[ { "key": "W3RC24PU", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/W3RC24PU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/W3RC24PU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mochida and Lun", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "W3RC24PU", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Prediction of wind environment and thermal comfort at pedestrian level in urban area", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Akashi", "lastName": "Mochida" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Isaac Y.F.", "lastName": "Lun" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper reviews the recent developments in CWE research for predicting the pedestrian level wind and thermal environments in urban areas, primarily achieved by the researchers in the field of environmental engineering in Japan. First the progress in turbulence models in the last decade and in their applications to the problems related to wind climate is briefly reviewed, and the results of Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) collaborative project in cross comparisons of CFD results of wind environments are presented. Next, recent achievements in the field of modeling canopy flows for reproducing the aerodynamic and thermal effects of trees, buildings and automobiles are outlined. Examples of numerical results obtained using tree and vehicle canopy models are shown to demonstrate the significant effects of stationary and non-stationary subgrid scale flow obstacles on turbulent flowfield within street canyons.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October", "volume": "96", "issue": "10-11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1498-1527", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.033", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V3M-4S92XJB-2/2/fc8703f6836954316e22957dc3d67ff3", "accessDate": "2010-02-05T17:02:20Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0167-6105", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Pedestrian level wind environment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Subgrid scale flow obstacles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Thermal comfort", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tree canopy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Urban Heat Islands", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Vehicle canopy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4PHKHPS7" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:07:02Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:07:02Z" } }, { "key": "5TS6WS5H", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/5TS6WS5H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/5TS6WS5H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ali-Toudert and Mayer", "parsedDate": "2007-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5TS6WS5H", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effects of asymmetry, galleries, overhanging façades and vegetation on thermal comfort in urban street canyons", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fazia", "lastName": "Ali-Toudert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Helmut", "lastName": "Mayer" } ], "abstractNote": "The present paper deals with the dependence of outdoor thermal comfort on the design of an urban street. The effects of the street vertical profile, including asymmetrical canyon shapes, the use of galleries and further shading devices on the façades, arranged in various orientations are assessed. The study is conducted by means of numerical modelling by using the three-dimensional microclimate model ENVI-met 3.0 which prognosticates the microclimatic changes within urban environments. Thermal comfort is evaluated for the daytime hours across the canyon in high spatial resolution and by means of the physiologically equivalent temperature PET. The results revealed that all design aspects investigated have a moderate impact on the air temperature and a strong effect on the heat gained by a human body and hence on the resulting thermal sensation. The larger the openness to the sky of the canyon, the higher the heat stress. For canyons with a smaller sky view, the orientation is also decisive: E-W canyons are the most stressful and deviating from this orientation ameliorates the thermal conditions. Basically, galleries and further shading through overhanging façades or vegetation enable a sensitive decrease of the period of time and of the area of thermal discomfort. Yet, this efficiency varies with the orientation and the vertical proportions of the canyon. Therefore, if appropriately combined, all investigated design elements can effectively mitigate heat stress in the summer and promote thermal comfort.", "publicationTitle": "Solar Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 2007", "volume": "81", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "742-754", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.solener.2006.10.007", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V50-4MBTTWW-1/2/501ad9e867a2ac183d5e080f64288a5e", "accessDate": "2009-02-07T12:41:58Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0038-092X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Asymmetry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ENVI-met", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gallery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hot-dry climate", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Human thermal comfort", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Numerical modelling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Overhangs", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physiologically equivalent temperature PET", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Shading device", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Street design", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Urban canyon", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4PHKHPS7" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:07:02Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:07:02Z" } }, { "key": "5GQ2QS5C", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/5GQ2QS5C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/5GQ2QS5C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Melbourne", "parsedDate": "1978", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5GQ2QS5C", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Criteria for environmental wind conditions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W.H.", "lastName": "Melbourne" } ], "abstractNote": "Since 1971 a number of authors have published criteria for the acceptability of environmental wind conditions for human comfort for a range of activities.\nThis paper notes that it is the forces caused by peak gust wind speeds and associated gradients which people feel most and discusses the relation between peak gust and mean wind speeds. Melbourne's criteria, which have been stated in terms of maximum gust speeds per annum, are shown to define a range of wind-speed probabilities, in particular, the frequency of occurrence of mean wind speeds, which then facilitates comparison between the various published criteria.