[ { "key": "9R7ACVFB", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 81727, "name": "eh3_2012 Sitting P.A.", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a.", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/81727/items/9R7ACVFB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a./items/9R7ACVFB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 570025, "username": "computer1", "name": "mg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9R7ACVFB", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Körperliche Aktivität und Gesamtsterblichkeit: neue Metaanalyse zur Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung | universimed.com", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://kardiologie-gefaessmedizin.universimed.com/artikel/k%C3%B6rperliche-aktivit%C3%A4t-und-gesamtsterblichkeit-neue-metaanalyse-z", "accessDate": "2012-07-10T11:44:44Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-10T11:44:44Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-10T11:44:44Z" } }, { "key": "F7E2J2Z6", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 81727, "name": "eh3_2012 Sitting P.A.", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a.", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/81727/items/F7E2J2Z6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a./items/F7E2J2Z6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 570025, "username": "computer1", "name": "mg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Department of Health", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "F7E2J2Z6", "version": 2, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Sedentary Behavoiur and Obesity: Review of the Current Scientific Evidence", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Department of Health" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_128225.pdf", "accessDate": "2012-07-05T11:56:03Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-05T11:56:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-05T11:57:10Z" } }, { "key": "RIGSDTC8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 81727, "name": "eh3_2012 Sitting P.A.", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a.", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/81727/items/RIGSDTC8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a./items/RIGSDTC8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 570025, "username": "computer1", "name": "mg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Health", "parsedDate": "2011-07-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RIGSDTC8", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "UK physical activity guidelines", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Department of", "lastName": "Health" } ], "abstractNote": "The guidelines are the first UK-wide guidelines to be published. Physical activity should be encouraged across the population. The risks of engaging in physical activity are low for most of the population, but the risks of poor health resulting from inactivity are high. There is a clear link between physical activity and chronic disease.", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "Publication", "date": "2011-07-11", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_127931", "accessDate": "2012-07-05T11:55:06Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "rights": "", "extra": "The guidelines are the first UK-wide guidelines to be published. Physical activity should be encouraged across the population. The risks of engaging in physical activity are low for most of the population, but the risks of poor health resulting from inactivity are high. There is a clear link between physical activity and chronic disease.", "tags": [ { "tag": "Exercise and training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Guidelines", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health services and health service management", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health, well-being and care", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Leisure and culture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical activity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "activity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "exercise", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "guidance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "physical exercise", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-05T11:55:06Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-05T11:55:06Z" } }, { "key": "XBJJPWVE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 81727, "name": "eh3_2012 Sitting P.A.", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a.", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/81727/items/XBJJPWVE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a./items/XBJJPWVE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 570025, "username": "computer1", "name": "mg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XBJJPWVE", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans: Glossary", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/guidelines/Glossary.aspx", "accessDate": "2012-07-05T11:54:44Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-05T11:54:44Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-05T11:54:44Z" } }, { "key": "2PIDCQGT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 81727, "name": "eh3_2012 Sitting P.A.", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a.", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/81727/items/2PIDCQGT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a./items/2PIDCQGT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 570025, "username": "computer1", "name": "mg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2PIDCQGT", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans: Chapter 8", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/guidelines/Chapter8.aspx", "accessDate": "2012-07-05T11:54:35Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-05T11:54:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-05T11:54:35Z" } }, { "key": "JMJI6PU8", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 81727, "name": "eh3_2012 Sitting P.A.", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a.", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/81727/items/JMJI6PU8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a./items/JMJI6PU8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 572421, "username": "laptop1", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laptop1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Katzmarzyk and Lee", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "JMJI6PU8", "version": 5, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Sedentary behaviour and life expectancy in the USA: a cause-deleted life table analysis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. T.", "lastName": "Katzmarzyk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I.