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            "creatorSummary": "George et al.",
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            "title": "Severe methemoglobinemia due to insecticide poisoning",
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                    "firstName": "Tarun",
                    "lastName": "George"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Atif I.",
                    "lastName": "Shaikh"
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                    "firstName": "Lovely",
                    "lastName": "Thomas"
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                    "firstName": "Abhilash P.",
                    "lastName": "Kundavaram"
                }
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            "abstractNote": "Methemoglobinemia is an altered state of hemoglobin resulting in impaired oxygen delivery to the tissues. Deliberate ingestion of certain insecticides and pesticides may result in this condition. We report a case of severe methemoglobinemia after deliberate ingestion of an insecticide marketed to be safe and containing only biological extracts and fillers. Methemoglobinemia should be suspected with low oxygen saturation on pulse oxymetry and the presence of chocolate colored blood. The methemoglobin level of 91% in our patient is the highest level reported among methemoglobinemia survivors.",
            "publicationTitle": "Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine",
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            "date": "2014-2",
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            "pages": "113-114",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Indian J Crit Care Med",
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                    "firstName": "Hans G. J.",
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                    "lastName": "Zomer"
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                    "firstName": "Maarten",
                    "lastName": "de Koning"
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            "abstractNote": "The analytical capabilities of liquid chromatography with single-stage high-resolution mass spectrometry have been investigated with emphasis on qualitative aspects related to selective detection during screening and to identification. The study involved 21 different vegetable and fruit commodities, a screening database of 556 pesticides for evaluation of false positives, and a test set of 130 pesticides spiked to the commodities at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.20 mg/kg for evaluation of false negatives. The final method involved a QuEChERS-based sample preparation (without dSPE clean up) and full scan acquisition using alternating scan events without/with fragmentation, at a resolving power of 50,000. Analyte detection was based on extraction of the exact mass (±5 ppm) of the major adduct ion at the database retention time ±30 s and the presence of a second diagnostic ion. Various options for the additional ion were investigated and compared (other adduct ions, M + 1 or M + 2 isotopes, fragments). The two-ion approach for selective detection of the pesticides in the full scan data was compared with two alternative approaches based on response thresholds. Using the two-ion approach, the number of false positives out of 11,676 pesticide/commodity combinations targeted was 36 (0.3 %). The percentage of false negatives, assessed for 2,730 pesticide/commodity combinations, was 13 %, 3 %, and 1 % at the 0.01-, 0.05-, and 0.20-mg/kg level, respectively (slightly higher with fully automated detection). Following the SANCO/12495/2011 protocol for validation of screening methods, the screening detection limit was determined for 130 pesticides and found to be 0.01, 0.05, and ≥0.20 mg/kg for 86, 30, and 14 pesticides, respectively. For the detected pesticides in the spiked samples, the ability for unambiguous identification according to EU criteria was evaluated. A proposal for adaption of the criteria was made., \n          \n            Figure\n            \n              Extracted ion chromatograms showing availability of various diagnostic ions after analysis by LC with full scan high resolution MS, enabling selective detection \\and identification of pesticides. Example shown: propoxur at 0.01 mg/kg in apple.",
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            "pages": "2891-2908",
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            "DOI": "10.1007/s00216-012-6100-x",
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Sviluppo di applicativi informatizzati per la rapida valutazione del rischio nell’applicazione di pesticidi in viticoltura",
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                    "firstName": "S.",
                    "lastName": "Mandic-Rajcevic"
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "F. M.",
                    "lastName": "Rubino"
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                    "firstName": "G.",
                    "lastName": "Vianello"
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                    "firstName": "D.",
                    "lastName": "Cottica"
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                    "firstName": "S.",
                    "lastName": "Negri"
                },
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "G.",
                    "lastName": "Brambilla"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "C.",
                    "lastName": "Colosio"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro e di ergonomia",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2013-10",
            "volume": "35",
            "issue": "4, Supplemento",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "181-181",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "url": "http://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/228402",
            "accessDate": "2014-06-02T13:53:13Z",
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            "language": "ita",
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            "extra": "S. Mandic-Rajcevic, F.M. Rubino, G. Vianello, D. Cottica, S. Negri, G. Brambilla, C. Colosio",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "MED/44 - Medicina del Lavoro",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "field-studies",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "pesticides",
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                    "tag": "risk assessment",
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                    "tag": "vineyards",
                    "type": 1
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            "creatorSummary": "Dedola",
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        "data": {
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            "itemType": "thesis",