\nIt is shown that, in spite of the apparent numerical differences in published wind speed criteria and the various subjective assumptions used in their development, there is remarkably good agreement when they are compared on a proper probabilistic basis.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1978", "volume": "3", "issue": "2-3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "241-249", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/0167-6105(78)90013-2", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V3M-491THV9-17/2/5ff62e507b3a63a983c3afb83efaa65a", "accessDate": "2010-01-11T12:50:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0167-6105", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4PHKHPS7" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:07:02Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:07:02Z" } }, { "key": "NNP9S9XT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/NNP9S9XT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/NNP9S9XT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Johnson", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NNP9S9XT", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "The London Plan", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Boris", "lastName": "Johnson" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "", "place": "", "date": "12/2009", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "130", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.london.gov.uk/shaping-london/london-plan/docs/london-plan.pdf", "accessDate": "2010-01-26T12:02:43Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4PHKHPS7" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:07:02Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:07:02Z" } }, { "key": "N7JRWN3D", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/N7JRWN3D", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/N7JRWN3D", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Murakami et al.", "parsedDate": "1999-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "N7JRWN3D", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "CFD analysis of wind environment around a human body", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shuzo", "lastName": "Murakami" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jie", "lastName": "Zeng" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tatsuya", "lastName": "Hayashi" } ], "abstractNote": "The thermal and dynamic effects of wind on a human body are analyzed by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. Wind effects on a human body are examined under various wind conditions. At first, the human body is placed in a stagnant wind environment. Secondly, the human body is set in a weak wind of velocity 0.25 m/s, with several values of turbulence intensity. Next, the wind velocity attacking the human body is increased to 2.5 m/s. Lastly, two human bodies are arranged standing in a row, facing the approaching wind. The velocity and temperature fields around the human body as well as the pressure field over the body surface are computed in detail. The drag coefficient and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the human body are calculated. The predicted results of velocity and temperature fields agree reasonably with previous experimental data.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 1999", "volume": "83", "issue": "1-3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "393-408", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/S0167-6105(99)00088-4", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V3M-3XY2DVM-16/2/edae6df1ebbf337b4e5aab7864d75606", "accessDate": "2009-01-12T13:58:16Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0167-6105", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Convective heat transfer coefficient", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Drag coefficient", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Human body", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4PHKHPS7" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:07:02Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:07:02Z" } }, { "key": "GHXWVWXG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/GHXWVWXG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/GHXWVWXG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GHXWVWXG", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "City trees and the urban climate", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-das.uwyo.edu/~geerts/cwx/notes/chap01/city_trees.html", "accessDate": "2010-01-11T12:49:57Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4PHKHPS7" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:07:02Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:07:02Z" } }, { "key": "XFVTUCXP", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/XFVTUCXP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/XFVTUCXP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Oke et al.", "parsedDate": "1989-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XFVTUCXP", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Micrometeorology of the Urban Forest", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.R.", "lastName": "Oke" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.M.", "lastName": "Crowther" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.G.", "lastName": "McNaughton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.L.", "lastName": "Monteith" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Gardiner" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society of Biological Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "August 1989", "volume": "324", "issue": "1223", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "335-349", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/324/1223/335", "accessDate": "2010-01-11T12:51:09Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4PHKHPS7" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:07:02Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:07:02Z" } }, { "key": "5UZNPVPK", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/5UZNPVPK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/5UZNPVPK", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/EHC8IGJI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5UZNPVPK", "version": 1, "parentItem": "EHC8IGJI", "itemType": "note", "note": "

System Entry Date: 05/13/2001