-M.", "lastName": "Lee" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "04/2012", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://press.psprings.co.uk/Open/june/bmjopen828.pdf", "accessDate": "2012-06-26T09:32:02Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-000828", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-26T09:32:30Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-26T12:39:04Z" } }, { "key": "AA9GTT9X", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 81727, "name": "eh3_2012 Sitting P.A.", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a.", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/81727/items/AA9GTT9X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a./items/AA9GTT9X", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 572421, "username": "laptop1", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laptop1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "van der Ploeg et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AA9GTT9X", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Sitting Time and All-Cause Mortality Risk in 222 497 Australian Adults", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H. P.", "lastName": "van der Ploeg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Chey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. J.", "lastName": "Korda" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Banks" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Bauman" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Archives of Internal Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "03/2012", "volume": "172", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "494-500", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1001/archinternmed.2011.2174", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1108810", "accessDate": "2012-06-26T08:56:54Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-9926", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-26T08:56:54Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-26T12:33:34Z" } }, { "key": "CPS5FEA4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 81727, "name": "eh3_2012 Sitting P.A.", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a.", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/81727/items/CPS5FEA4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a./items/CPS5FEA4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 572421, "username": "laptop1", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laptop1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ford", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "CPS5FEA4", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Combined television viewing and computer use and mortality from all-causes and diseases of the circulatory system among adults in the United States", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E. S.", "lastName": "Ford" } ], "abstractNote": "Watching television and using a computer are increasingly common sedentary behaviors. Whether or not prolonged screen time increases the risk for mortality remains uncertain.", "publicationTitle": "BMC Public Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "01/2012", "volume": "12", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "70", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1186/1471-2458-12-70", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/70/abstract", "accessDate": "2012-06-26T09:11:00Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1471-2458", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.biomedcentral.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "2012 Ford; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Sedentary lifestyle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Television", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "mortality", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-26T09:11:00Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-26T12:31:34Z" } }, { "key": "TRTZDSS3", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 81727, "name": "eh3_2012 Sitting P.A.", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a.", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/81727/items/TRTZDSS3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a./items/TRTZDSS3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 572421, "username": "laptop1", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laptop1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Inoue et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TRTZDSS3", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Daily Total Physical Activity Level and Premature Death in Men and Women: Results From a Large-Scale Population-Based Cohort Study in Japan (JPHC Study)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Inoue" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Iso" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Yamamoto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Kurahashi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Iwasaki" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Sasazuki" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Tsugane" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Annals of Epidemiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "07/2008", "volume": "18", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "522-530", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.03.008", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.annalsofepidemiology.org/article/S1047-2797(08)00063-X/abstract", "accessDate": "2012-06-26T08:41:31Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "10472797", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Daily Total Physical Activity Level and Premature Death in Men and Women", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-26T08:41:31Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-26T12:30:36Z" } }, { "key": "JRE374B3", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 81727, "name": "eh3_2012 Sitting P.A.", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a.", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/81727/items/JRE374B3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a./items/JRE374B3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 572421, "username": "laptop1", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laptop1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Matthews et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-02-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "JRE374B3", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors and cause-specific mortality in US adults", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charles E.", "lastName": "Matthews" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephanie M.", "lastName": "George" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steven C.", "lastName": "Moore" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Heather R.", "lastName": "Bowles" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Blair" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y.", "lastName": "Park" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. P.", "lastName": "Troiano" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Hollenbeck" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Schatzkin" } ], "abstractNote": "Background: Sedentary behaviors predominate modern life, yet we do not fully understand the adverse effects of these behaviors on mortality after considering the benefits of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).\nObjective: We tested the hypotheses that higher amounts of overall sitting time and television viewing are positively associated with mortality and described the independent and combined effects of these sedentary behaviors and MVPA on mortality.\nDesign: In the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, we examined 240,819 adults (aged 50–71 y) who did not report any cancer, cardiovascular disease, or respiratory disease at baseline. Mortality was ascertained over 8.5 y.