the blog, not a blog post
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-08-02T09:23:08Z", "dateModified": "2012-08-02T09:23:08Z" } }, { "key": "2TIII86J", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79988, "name": "cyc4lib Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79988/items/2TIII86J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography/items/2TIII86J", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1039583, "username": "hairat", "name": "Michael Rathai", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hairat", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Minetti et al.", "parsedDate": "2001-07-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "2TIII86J", "version": 6, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "From bipedalism to bicyclism: evolution in energetics and biomechanics of historic bicycles", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alberto E. ", "lastName": "Minetti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John ", "lastName": "Pinkerton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paola ", "lastName": "Zamparo" } ], "abstractNote": "We measured the metabolic cost (C) and mechanical work of riding historic bicycles at different speeds: these bicycles included the Hobby Horse (1820s), the Boneshaker (1860s), the High Wheeler (1870s), the Rover (1880s), the Safety (1890s) and a modern bicycle (1980s) as a mean of comparison. The rolling resistance and air resistance of each vehicle were assessed. The mechanical internal work (WINT) was measured from three–dimensional motion analysis of the Hobby Horse and modern bicycle moving on a treadmill at different speeds. The equation obtained from the modern bicycle data was applied to the other vehicles. We found the following results. (i) Apart from the Rover, which was introduced for safety reasons, every newly invented bicycle improved metabolic economy. (ii) The rolling resistance decreased with subsequent designs while the frontal area and, hence, aerodynamic drag was fairly constant (except for the High Wheeler). (iii) The saddle–assisted body weight relief (which was inaugurated by the Hobby Horse) was responsible for most of the reduction in metabolic cost compared with walking or running. Further reductions in C were due to decreases in stride/pedalling frequency and, hence, WINT at the same speeds. (iv) The introduction of gear ratios allowed the use of pedalling frequencies that optimize the power/contraction velocity properties of the propulsive muscles. As a consequence, net mechanical efficiency (the ratio between the total mechanical work and C) was almost constant (0.273 ± 0.015 s.d.) for all bicycle designs, despite the increase in cruising speed. In the period from 1820 to 1890, improved design of bicycles increased the metabolically equivalent speed by threefold compared with walking at an average pace of ca. + 0.5 ms−1. The speed gain was the result of concurrent technological advancements in wheeled, human-powered vehicles and of ‘smart’ adaptation of the same actuator (the muscle) to different operational conditions.", "publicationTitle": "London", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jul. 7, 2001", "volume": "268", "issue": "1474", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1351-1360", "series": "Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B", "DOI": "10.1098/rspb.2001.1662", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://biosport.ucdavis.edu/lab-meetings/PhysHistBicycle.pdf", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0962-8452 , eISSN 1471-2954", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "From Bipedalism to Bicyclism", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "doi: 10.1098/rspb.2001.1662\nProc. R. Soc. Lond. B 7 July 2001 vol. 268 no. 1474 1351-1360", "tags": [ { "tag": "cycling history" } ], "collections": [ "ZW9GFFF6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-14T13:41:27Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-14T19:45:49Z" } }, { "key": "4NM88M8K", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79988, "name": "cyc4lib Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79988/items/4NM88M8K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography/items/4NM88M8K", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79988/items/2TIII86J", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1039583, "username": "hairat", "name": "Michael Rathai", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hairat", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4NM88M8K", "version": 1, "parentItem": "2TIII86J", "itemType": "note", "note": "via Patrick Otton via cyc4lib mailing list
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-14T14:03:55Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-14T14:03:55Z" } }, { "key": "63S4I8HG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79988, "name": "cyc4lib Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79988/items/63S4I8HG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography/items/63S4I8HG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1039583, "username": "hairat", "name": "Michael Rathai", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hairat", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Thiede", "parsedDate": "2011-06-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "63S4I8HG", "version": 1, "itemType": "blogPost", "title": "Cycling for Libraries - eine Presseschau", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Doreen", "lastName": "Thiede" } ], "abstractNote": "press review / Presseschau - Die Aktion \"Cycling for Libraries – Radeln für Bibliotheken\" war ein großer Erfolg und sowohl die Tour als solche, als auch ihre Protagonisten, haben in der Presse einige Spuren hinterlassen, die ich an dieser Stelle zu bündeln versuche. Ergänzungen sind jederzeit willkommen", "blogTitle": "Bibliothekarisch – die berufliche Tätigkeit eines/er Bibliothekars/in betreffend.", "websiteType": "Weblog", "date": "15.6.2011", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://bibliothekarisch.de/blog/2011/06/15/cycling-for-libraries-eine-presseschau/", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "german", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "2011" }, { "tag": "C4L" }, { "tag": "cyc4lib" }, { "tag": "press" } ], "collections": [ "457X9H3T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-06T07:13:41Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-06T07:13:41Z" } }, { "key": "76VVJV6U", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79988, "name": "cyc4lib Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79988/items/76VVJV6U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography/items/76VVJV6U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 172826, "username": "Till Kinstler", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/till_kinstler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brown", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "76VVJV6U", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Sheldon Brown's Bicycle Technical Info", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sheldon", "lastName": "Brown" } ], "abstractNote": "Sheldon Brown (July 14, 1944 – February 4, 2008) was an American bicycle mechanic and technical authority on bicycles. He contributed to numerous print and online sources related to bicycling, bicycle mechanics and maintenance, including his own website, and received numerous awards for his contributions (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheldon_Brown_(bicycle_mechanic) )\n\nOn this web site you can find tons of his profound bicycle knowledge, it's a very valuable resource for all questions around bicycle technology.", "websiteTitle": "Sheldon Brown's Bicycle Technical Info", "websiteType": "private web site", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sheldonbrown.com/", "accessDate": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "bicycle technology" }, { "tag": "selfhelp" } ], "collections": [ "ZW9GFFF6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-05T12:15:41Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-05T12:15:41Z" } }, { "key": "4MMIFFRC", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79988, "name": "cyc4lib Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79988/items/4MMIFFRC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography/items/4MMIFFRC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1039583, "username": "hairat", "name": "Michael Rathai", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hairat", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 172826, "username": "Till Kinstler", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/till_kinstler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Shklyar and Шкляр", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4MMIFFRC", "version": 2, "itemType": "blogPost", "title": "Велобиблиотекари – друзья шпионов", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ekaterina ", "lastName": "Shklyar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Екатерина", "lastName": "Шкляр" } ], "abstractNote": "", "blogTitle": "", "websiteType": "Wordpress", "date": "Февраль 7, 2012", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://bibliotekarsha.wordpress.com/2012/02/07/%D1%814l-via-sovremennaja-biblioteka/", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "russian", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "2011" }, { "tag": "C4L" }, { "tag": "cyc4lib" } ], "collections": [ "457X9H3T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-05T11:49:25Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-05T12:04:05Z" } }, { "key": "DN2FX23T", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79988, "name": "cyc4lib Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79988/items/DN2FX23T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography/items/DN2FX23T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1039583, "username": "hairat", "name": "Michael Rathai", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hairat", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Herzog", "parsedDate": "2011-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DN2FX23T", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Katie Herzog’s cycling librarians hold their ‘unconference’ on wheels", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katie", "lastName": "Herzog" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2011", "volume": "6", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "The Blue Notebook", "seriesTitle": "Journal for artists' books", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.bookarts.uwe.ac.uk/bnotebk.htm", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1751-1712 Print, 1751-1720 Online", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "2011" }, { "tag": "C4L" }, { "tag": "cyc4lib" } ], "collections": [ "457X9H3T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-05T11:39:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-05T11:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "GW7PH5C5", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79988, "name": "cyc4lib Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79988/items/GW7PH5C5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography/items/GW7PH5C5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1039583, "username": "hairat", "name": "Michael Rathai", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hairat", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lipponen", "parsedDate": "2011-09-13", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GW7PH5C5", "version": 3, "itemType": "film", "title": "Cycling for Libraries – the Documentary", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "director", "firstName": "Tuomas", "lastName": "Lipponen" } ], "abstractNote": "Cycling for libraries was a politically and economically independent international unconference and a bicycle tour for librarians and library lovers from Copenhagen, Denmark to Berlin, Germany May 28. –June 6. 2011.", "distributor": "http://www.kirjastokaista.fi", "place": "", "date": "13/09/2011", "genre": "Documentary", "videoRecordingFormat": "", "runningTime": "27:27", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://vimeo.com/28981876", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "english", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/", "extra": "Camera: Tuomas Lipponen, Panu Somerma, Ate Silvo", "tags": [ { "tag": "2011" }, { "tag": "C4L" }, { "tag": "cyc4lib" } ], "collections": [ "457X9H3T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-05T11:21:10Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-05T11:29:07Z" } }, { "key": "BI36IVMC", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79988, "name": "cyc4lib Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79988/items/BI36IVMC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography/items/BI36IVMC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 172826, "username": "Till Kinstler", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/till_kinstler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BI36IVMC", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Wikipedia: Latvia", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "Wikipedia: Latvia", "websiteType": "Wiki", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia", "accessDate": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "EUUD65UC" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-05T10:05:14Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-05T10:05:14Z" } }, { "key": "XGHB3JXG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79988, "name": "cyc4lib Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79988/items/XGHB3JXG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography/items/XGHB3JXG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 172826, "username": "Till Kinstler", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/till_kinstler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XGHB3JXG", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Wikipedia: Lithuania", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Lithuania (i/ˌlɪθuːˈeɪniə/ or /ˌlɪθjuːˈeɪniə/; Lithuanian: Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublika) is a country in Northern Europe, the largest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark. It borders Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and a Russian exclave (Kaliningrad Oblast) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 3.2 million as of 2011, and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. The Lithuanians are a Baltic people, and the official language, Lithuanian, is one of only two living languages (together with Latvian) in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.", "websiteTitle": "Wikipedia: Lithuania", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania", "accessDate": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "EUUD65UC" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-05T10:04:06Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-05T10:04:06Z" } }, { "key": "I9J6SZ2W", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79988, "name": "cyc4lib Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79988/items/I9J6SZ2W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cyc4lib_bibliography/items/I9J6SZ2W", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 172826, "username": "Till Kinstler", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/till_kinstler", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "I9J6SZ2W", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Wikipedia: Estonia", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Estonia i/ɨsˈtoʊniə/ (Estonian: Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariik), is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and the Russian Federation (338.6 km). Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north. The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km2 (17,462 sq mi), and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. The Estonians are a Finnic people, and the official language, Estonian, is closely related to Finnish.", "websiteTitle": "Wikipedia: Estonia", "websiteType": "Wiki", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia", "accessDate": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "EUUD65UC" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-05T10:02:43Z", "dateModified": "2012-06-05T10:02:43Z" } } ]