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "MQ743J4B", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/MQ743J4B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/MQ743J4B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Thuillier", "parsedDate": "1995", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MQ743J4B", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The influence of instrumentation, siting, exposure height, and temporal averaging methodology on meteorological measurements from SJVAQS/AUSPEX", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.H.", "lastName": "Thuillier" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of applied meteorology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1995", "volume": "34", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1815–1823", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "6U8AMNV2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "9N32PU9I", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/9N32PU9I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/9N32PU9I", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mardia", "parsedDate": "1975-01-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9N32PU9I", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Statistics of Directional Data", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. V.", "lastName": "Mardia" } ], "abstractNote": "Directional data analysis is emerging as an important area of statistics. Within the past two decades, various new techniques have appeared, mostly to meet the needs of scientific workers dealing with directional data. The paper first introduces the two basic models for the multi-dimensional case known as the von Mises-Fisher distribution and the Bingham distribution. Their sampling distribution theory depends heavily on the isotropic case and some developments are discussed. An optimum property of an important test for the von Mises-Fisher case is established. A nonparametric test is proposed for the hypothesis of independence for observations on a torus. In addition to some numerical examples on the preceding topics, five case studies are given which illuminate the power of this new methodology. The case studies are concerned with cancer research, origins of comets, arrival times of patients, navigational problems and biological rhythms. Some unsolved problems are also indicated.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 01, 1975", "volume": "37", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "349-393", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2984782", "accessDate": "2012-03-16T15:49:50Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0035-9246", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "ArticleType: research-article / Full publication date: 1975 / Copyright © 1975 Royal Statistical Society", "tags": [], "collections": [ "6U8AMNV2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "QIDP5VKN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/QIDP5VKN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/QIDP5VKN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bailey and Standards", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "QIDP5VKN", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Meteorological monitoring guidance for regulatory modeling applications", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Desmond T.", "lastName": "Bailey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and", "lastName": "Standards" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2000", "publisher": "DIANE Publishing", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "171", "ISBN": "9781428901940", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Air quality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Meteorology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Science / Earth Sciences / Meteorology & Climatology", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "6U8AMNV2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "EHC8IGJI", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/EHC8IGJI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/EHC8IGJI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Stevens and Herget", "parsedDate": "1974", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "EHC8IGJI", "version": 1, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Analytical methods applied to air pollution measurements. 165th national meeting of the American Chemical Society, Dallas, Texas, April 8--13, 1973", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. K", "lastName": "Stevens" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. F.(eds.)", "lastName": "Herget" } ], "abstractNote": "The broad range of subjects discussed includes the rapidly advancing technique of gas-filter correlation spectroscopy, comparison of classical with newly developed x-ray fluorescent methods applied to the measurement of elemental composition of particles, and advances in techniques for extracting gaseous and particulate pollutants from power plant stacks.^The topics further include the applications of chemiluminescent techniques to measure ambient concentrations of gaseous pollutants, and descriptions of two new techniques to measure sulfuric acid vapor at ambient concentrations.^Separate abstracts were included for 5 items.^(auth)", "proceedingsTitle": "", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.,Ann Arbor, MI", "place": "United States", "date": "1974", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "Pages: 303", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "CONF-730403-", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "OSTI Energy Citations", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "SMIVBTHX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "9X8DQK93", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/9X8DQK93", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/9X8DQK93", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Prajapati et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-01-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9X8DQK93", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Distribution of vehicular pollutants in street canyons of Varanasi, India: a different case", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Santosh", "lastName": "Prajapati" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Tripathi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vinita", "lastName": "Pathak" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract In present study horizontal and vertical distribution of traffic-related pollutants (CO and SO2) within the street canyons in (CO and SO2) Varanasi, India was monitored. The results showed that average horizontal profiles of traffic-related pollutant concentrations within street canyon at leeward side were approximately same as that of windward side. However, the vertical concentration of both the pollutants decreases with height above the ground and study indicated that CO and SO2 concentrations at different heights below the roof showed clear vertical self-gradient. CO and SO2 concentration decreased with height and the minimum value occurred at the roof. It was concluded from the observed results that pollutants from vehicular exhaust emissions in the street canyon of Varanasi were evenly distributed. This result may be due to the fact that wind vortices are not formed. Therefore, urban planners can use this type of streets so that there is proper ventilation and dispersal of pollutants.