            "title": "Strategie di riduzione del rischio residuo nella difesa delle colture vitivinicole e del pomodoro",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Fabrizio",
                    "lastName": "Dedola"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "Background: Pesticides are used to control pests and diseases in modern agriculture but unfortunately their residues can be found on agricultural crops, and in the human’s dietary. Although the best way to decrease the risk associated with the presence of pesticides on agro-food\nis following organic farming techniques, most farmers may not avoid the use of chemicals in pest management strategies. A good approach to the problem should therefore guarantee good agricultural yields and low pesticide residues allowing the use of environmental safety pesticides on crops, so joining consumer’s safeness with farmer’s necessity. Results: The behaviour of various pesticides used in IPM strategies on grapes and tomatoes were studied. All the analytical methods showed good recoveries, and good separation of the molecules.\nRepeatability and intermediate precision showed good results, and LODs and LOQs were far below the MRLs set by EU for these pesticides in tomatoes and grapes. The analysis of pesticide residues on tomatoes showed that cv. with little berries accounted for higher residue levels than cv. with big berries. They also showed an high persistence of azoxystrobin, cyproconazole, cyprodinil,\npenconazole, tolclofos-methyl, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, famoxadone fenamidone, fenhexamid, iprodione, and a rapid degradation of triadimenol, cymoxanil, iprovalicarb, fenarimol, and fludioxonil. On grapes, the behaviour in field and the transfer to wine during winemaking of\niprovalicarb, indoxacarb, and boscalid, was studied. The residue levels found in grapes were far below the MRLs set for grapes in EU, accounting at harvest time 0.81, 0.43, and 4.23 mg/kg for iprovalicarb, indoxacarb, and boscalid, respectively. The residue levels in the samples treated with\nboscalid may have residual problems (due to an accumulation effect) if repeated field treatments will be performed. Winemaking experiments showed a complete transfer of all pesticide from grapes to the must, while in wine the residues were low or negligible due to the adsorbing effect of lees and pomace. The clarification experiments showed a good removal of pesticide residues from the wine media, for all pesticides. The data obtained in two years survey of pesticide residues on wines following IPM strategies, showed residues less than maximum residue limits (MRLs). The\nmost pesticides present a residue absent, some (benalaxyl, metalaxyl, iprovalicarb, penconazole, cymoxanil and thiophanate-metyl) showed a residual below the minimum limit of detection (LOD). No residues were found above the LOQ (0,01 mg/kg). Conclusions: The obtained data showed the possibility to get tomatoes and wine at \"zero residue\"\nor, at least, with residues below the limit of quantification (LOQ). The data collected on tomato\nhave also shown the difference in initial deposition of pesticide joined to the size of the berries in order to obtain products with lower pesticide residues, paying more attention to chemical treatments for the defense of cultivars with small berries.",
            "thesisType": "Doctoral Thesis",
            "university": "Universita' degli Studi di Cagliari",
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                    "tag": "CHIM/10 Chimica degli alimenti",
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            "title": "Y a-t-il trop de résidus de pesticides dans les fruits et légumes ?",
            "creators": [
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                    "firstName": "A",
                    "lastName": "Périquet"
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            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Sciences des Aliments",
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            "date": "2008-06-28",
            "volume": "28",
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            "pages": "205-211",
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            "DOI": "10.3166/sda.28.205-211",
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            "creatorSummary": "Knežević and Serdar",
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            "title": "Screening of fresh fruit and vegetables for pesticide residues on Croatian market",
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                    "firstName": "Maja",
                    "lastName": "Serdar"
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            "abstractNote": "The aim of this study was to investigate pesticide residues in market foods in Croatia. A total of 240 samples of fresh fruit and vegetables from import and domestic production were analyzed. Pesticide resides were determined by gas chromatography with mass selective detector (GC–MSD). Sample extract was cleaned up using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). In 66.7% of the samples no residues were found, 25.8% of samples contained pesticide residues at or below MRL, and 7.5% of samples contained pesticide residues above MRL. Most frequently found pesticides were imazalil (found in 35 samples) and chlorpyrifos (found in 24 samples). The findings of this study pointed to the following recommendations: the need for a monitoring program for pesticide residues in food crops, especially imported food crops.",
            "publicationTitle": "Food Control",
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            "date": "avril 2009",
            "volume": "20",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Food Control",
            "DOI": "10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.07.014",
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            "title": "RECHERCHES SUR LA CONTAMINATION PAR LES PESTICIDES D'ORGANISMES MARINS DES RÉSEAUX TROPHIQUES RÉCIFAUX DE POLYNÉSIE FRANÇAISE<br/>Researches on the contamination by pesticides of marine organisms within coral reef trophic webs in French Polynesia<br/>",
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        },
        "data": {
            "key": "U3W8WMI7",
            "version": 1109,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Variability of atmospheric pesticide concentrations between urban and rural areas during intensive pesticide application",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Anne",
                    "lastName": "Scheyer"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Stéphane",
                    "lastName": "Morville"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Philippe",
                    "lastName": "Mirabel"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Maurice",
