lastName": "Sayed" } ], "abstractNote": "The role that social media could play in engaging people in the democratic process has recently gained more attention following the series of mass protests and revolutions that has swept the Arab region starting with Tunisia, then emulated in Egypt, and now taking place in Libya. It has been argued that those revolutions were linked, at least in the preliminary stages, to the active use of social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter. This article attempts to shed light on these assertions by reporting some early observations from a study which was conducted immediately prior to the revolution in Egypt. In particular it explores the young activists' perceptions of the potential of social media for mobilizing activism in authoritarian regimes. It thus helps situating social media (SM) in the spectrum of political engagement by gauging young activists' motivations for utilizing those outlets for political participation aimed at social and political change. This article relies on a survey of a snowball sample of young Egyptian activists, along with focus group discussions (FGD) also, to seek answers to questions about contextual factors such as media scepticism, political efficacy and fear of authority, which are expected to relate to social media motivations and users' tendencies to engage in forms of online and offline political participation. The findings indicate that young activists were mainly driven by guidance and surveillance needs in their political utilization of social networking sites. A strong positive correlation between online and offline political participation was also detected.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "4", "issue": "2-3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "273-298", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1386/jammr.4.2-3.273_1", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z" } }, { "key": "MIBRTHTJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/MIBRTHTJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/MIBRTHTJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Miladi", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "MIBRTHTJ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "New media and the Arab revolution: Citizen reporters and social activism", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Noureddine", "lastName": "Miladi" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "4", "issue": "2-3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "113-119", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1386/jammr.4.2-3.113_2", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/intellect/jammr/2012/00000004/F0020002/art00001", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z" } }, { "key": "JMVDB5RR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/JMVDB5RR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/JMVDB5RR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/QA5NDTP6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JMVDB5RR", "version": 1, "parentItem": "QA5NDTP6", "itemType": "note", "note": "

http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/intellect/jammr/2012/00000004/F0020002/art00010
http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jammr.4.2-3.273_1

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z" } }, { "key": "D5GGSTRB", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/D5GGSTRB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/D5GGSTRB", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/ZBNWFN6Q", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "D5GGSTRB", "version": 1, "parentItem": "ZBNWFN6Q", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "", "accessDate": "2012-07-27T12:00:06Z", "url": "http://www.globalmediajournal.de/2012/05/07/the-media-and-the-making-of-the-2011-egyptian-revolution/", "note": "", "contentType": "", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z" } }, { "key": "F3RGUT9Q", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/F3RGUT9Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/F3RGUT9Q", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/ANX7XCIW", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "F3RGUT9Q", "version": 1, "parentItem": "ANX7XCIW", "itemType": "note", "note": "

2011

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http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/intellect/jammr/2012/00000004/F0020002/art00009
http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jammr.4.2-3.253_1

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z" } }, { "key": "ZBNWFN6Q", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 82533, "name": "arabspringmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82533/items/ZBNWFN6Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arabspringmedia/items/ZBNWFN6Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 32212, "username": "davidbrake", "name": "David Brake", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/davidbrake", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Osman and Samei", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZBNWFN6Q", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Media and the Making of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amr", "lastName": "Osman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marwa Abdel", "lastName": "Samei" } ], "abstractNote": "While views may differ on the factors that made the 2011 Egyptian revolution possible, the role of mass media will remain undisputable. The Internet-based social networks caught the Mubarak regime by surprise, and the popular disillusionment with the ‘national’ media led the public to turn to private newspapers and satellite channels for keeping pace with the events. This paper examines the role of specific media during the 18 days of the 2011 Egyptian revolution – from 25 January to 11 February, 2011 – which we have divided into four parts. It discusses how these media contributed to the unfolding of events, conceptualized the protests and the demands of the public, and presented the actors that participated in or opposed the revolution. These points are addressed by discussing the content of the Facebook pages of the Sixth of April Movement and We Are All Khalid Said, as well as that of a private Egyptian newspaper, al-Shuruq, and the state-run newspaper al-Ahram.", "publicationTitle": "Global Media Journal - German Edition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "2", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.globalmediajournal.de/2012/05/07/the-media-and-the-making-of-the-2011-egyptian-revolution/", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-27T12:00:14Z" } } ]