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Monitoring and Assessment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 01, 2009", "volume": "148", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "167-172", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s10661-007-0148-7", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-0148-7", "accessDate": "2009-01-29T17:54:47Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Distribution of vehicular pollutants in street canyons of Varanasi, India", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "SMIVBTHX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "UHHE3232", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/UHHE3232", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/UHHE3232", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tsai and Chen", "parsedDate": "2004-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UHHE3232", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Measurements and three-dimensional modeling of air pollutant dispersion in an Urban Street Canyon", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.Y.", "lastName": "Tsai" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.S.", "lastName": "Chen" } ], "abstractNote": "The concentrations of gaseous pollutants carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2), and sulfur dioxide were measured, and the vehicle type and traffic flow rates in an urban street canyon with an aspect ratio of 0.8 and a length to width ratio of 3 were recorded. Three-dimensional (3D) airflow and dispersion of pollutants were modeled using the RNG k-[epsilon] turbulence model, which was solved numerically using the finite volume method. Vehicle emissions were estimated from the measured traffic flow rates and modeled as banded line sources along the street. Both measurements and simulations reveal that pollutant concentrations typically follow the traffic flow rate; they decline as the height increases, and are higher on the leeward side than on the windward side. 3D simulations reveal that the vortex line, joining the centers of cross-sectional vortices of the street canyon, meanders between street buildings, and the flows leave the canyon through the top. Entrainment of outside air reduces pollutant concentrations near the street outlet, where counter-rotating vortices or secondary flows are present. Numerical predictions agree reasonably well with measurements.", "publicationTitle": "Atmospheric Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 2004", "volume": "38", "issue": "35", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "5911-5924", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.07.008", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VH3-4D98G6M-3/2/df7c13fea75511fb0f39eef540b73860", "accessDate": "2011-01-27T11:43:06Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1352-2310", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "3D simulation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pollution dispersion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNG k-[epsilon] turbulence model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Street canyon", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Traffic exhaust", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "SMIVBTHX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "X3AA3BUJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/X3AA3BUJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/X3AA3BUJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Qin and Chan", "parsedDate": "1993-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "X3AA3BUJ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Traffic source emission and street level air pollution in urban areas of Guangzhou, South China (P.R.C.)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y.", "lastName": "Qin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.Y.", "lastName": "Chan" } ], "abstractNote": "Street level air pollution due to traffic emission is a cause of concern in Guangzhou City. During the winter and summer of 1988, the traffic-related air pollutant concentrations, wind field, traffic volume and vehicle speed were measured extensively in three types of street canyons in Guangzhou City. Various types of motor vehicle emission in idle condition were measured and the composite emission factors of vehicles were derived. The variation of traffic volume and vehicle speed in 223 mainstreets were also investigated. The annual air pollutant concentration levels of traffic source emission were calculated. Using CO as a traffic emission tracer for air pollution on the street, the contributions of traffic emission to street level air pollution were determined by the receptor method. Ground level air pollution in Guangzhou has changed from coal combustion emission type into traffic source emission type. The average contributions of traffic source emission to the concentration of CO and NOx on the street in 1988 are about 87% and 67%. The most significant pollutant of ambient air quality that traffic source emission influences in NOx.", "publicationTitle": "Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 1993", "volume": "27", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "275-282", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/0957-1272(93)90022-X", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B757F-488FRYC-1/2/564f3f5b2e675013204fbb3d276fd92e", "accessDate": "2011-01-26T11:50:20Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0957-1272", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "SMIVBTHX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "WMJ8CTJ9", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/WMJ8CTJ9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/WMJ8CTJ9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Oke", "parsedDate": "1988-03-22", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WMJ8CTJ9", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Street design and urban canopy layer climate", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.R.", "lastName": "Oke" } ], "abstractNote": "Planning is always involved in making choices between alternatives. In the case of designing for street climate the objectives may be mutually exclusive. For example, whilst open geometry is conducive to air pollution dispersion and solar access, a more densely clustered arrangement is favourable for shelter and energy conservation.\nThis dilemma is investigated by reviewing the results of recent urban canyon field studies and of scale and mathematical modelling. By concentrating on quantifiable relations it appears that it may be possible to find a range of canyon geometries that are compatible with the apparently conflicting design objectives of mid-latitude cities. If this is correct, traditional European urban forms are climatically more favourable than more modern, especially North American, ones.", "publicationTitle": "Energy and Buildings", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 22, 1988", "volume": "11", "issue": "1-3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "103-113", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/0378-7788(88)90026-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2V-47X7DT3-1K/2/ba405600797f9ece979ffbeadd501ed3", "accessDate": "2009-11-19T16:55:51Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0378-7788", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VGUT77PR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "RCJ3WSGN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/RCJ3WSGN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/RCJ3WSGN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rotach", "parsedDate": "1995-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RCJ3WSGN", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Profiles of turbulence statistics in and above an urban street canyon", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. W.", "lastName": "Rotach" } ], "abstractNote": "Results from an extensive urban climate study are presented. Eighteen months of continuous measurements of mean variables and a total of 131 runs of turbulence measurements at various heights within and above an urban street canyon are analysed. Scaled profiles of mean wind speed and also of the velocity variances are found to be strongly stability dependent. In the street canyon the air is consistently warmer than the air in the upper part of the roughness sublayer and well mixed with respect to temperature. On average, the roughness sublayer is near-neutrally stratified at night and unstable during the day. The profiles of the scaled velocity variances exhibit a strong dependence on stability. The vertical component, in particular, decreases with height in near-neutral stratification while increasing under strongly unstable conditions.