                    "lastName": "Millet"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Intensive pesticide use leads to the contamination of water, soil and atmosphere. Atmospheric transport is responsible for pesticide dispersal over long distances. In this study, we evaluate the local dispersal of pesticides from agricultural to urban areas. For this purpose, three high-volume samplers, each equipped with a glass fiber filter and XAD-2 resin for the sampling of particulate and gas phase have been placed in a south-west transect (predominant wind direction) characteristic of rural and urban areas. The urban site (Strasbourg centre) is situated in the middle of two rural sites. Samples were taken simultaneously at three sites during pesticide treatments in autumn and spring 2002–2003. Sampling took place for 24 h at a flow rate of 10–15 m3 h−1. The pesticides studied were those commonly used in the Alsace region for all crops (maize, cereal, vines …). Many of the pesticides analysed in atmospheric samples were not detected or observed very episodically at very low concentrations. For metolachlor, alachlor, trifluralin, atrazine and diflufenican, higher concentrations were observed, essentially during the application of these compounds. Moreover, some “spraying peaks” were observed for alachlor in the south rural site (near crops) at a level of 31 ng m−3 on 16–17 May 2003. These results show site and time dependence of atmospheric contamination by pesticides. A limited dispersal was also observed especially in the urban area during the application periods of pesticides.",
            "publicationTitle": "Atmospheric Environment",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2007",
            "volume": "41",
            "issue": "",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "3604",
            "series": "2007",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com.rproxy.sc.univ-paris-diderot.fr/science/article/pii/S1352231007000155",
            "accessDate": "2012-07-18T22:28:42Z",
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            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Atmosphere"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Concentrations"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Contamination"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Diffusion"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Europe"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "France"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Particules"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Rural"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Strasbourg"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Urbain"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "XAD-2"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [
                "B6QCPMQW",
                "CQA499P4"
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Schreinemachers et al.",
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        "data": {
            "key": "X8HU7MEH",
            "version": 1108,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Cancer mortality in agricultural regions of Minnesota",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "D M",
                    "lastName": "Schreinemachers"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "J P",
                    "lastName": "Creason"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "V F",
                    "lastName": "Garry"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Because of its unique geology, Minnesota can be divided into four agricultural regions: south-central region one (corn, soybeans); west-central region two (wheat, corn, soybeans); northwest region three (wheat, sugar beets, potatoes); and northeast region four (forested and urban in character). Cancer mortality (1980-1989) in agricultural regions one, two, and three was compared to region four. Using data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics, cancer mortality was summarized by 5-year age groups, sex, race, and county. Age-standardized mortality rate ratios were calculated for white males and females for all ages combined, and for children aged 0-14. Increased mortality rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were observed for the following cancer sites: region one--lip (men), standardized rate ratio (SRR) = 2.70 (CI, 1.08-6.71); nasopharynx (women), SRR = 3.35 (CI, 1.20-9.31); region two--non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (women), SRR = 1.35 (CI, 1.09-1.66); and region three--prostate (men), SRR = 1.12 (CI, 1.00-1.26); thyroid (men), SRR = 2.95 (CI, 1.35-6.44); bone (men), SRR = 2.09 (CI, 1. 00-4.34); eye (women), SRR = 5.77 (CI, 1.90-17.50). Deficits of smoking-related cancers were noted. Excess cancers reported are consistent with earlier reports of agriculturally related cancers in the midwestern United States. However, reports on thyroid and bone cancer in association with agricultural pesticides are few in number. The highest use of fungicides occurs in region three. Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates, whose metabolite is a known cause of thyroid cancer in rats, are frequently applied. This report provides a rationale for evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of this suspect agent in humans.",
            "publicationTitle": "Environmental Health Perspectives",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "1999",
            "volume": "107",
            "issue": "3",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "205-211",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Environ Health Perspect",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "0091-6765",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost",
            "callNumber": "10064550",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Adolescent",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Adult",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Age Distribution",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Aged",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Agriculture/*statistics & numerical data",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Child",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Child, Preschool",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Confidence Intervals",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Databases, Factual/statistics & numerical data",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Environmental Pollutants/*adverse effects",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Female",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Humans",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Infant",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Infant, Newborn",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Male",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Middle Aged",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Minnesota/epidemiology",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Neoplasms/*mortality",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Neoplasms/chemically induced",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Odds Ratio",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Pesticides/*adverse effects",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Risk factors",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Rural Health/*statistics & numerical data",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Sex Distribution",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Topography, Medical",