\nResults: Sedentary behaviors were positively associated with mortality after adjustment for age, sex, education, smoking, diet, race, and MVPA. Participants who reported the most television viewing (≥7 h compared with <1 h/d) were at greater risk of all-cause (HR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.47, 1.76), cardiovascular (HR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.56, 2.20), and cancer (HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.40) mortality after adjustment for MVPA. Overall sitting was associated with all-cause mortality. Even among adults reporting high levels of MVPA (>7 h/wk), high amounts of television viewing (≥7 h/d) remained associated with increased risk of all-cause (HR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.79) and cardiovascular (HR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.33, 3.00) mortality compared with those reporting the least television viewing (<1 h/d).\nConclusions: Time spent in sedentary behaviors was positively associated with mortality, and participation in high levels of MVPA did not fully mitigate health risks associated with prolonged time watching television. Adults should be encouraged to reduce time spent in sedentary behaviors, when possible, and to participate in MVPA at recommended levels. The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00340015.", "publicationTitle": "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012-02-01", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Clin Nutr", "DOI": "10.3945/ajcn.111.019620", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ajcn.org/content/early/2012/01/04/ajcn.111.019620", "accessDate": "2012-06-26T09:04:03Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0002-9165, 1938-3207", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.ajcn.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-26T09:04:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-26T12:25:39Z" } }, { "key": "EPT55RQA", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 81727, "name": "eh3_2012 Sitting P.A.", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a.", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/81727/items/EPT55RQA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a./items/EPT55RQA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 572421, "username": "laptop1", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laptop1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dunstan et al.", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "EPT55RQA", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Television Viewing Time and Mortality The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. W.", "lastName": "Dunstan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.l.M.", "lastName": "Barr" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.N.", "lastName": "Healy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Salmon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. E.", "lastName": "Shaw" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Balkau" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. J.", "lastName": "Magliano" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. J.", "lastName": "Cameron" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. Z.", "lastName": "Zimmet" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Owen" } ], "abstractNote": "Background— Television viewing time, the predominant leisure-time sedentary behavior, is associated with biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk, but its relationship with mortality has not been studied. We examined the associations of prolonged television viewing time with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and non-CVD/noncancer mortality in Australian adults.\nMethods and Results— Television viewing time in relation to subsequent all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality (median follow-up, 6.6 years) was examined among 8800 adults ≥25 years of age in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). During 58 087 person-years of follow-up, there were 284 deaths (87 CVD deaths, 125 cancer deaths). After adjustment for age, sex, waist circumference, and exercise, the hazard ratios for each 1-hour increment in television viewing time per day were 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.20) for all-cause mortality, 1.18 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.35) for CVD mortality, and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.23) for cancer mortality. Compared with a television viewing time of <2 h/d, the fully adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 1.13 (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.36) for ≥2 to <4 h/d and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.04 to 2.05) for ≥4 h/d. For CVD mortality, corresponding hazard ratios were 1.19 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.99) and 1.80 (95% CI, 1.00 to 3.25). The associations with both cancer mortality and non-CVD/noncancer mortality were not significant.\nConclusions— Television viewing time was associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. In addition to the promotion of exercise, chronic disease prevention strategies could focus on reducing sitting time, particularly prolonged television viewing.", "publicationTitle": "Circulation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "01/2010", "volume": "121", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "384-391", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Circulation", "DOI": "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.894824", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/121/3/384", "accessDate": "2012-06-26T09:08:07Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0009-7322, 1524-4539", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "circ.ahajournals.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "epidemiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "exercise", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "lifestyle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "mortality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "obesity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "risk factors", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-26T09:08:07Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-26T12:24:43Z" } }, { "key": "2XWVTQRP", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 81727, "name": "eh3_2012 Sitting P.A.", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a.", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/81727/items/2XWVTQRP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a./items/2XWVTQRP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 572421, "username": "laptop1", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laptop1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Warren et al.", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "2XWVTQRP", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Sedentary Behaviors Increase Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Men", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tatiana Y.", "lastName": "Warren" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vaughn", "lastName": "Barry" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steven P.", "lastName": "Hooker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xuemei", "lastName": "Sui" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Timothy S.", "lastName": "Church" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steven N.", "lastName": "Blair" } ], "abstractNote": "Purpose\nTo examine the relationship between two sedentary behaviors (riding in car and watching television) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in men in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study.\n\nMethods\nParticipants were 7,744 men (20-89 yr) initially free of CVD who returned a mail-back survey during 1982. Time spent watching TV and riding in a car were reported. Mortality data were ascertained through the National Death Index till Dec 31, 2003. Cox regression analysis quantified the association between sedentary behaviors (hr/wk watching television, hr/wk riding in car, total hr/wk in these two behaviors) and CVD mortality rates.