\nAlthough the velocity spectra at a mid-roughness sublayer height have a similar shape as the well established non-urban surface layer spectra, with a - slope at the high-frequency end, no inertial subrange is observed, since the ratio of horizontal to vertical spectral densities does not approach the required value of Furthermore, the peaks of the spectra of both the horizontal velocity and temperature occur at much higher frequencies than expected for standard surface layer conditions. Closer to the roof level and inside the street canyon, energy is shifted to higher frequencies and the turbulence spectra become flatter.", "publicationTitle": "Atmospheric Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 1995", "volume": "29", "issue": "13", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1473-1486", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/1352-2310(95)00084-C", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VH3-3YGV46R-6J/2/e7900b7338ca91b83d86af35c5fd5a90", "accessDate": "2010-03-11T18:12:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1352-2310", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VGUT77PR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "DJUPFWN4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/DJUPFWN4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/DJUPFWN4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Eliasson et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DJUPFWN4", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Wind fields and turbulence statistics in an urban street canyon", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I.", "lastName": "Eliasson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Offerle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.S.B.", "lastName": "Grimmond" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Lindqvist" } ], "abstractNote": "This is the first paper of a long-term measurement campaign to explore wind, temperature, radiation and energy fields within an urban canyon. A canyon and a rooftop mast were installed in a canyon with an aspect ratio (Height/Width) of ~2.1 in Göteborg, Sweden. A number of instruments including sonic anemometers, radiometers and thermocouples were mounted in vertical profiles and across the width of the canyon. The experimental set-up, the characteristics of the canyon flow pattern and mean and turbulence statistics with respect to above canyon flow are examined using data collected under clear-sky conditions in summer and autumn 2003. Results show that under cross-canyon (within 60° of orthogonal) flow, a single helical vortex exists. High temporal resolution analysis suggests that eddies frequently penetrate the shear stress layer at the canyon top disrupting established flow patterns. A combination of complex building roof shapes and local topography may contribute to this effect by maintaining a high degree of turbulence. The profile of mean wind speed within the canyon and the relation with that above canyon depends on the ambient flow direction in relation to the canyon long axis. Turbulence statistics show results similar to other field studies, with turbulence kinetic energy and vertical mixing greatest toward the windward wall.", "publicationTitle": "Atmospheric Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 2006", "volume": "40", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-16", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.031", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VH3-4HKD05H-1/2/1109cc6a3b6166940ea56bb9145ae1a0", "accessDate": "2009-12-03T13:16:21Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1352-2310", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Urban canyon flow", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Vortex", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "turbulence", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VGUT77PR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "ZJUTB5VM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/ZJUTB5VM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/ZJUTB5VM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "DePaul and Sheih", "parsedDate": "1986", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZJUTB5VM", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Measurements of wind velocities in a street canyon", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F. T.", "lastName": "DePaul" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. M.", "lastName": "Sheih" } ], "abstractNote": "Measurements of wind velocities in an urban street canyon with a height-to-width ratio of about 1.4 were made when ambient winds aloft were approximately perpendicular to the street. The mean wind velocities were determined by analysis of trajectories of tracer balloons that were released in the canyon and photographed in rapid sequence. The trajectories indicate the presence of a primary vortex cell within the canyon, provided the ambient wind velocity exceeds 1.5-2.0 m s-1. Measurements with hot-wire anemometers suggest that vehicular traffic at the street level is significant in increasing turbulence up to heights of approximately 7 m.", "publicationTitle": "Atmospheric Environment (1967)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1986", "volume": "20", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "455-459", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/0004-6981(86)90085-5", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B757C-48CFVCT-1K3/2/af4b0a6998cbf27904170d4f1b7e06c9", "accessDate": "2009-11-08T13:59:25Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0004-6981", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "wind velocity", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VGUT77PR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "GXT6BPW2", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/GXT6BPW2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/GXT6BPW2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dobre et al.", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GXT6BPW2", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Flow field measurements in the proximity of an urban intersection 1 in