                    "type": 1
                }
            ],
            "collections": [
                "E8QUV4T4"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-02-22T11:55:03Z",
            "dateModified": "2015-01-13T17:32:59Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "PU95T82F",
        "version": 1107,
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                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/envitra",
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                "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/82192/items/PU95T82F",
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                "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/envitra/items/PU95T82F",
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        "meta": {
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                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Scheyer et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2005",
            "numChildren": 1
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        "data": {
            "key": "PU95T82F",
            "version": 1107,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Analysis of some organochlorine pesticides in an urban atmosphere (Strasbourg, east of France)",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Anne",
                    "lastName": "Scheyer"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Cédra",
                    "lastName": "Graeff"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Stéphane",
                    "lastName": "Morville"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Philippe",
                    "lastName": "Mirabel"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Maurice",
                    "lastName": "Millet"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "High volume samples of urban air have been collected in Strasbourg, a big city situated in the east of France, for the evaluation of the contamination by organochlorine pesticides. Pesticides (p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDE, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, γ-HCH, cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor and some of their metabolites: α-HCH, 2,4′-DDT, 2,4′-DDD and 2,4′-DDE) were analysed by GC-ECD. Prior to analysis, samples were Soxhlet extracted with a mixture of n-hexane/methylene chloride. The analysis of samples collected in 2001 (n = 6), 2002 (n = 7) and 2003 (n = 5) shows that α-HCH and γ-HCH were detected in all samples (between 0.05 and 4 ng m−3 and between 0.01 and 1 ng m−3, respectively) along with aldrin and dieldrin at lower concentrations (between 0.01 and 0.08 ng m−3 and between 0.02 and 0.09 ng m−3, respectively). Other pesticides were detected very randomly at very low concentrations. The calculation of the α/γ-HCH ratio shows that hexachlorocyclohexane measured in the atmosphere have a local origin and come probably from contaminated soil by volatilisation. α and β-endosulfan were practically not detected in samples collected in 2001 and 2002 while they were always measured in the gas phase in samples from 2003. This observation can be explained by an increase of volatilisation with the increase of the air temperature. In July, temperature were higher (between 17 and 30 °C in climatic station) than in March–May 2001 and 2002 (between 2 and 19 and between 2 and 10, respectively).",
            "publicationTitle": "Chemosphere",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2005",
            "volume": "58",
            "issue": "",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "1517-1524",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com.rproxy.sc.univ-paris-diderot.fr/science/article/pii/S0045653504009671",
            "accessDate": "2012-07-24T15:53:38Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Atmosphere"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Concentrations"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Contamination"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Diffusion"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Europe"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Pesticides"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Strasbourg"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Urbain"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Volatilisation"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [
                "B6QCPMQW",
                "CQA499P4"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2012-07-24T15:53:38Z",
            "dateModified": "2015-01-13T17:32:28Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "JNTBMNH8",
        "version": 1106,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 82192,
            "name": "EnvitéRA",
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                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/envitra",
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        "meta": {
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                "username": "caschan",
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                    }
                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Bekarian et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2006",
            "numChildren": 1
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "JNTBMNH8",
            "version": 1106,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Use of point-of-sale data to track usage patterns of residential pesticides : methodology development",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "N",
                    "lastName": "Bekarian"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "D",
                    "lastName": "Payne-Sturges"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "S",
                    "lastName": "Edmondson"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "B",
                    "lastName": "Chism"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "TJ",