\n\nResults\n377 CVD deaths occurred during 21 years of follow-up. After age-adjustment, time riding in a car and combined time spent in these two sedentary behaviors were positively (p trend <.001) associated with CVD death. Men who reported >10 hrs/wk riding in a car or >23 hr/wk of combined sedentary behavior had 82% and 64% greater risk of dying from CVD than those who reported <4 hr/wk or <11 hr/wk, respectively. The pattern of the association did not materially change after multivariate adjustment. Regardless of the amount of sedentary activity reported by these men, being older, normal weight, normotensive, and physically active was associated with a reduced risk of CVD death.\n\nConclusion\nIn men, riding in a car and combined time spent in these two sedentary behaviors were significant CVD mortality predictors. Additionally, high levels of physical activity were related to notably lower rates of CVD death even in the presence of high levels of sedentary behavior. Health promotion efforts targeting physically inactive men should emphasize both reducing sedentary activity and increasing regular physical activity for optimal cardiovascular health.", "publicationTitle": "Medicine and science in sports and exercise", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "05/2010", "volume": "42", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "879-885", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Med Sci Sports Exerc", "DOI": "10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181c3aa7e", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0195-9131", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed Central", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 19996993\nPMCID: PMC2857522", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-26T09:09:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-26T12:22:44Z" } }, { "key": "4EFBR68X", "version": 2, "library": { 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"e3dfcddaca94785ceb0ea43207d8b628", "mtime": 1340701443405, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-26T09:04:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-26T09:04:03Z" } }, { "key": "ZD8EI3FA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 81727, "name": "eh3_2012 Sitting P.A.", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a.", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/81727/items/ZD8EI3FA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a./items/ZD8EI3FA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 572421, "username": "laptop1", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laptop1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Katzmarzyk et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-05", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "ZD8EI3FA", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Sitting time and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter T", "lastName": "Katzmarzyk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Timothy S", "lastName": "Church" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cora L", "lastName": "Craig" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Claude", "lastName": "Bouchard" } ], "abstractNote": "PURPOSE\n\nAlthough moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is related to premature mortality, the relationship between sedentary behaviors and mortality has not been fully explored and may represent a different paradigm than that associated with lack of exercise. We prospectively examined sitting time and mortality in a representative sample of 17,013 Canadians 18-90 yr of age.\n\n\nMETHODS\n\nEvaluation of daily sitting time (almost none of the time, one fourth of the time, half of the time, three fourths of the time, almost all of the time), leisure time physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption was conducted at baseline. Participants were followed prospectively for an average of 12.0 yr for the ascertainment of mortality status.\n\n\nRESULTS\n\nThere were 1832 deaths (759 of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 547 of cancer) during 204,732 person-yr of follow-up. After adjustment for potential confounders, there was a progressively higher risk of mortality across higher levels of sitting time from all causes (hazard ratios (HR): 1.00, 1.00, 1.11, 1.36, 1.54; P for trend <0.0001) and CVD (HR:1.00, 1.01, 1.22, 1.47, 1.54; P for trend <0.0001) but not cancer. Similar results were obtained when stratified by sex, age, smoking status, and body mass index. Age-adjusted all-cause mortality rates per 10,000 person-yr of follow-up were 87, 86, 105, 130, and 161 (P for trend <0.0001) in physically inactive participants and 75, 69, 76, 98, 105 (P for trend = 0.008) in active participants across sitting time categories.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\n\nThese data demonstrate a dose-response association between sitting time and mortality from all causes and CVD, independent of leisure time physical activity. In addition to the promotion of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and a healthy weight, physicians should discourage sitting for extended periods.", "publicationTitle": "Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2009", "volume": "41", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "998-1005", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Med Sci Sports Exerc", "DOI": "10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181930355", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19346988", "accessDate": "2012-06-26T08:52:52Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1530-0315", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 19346988", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Canada", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cardiovascular Diseases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cause of Death", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neoplasms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rest", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Survival Analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Young Adult", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-26T08:52:52Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-26T08:52:52Z" } }, { "key": "DTCCK36M", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 81727, "name": "eh3_2012 Sitting P.A.", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a.", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/81727/items/DTCCK36M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/eh3_2012_sitting_p.a./items/DTCCK36M", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/81727/items/TRTZDSS3", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 572421, "username": "laptop1", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laptop1", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "DTCCK36M", "version": 2, "parentItem": "TRTZDSS3", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Daily Total Physical Activity Level and Premature Death in Men and Women: Results From a Large-Scale Population-Based Cohort Study in Japan (JPHC Study)", "accessDate": "2012-06-26T08:41:31Z", "url": "http://www.annalsofepidemiology.org/article/S1047-2797(08)00063-X/abstract", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "abstract.html", "md5": "fc6a30eb856c8c358ddcb8063f91071f", "mtime": 1340700091739, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-26T08:41:31Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-26T08:41:31Z" } } ]