London, UK", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Dobre" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.J.", "lastName": "Arnold" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.J.", "lastName": "Smalley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.W.D.", "lastName": "Boddy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.F.", "lastName": "Barlow" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.S.", "lastName": "Tomlin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.E.", "lastName": "Belcher" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/Research/boundary_layer/papers/Dobreetal2005.pdf", "accessDate": "2009-11-16T17:50:03Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VGUT77PR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "3RXG3J9Z", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/3RXG3J9Z", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/3RXG3J9Z", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Heisler", "parsedDate": "1990", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3RXG3J9Z", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Mean wind speed below building height in residential neighborhoods with different tree densities", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "GM", "lastName": "Heisler" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "ASHRAE transactions", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1990", "volume": "96", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1389–1396", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VGUT77PR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "JD8W85V8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/JD8W85V8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/JD8W85V8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nielsen", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JD8W85V8", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Turbulent Ventilation of a Street Canyon", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Morten", "lastName": "Nielsen" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Monitoring and Assessment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2000", "volume": "65", "issue": "1-2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "389-396", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.springerlink.com/content/n6572477083t37j4/fulltext.pdf", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VGUT77PR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "8VADZS99", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/8VADZS99", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/8VADZS99", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Longley et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8VADZS99", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Short-term measurements of airflow and turbulence in two street canyons in Manchester", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I. D.", "lastName": "Longley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. W.", "lastName": "Gallagher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. R.", "lastName": "Dorsey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Flynn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. F.", "lastName": "Barlow" } ], "abstractNote": "Ultrasonic anemometers have been used to make measurements of airflow and turbulence in two urban street canyons in Greater Manchester, UK. This paper concentrates mostly on results from one--an asymmetrical city centre canyon with complex building geometry, building heights up to 28 m and busy traffic. Data was recorded for a total of five working weeks in four separate periods in 2001 at one roadside location at a range of heights from 2 to 18 m. This data was supplemented by a series of mobile measurements at 2-4 m height at 18 different roadside locations within the same canyon. Although some features of a vortex-flow, as assumed in some (but by no means all) numerical models, was observed, other important flow features were found which, although canyon-specific, nevertheless indicate the ways in which flow in all real canyons may differ from the assumptions implicit in some models. Of particular importance were lateral channelled flow and sheltering in perpendicular flow. Profiles of turbulence are presented along with a simple model relating turbulence to wind speed and traffic flow rate. A strong influence of traffic on vertical turbulence production was found in a layer no deeper than 3 m. This influence was absent in measurements in a traffic-free suburban canyon.", "publicationTitle": "Atmospheric Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 2004", "volume": "38", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "69-79", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.060", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VH3-49WMS2R-5/2/b7195b667ccb2cb81319c26ad0b7ab99", "accessDate": "2011-01-27T11:38:37Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1352-2310", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Street canyon", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Traffic-induced turbulence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Turbulent intensity", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VGUT77PR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "Q4BK6S5X", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/Q4BK6S5X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/Q4BK6S5X", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dixon et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Q4BK6S5X", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Evaluation of a turbulent flow and dispersion model in a typical street canyon in York, UK", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N", "lastName": "Dixon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Boddy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Smalley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Tomlin" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Atmospheric Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "02/2006", "volume": "40", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "958-972", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Atmospheric Environment", "DOI": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.10.017", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231005009866", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "13522310", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VGUT77PR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } }, { "key": "WTMTK7T8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 79660, "name": "EFM", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/79660/items/WTMTK7T8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/efm/items/WTMTK7T8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1036033, "username": "nina24", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nina24", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Manning et al.", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WTMTK7T8", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Field study of wind and traffic to test a street canyon pollution model", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. J.", "lastName": "Manning" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. J.", "lastName": "Nicholson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. R.", "lastName": "Middleton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. C.", "lastName": "Rafferty" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Monitoring and Assessment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2000", "volume": "60", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "283–313", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VGUT77PR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-31T21:05:58Z" } } ]