                    "lastName": "Woodruff"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND:\n\nResidential-use pesticides have been shown to be a major source of pesticide exposure to people in the United States. However, little is understood about the exposures to household pesticides and the resultant health effects. One reason that little is known about home-use pesticide exposure is the lack of comprehensive data on exposures to pesticides in the home. One method to help ascertain the amount of pesticides present in the home is use of point-of-sale data collected from marketing companies that track product sales to obtain the volume of pesticides sold for home-use. This provides a measure of volume of home-use pesticide.\nMETHODS:\n\nWe have constructed a searchable database containing sales data for home-use permethrin-containing pesticides sold by retail stores in the United States from January 1997 through December 2002 in an attempt to develop a tracking method for pesticide. This pilot project was conducted to determine if point-of-sale data would be effective in helping track the purchase of home-use permethrin containing pesticides and if it would stand as a good model for tracking sales of other home-use pesticides.\nRESULTS:\n\nThere are several limitations associated with this tracking method, including the availability of sales data, market coverage, and geographic resolution. As a result, a fraction of sales data potentially available for reporting is represented in this database. However, the database is sensitive to the number and type of merchants reporting permethrin sales. Further, analysis of the sale of individual products included in the database indicates that year to year variability has a greater impact on reported permethrin sales than the amount sold by each type of merchant.\nCONCLUSION:\n\nWe conclude that, while nothing could completely replace a detailed exposure assessment to estimate exposures to home-use pesticides, a point-of-sale database is a useful tool in tracking the purchase of these types of pesticides to 1) detect anomalous trends in regional and seasonal pesticide sales warranting further investigation into the potential causes of the trends; 2) determine the most commonly purchased application types; and 3) compare relative trends in sales between indoor and outdoor use products as well as compare trends in sales between different active ingredients.",
            "publicationTitle": "Environmental Health",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2006",
            "volume": "25",
            "issue": "5",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "15",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.rproxy.sc.univ-paris-diderot.fr/pubmed/16725037",
            "accessDate": "2012-11-12T23:24:59Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "",
            "archive": "",
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            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Agriculture"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Base de données"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Collecte données"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Méthodologie"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Pesticides"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Résidence"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "SIg"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "USA"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Ventes"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "exposition de la population"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [
                "B6QCPMQW",
                "NSEVXTTR"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2012-11-12T23:24:59Z",
            "dateModified": "2015-01-13T17:28:47Z"
        }
    },
    {
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        "version": 1105,
        "library": {
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            "id": 82192,
            "name": "EnvitéRA",
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                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/envitra",
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                }
            }
        },
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Parrón et al.",
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        },
        "data": {
            "key": "ZR32BWCD",
            "version": 1105,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Association between environmental exposure to pesticides and neurodegenerative diseases",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "T",
                    "lastName": "Parrón"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M",
                    "lastName": "Requena"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "AF",
                    "lastName": "Hernández"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "R",
                    "lastName": "Alarcón"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Preliminary studies have shown associations between chronic pesticide exposure in occupational settings and neurological disorders. However, data on the effects of long-term non-occupational exposures are too sparse to allow any conclusions. This study examines the influence of environmental pesticide exposure on a number of neuropsychiatric conditions and discusses their underlying pathologic mechanisms. An ecological study was conducted using averaged prevalence rates of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebral degeneration, polyneuropathies, affective psychosis and suicide attempts in selected Andalusian health districts categorized into areas of high and low environmental pesticide exposure based on the number of hectares devoted to intensive agriculture and pesticide sales per capita. A total of 17,429 cases were collected from computerized hospital records (minimum dataset) between 1998 and 2005. Prevalence rates and the risk of having Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and suicide were significantly higher in districts with greater pesticide use as compared to those with lower pesticide use. The multivariate analyses showed that the population living in areas with high pesticide use had an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease and suicide attempts and that males living in these areas had increased risks for polyneuropathies, affective disorders and suicide attempts. In conclusion, this study supports and extends previous findings and provides an indication that environmental exposure to pesticides may affect the human health by increasing the incidence of certain neurological disorders at the level of the general population.",
            "publicationTitle": "Toxicology And Applied Pharmacology",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2011",
            "volume": "256",
            "issue": "",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "379-85",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "",
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            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Agriculture"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Alzheimer"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Epidémiologie"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Espagne"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Etude écologique"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Europe"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Maladies neurodégénératives"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Parkinson"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Pesticides"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Santé"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Suicides"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "exposition de la population"
                }
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            "title": "Environmental exposure to organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides in South Australian preschool children : a cross sectional study",
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "K",
                    "lastName": "Babina"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M",
                    "lastName": "Dollard"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "L",
                    "lastName": "Pilotto"
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                {
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                    "firstName": "JW",
                    "lastName": "Edwards"
                }
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            "abstractNote": "Organophosphorus (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) compounds are the most widely used insecticides. OPs and PYRs are developmental neurotoxicants. Understanding the extent of exposure in the general population and especially in young children is important for the development of public health policy on regulation and use of these chemicals. Presented here are the results of the first investigation into the extent of environmental exposure to neurotoxic insecticides in preschool children in South Australia (SA). Children were enrolled from different areas of SA and assigned into urban, periurban and rural groups according to their residential address. Residential proximity to agricultural activity, parental occupational contact to insecticides and use of insecticides within the household were investigated as potential indirect measures of exposure. We used liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to measure the following metabolites of OPs and PYRs in urine samples as direct indicators of exposure: dialkylphosphates, p-nitrophenol, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, 2-methyl-3phenylbenzoic acid and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid. Results were analysed to assess factors affecting the risk and level of exposure. Results were also compared to the published data in similar age groups from US and German studies. The results of this study demonstrate that there was widespread chronic exposure to OPs and and PYRs in SA children. OP metabolites were detected more commonly than PYR. Exposure to more than one chemical and contemporaneous exposure to chemicals from both OP and PYR groups was common in the study population. There were some differences in risks and levels of exposure between the study groups. Exposure to some restricted use of chemicals, for example, fenitrothion, was higher in periurban and rural children. There was no difference among the study groups in exposure to chlorpyrifos, used commonly in agriculture and in domestic settings and most frequently found OP pesticide in food in Australia. South Australian children appear to have higher levels of exposure compared their peers in US and Germany.",
            "publicationTitle": "Environment international",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2012",
            "volume": "48",
            "issue": "",
            "section": "",
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            "pages": "109-120",
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            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Allemagne"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Australie"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Comparaison Urbain/rural"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Enfants"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Pesticides"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "USA"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Urines"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "expoistion de la population"
                }
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            "title": "Pesticide exposure of non-occupationally exposed subjects compared to some occupational exposure: A French pilot study",
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                    "firstName": "G.",
                    "lastName": "Bouvier"
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                    "lastName": "Blanchard"
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                    "lastName": "Momas"
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                    "firstName": "N.",
                    "lastName": "Seta"
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            "abstractNote": "Data about non-dietary exposure to different chemical classes of pesticides are scarce, especially in France. Our objective was to assess residential pesticide exposure of non-occupationally exposed adults, and to compare it with occupational exposure of subjects working indoors. Twenty unexposed persons, five gardeners, seven florists and nine veterinary workers living in Paris area were recruited. Nineteen residences, two greenhouses, three florist shops and three veterinary departments were then sampled. Thirty-eight insecticides, herbicides and fungicides were measured in indoor air with an air sampler for 24 h, and on hands by wiping them with isopropanol-wetted swabs. After extraction, samples were analysed by gas and high-performance liquid chromatography. Seventeen different pesticides were detected at least once in indoor air and twenty-one on the hands. An average of 4.2 ± 1.7 different pesticides was detected per indoor air sample. The organochlorines lindane, α-endosulfan and α-HCH were the most frequently detected compounds, in 97%, 69% and 38% of the samples, respectively. The organophosphates dichlorvos and fenthion, the carbamate propoxur and the herbicides atrazine and alachlor were detected in more than 20% of the air samples. Indoor air concentrations were often low, but could reach 200–300 ng/m3 in residences for atrazine and propoxur. Propoxur levels significantly differed between the air of veterinary places and other places (Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.05) and dieldrin levels between residences and workplaces (p < 0.05). There was a greater number of pesticides on hands than in air, with an average of 6.3 ± 3.3 different pesticides detected per sample, the most frequently detected being malathion, lindane and trifluralin, in more than 60% of the subjects. Maximal levels (up to 1000–3000 ng/hands) were observed either in the general population or in workers, depending on the pesticide. However, no significant difference was observed between workers and general population handwipe pesticide levels. As expected, gardeners were exposed to pesticides sprayed in greenhouses. Florists and veterinary workers, whose pesticide exposure had not been described until now, were also indirectly exposed to pesticides used for former pest control operations. Overall, general population was exposed to more various pesticides and at levels sometimes higher than in occupational places. The most frequent pesticides in residences were not the same as in US studies but levels were similar. These preliminary results need to be confirmed in a greater number of residences from different parts of the country, in order to better assess pesticide exposure of the general population and its influencing factors.",
            "publicationTitle": "Science of the total environnement",
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            "date": "2006",
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            "title": "Pesticide et santé",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Claude",
                    "lastName": "Gatignol"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jean-Claude",
                    "lastName": "Étienne"
                }
            ],
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            "reportNumber": "2463",
            "reportType": "Rapport parlementaire",
            "institution": "Office parlementaire d'évaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques",
            "place": "Paris",
            "date": "2010",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesNumber": "",
            "pages": "262",
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            "dateAdded": "2012-07-07T15:05:58Z",
            "dateModified": "2015-01-13T16:44:54Z"
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    },
    {
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            "creatorSummary": "Allpress",
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        "data": {
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            "title": "A GIS-based method for household recruitment in a prospective pesticide exposure study",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Justine LE",
                    "lastName": "Allpress"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Background\n\nRecent advances in GIS technology and remote sensing have provided new opportunities to collect ecologic data on agricultural pesticide exposure. Many pesticide studies have used historical or records-based data on crops and their associated pesticide applications to estimate exposure by measuring residential proximity to agricultural fields. Very few of these studies collected environmental and biological samples from study participants. One of the reasons for this is the cost of identifying participants who reside near study fields and analyzing samples obtained from them. In this paper, we present a cost-effective, GIS-based method for crop field selection and household recruitment in a prospective pesticide exposure study in a remote location. For the most part, our multi-phased approach was carried out in a research facility, but involved two brief episodes of fieldwork for ground truthing purposes. This method was developed for a larger study designed to examine the validity of indirect pesticide exposure estimates by comparing measured exposures in household dust, water and urine with records-based estimates that use crop location, residential proximity and pesticide application data. The study focused on the pesticide atrazine, a broadleaf herbicide used in corn production and one of the most widely-used pesticides in the U.S.\nResults\n\nWe successfully used a combination of remotely-sensed data, GIS-based methods and fieldwork to select study fields and recruit participants in Illinois, a state with high corn production and heavy atrazine use. Our several-step process consisted of the identification of potential study fields and residential areas using aerial photography; verification of crop patterns and land use via site visits; development of a GIS-based algorithm to define recruitment areas around crop fields; acquisition of geocoded household-level data within each recruitment area from a commercial vendor; and confirmation of final participant household locations via ground truthing. The use of these procedures resulted in a sufficient sample of participants from 14 recruitment areas in seven Illinois counties.\nConclusion\n\nOne of the challenges in pesticide research is the identification and recruitment of study participants, which is time consuming and costly, especially when the study site is in a remote location. We have demonstrated how GIS-based processes can be used to recruit participants, increase efficiency and enhance accuracy. The method that we used ultimately made it possible to collect biological samples from a specific demographic group within strictly defined exposure areas, with little advance knowledge of the location or population.",
            "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Health Geographics",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2008",
            "volume": "7",
            "issue": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "",
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            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://www.ij-healthgeographics.com/content/7/1/18",
            "accessDate": "2012-07-18T10:32:36Z",
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            "dateAdded": "2012-07-18T10:32:36Z",
            "dateModified": "2015-01-09T15:13:29Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "TPKJHEJC",
        "version": 1094,
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Coparly et al.",
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        },
        "data": {
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            "version": 1094,
            "itemType": "report",
            "title": "Suivi des pesticides dans l’air ambiant. Mesures réalisées en 2007-2008 en secteur de viticulture (69), de grandes cultures (38) et en zone péri-urbaine (07)",
            "creators": [
                {
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                    "lastName": "Coparly"
                },
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                    "firstName": "",
                    "lastName": "Supair"
                },
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                    "firstName": "",
                    "lastName": "Atmo-Drôme-Ardèche"
                }
            ],
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            "reportType": "Scientific",
            "institution": "Coparly, Supair, Atmo-Drôme-Ardèche",
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            "date": "2010",
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            "seriesNumber": "",
            "pages": "55",
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