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"relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-08-21T09:15:12Z", "dateModified": "2013-08-21T09:15:12Z" } }, { "key": "DV7E4QNA", "version": 336, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 75655, "name": "MASTER SV-AS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/master_sv-as", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/75655/items/DV7E4QNA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/master_sv-as/items/DV7E4QNA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 479934, "username": "crozenbl", "name": "Celine ROZENBLAT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crozenbl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lambert et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-01-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "DV7E4QNA", "version": 336, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Graph Visualization For Geography", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Antoine", "lastName": "Lambert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Romain", "lastName": "Bourqui" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Auber" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Céline", "lastName": "Rozenblat" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Guy", "lastName": "Melançon" } ], "abstractNote": "Network analysis is usually performed with combinatorial measures such as those presented in Chap. 5 or traditional statistical tools such as principal component analysis. However, it is extremely difficult for some patterns, even with these powerful approaches, and the results of these methods can be difficult to interpret without an appropriate representation.", "bookTitle": "Methods for Multilevel Analysis and Visualisation of Geographical Networks", "series": "Methodos Series", "seriesNumber": "11", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2013/01/01", "publisher": "Springer Netherlands", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "81-102", "ISBN": "978-94-007-6676-1, 978-94-007-6677-8", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-6677-8_6", "accessDate": "2013-08-21T09:15:12Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "©2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Human Geography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Methodology of the Social Sciences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Quantitative Geography", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MT8HW3VD" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-08-21T09:15:12Z", "dateModified": "2013-08-21T09:15:12Z" } }, { "key": "3H7XDM4W", "version": 336, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 75655, "name": "MASTER SV-AS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/master_sv-as", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/75655/items/3H7XDM4W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/master_sv-as/items/3H7XDM4W", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 479934, "username": "crozenbl", "name": "Celine ROZENBLAT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crozenbl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ducruet", "parsedDate": "2013-01-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "3H7XDM4W", "version": 336, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Ports in a World Maritime System: A Multilevel Analysis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "César", "lastName": "Ducruet" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Céline", "lastName": "Rozenblat" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Guy", "lastName": "Melançon" } ], "abstractNote": "This chapter proposes an analysis of worldwide inter-port shipping flows from a strength-clustering perspective. A variety of factors seem to explain the formation of clusters: geographic proximity among closely located ports (i.e., maritime regions), trade proximity (corridors) and historical path-dependency (long-term ties) among more distant ports. Because those factors have not been previously directly tested, this chapter paves the way for further research on the geographic and economic relevance of clusters in the network analysis of shipping flows.", "bookTitle": "Methods for Multilevel Analysis and Visualisation of Geographical Networks", "series": "Methodos Series", "seriesNumber": "11", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2013/01/01", "publisher": "Springer Netherlands", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "121-140", "ISBN": "978-94-007-6676-1, 978-94-007-6677-8", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-6677-8_8", "accessDate": "2013-08-21T09:15:12Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Ports in a World Maritime System", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "©2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Human Geography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Methodology of the Social Sciences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Quantitative Geography", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MT8HW3VD" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-08-21T09:15:12Z", "dateModified": "2013-08-21T09:15:12Z" } }, { "key": "F8GRZDQD", "version": 336, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 75655, "name": "MASTER SV-AS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/master_sv-as", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/75655/items/F8GRZDQD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/master_sv-as/items/F8GRZDQD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 479934, "username": "crozenbl", "name": "Celine ROZENBLAT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crozenbl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rozenblat and Melançon", "parsedDate": "2013-01-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "F8GRZDQD", "version": 336, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "A Small World Perspective on Urban Systems", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Céline", "lastName": "Rozenblat" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Guy", "lastName": "Melançon" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Céline", "lastName": "Rozenblat" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Guy", "lastName": "Melançon" } ], "abstractNote": "The theory of small-world networks as initiated by Watts and Strogatz (1998) has drawn new insights in spatial analysis as well as systems theory. The theory’s concepts and methods are particularly relevant to geography, where spatial interaction is mainstream and where interactions can be described and studied using large numbers of exchanges or similarity matrices. Networks are organized through direct links or by indirect paths, inducing topological proximities that simultaneously involve spatial, social, cultural or organizational dimensions. Network synergies build over similarities and are fed by complementarities between or inside cities, with the two effects potentially amplifying each other according to the “preferential attachment” hypothesis that has been explored in a number of different scientific fields (Barabási, Albert 1999; Barabási A-L 2002; Newman M, Watts D, Barabàsi A-L). In fact, according to Barabási and Albert (1999), the high level of hierarchy observed in “scale-free networks” results from “preferential attachment”, which characterizes the development of networks: new connections appear preferentially close to nodes that already have the largest number of connections because in this way, the improvement in the network accessibility of the new connection will likely be greater. However, at the same time, network regions gathering dense and numerous weak links (Granovetter, 1985) or network entities acting as bridges between several components (Burt 2005) offer a higher capacity for urban communities to benefit from opportunities and create future synergies. Several methodologies have been suggested to identify such denser and more coherent regions (also called communities or clusters) in terms of links (Watts, Strogatz 1998; Watts 1999; Barabási, Albert 1999; Barabási 2002; Auber 2003; Newman 2006). These communities not only possess a high level of dependency among their member entities but also show a low level of “vulnerability”, allowing for numerous redundancies (Burt 2000; Burt 2005). The SPANGEO project 2005–2008 (SPAtial Networks in GEOgraphy), gathering a team of geographers and computer scientists, has included empirical studies to survey concepts and measures developed in other related fields, such as physics, sociology and communication science. The relevancy and potential interpretation of weighted or non-weighted measures on edges and nodes were examined and analyzed at different scales (intra-urban, inter-urban or both). New classification and clustering schemes based on the relative local density of subgraphs were developed. The present article describes how these notions and methods contribute on a conceptual level, in terms of measures, delineations, explanatory analyses and visualization of geographical phenomena.", "bookTitle": "Methods for Multilevel Analysis and Visualisation of Geographical Networks", "series": "Methodos Series", "seriesNumber": "11", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2013/01/01", "publisher": "Springer Netherlands", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "19-32", "ISBN": "978-94-007-6676-1, 978-94-007-6677-8", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-6677-8_2", "accessDate": "2013-08-21T09:15:12Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "©2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Human Geography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Methodology of the Social Sciences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Quantitative Geography", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MT8HW3VD" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-08-21T09:15:12Z", "dateModified": "2013-08-21T09:15:12Z" } }, { "key": "Z9G296ZC", "version": 336, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 75655, "name": "MASTER SV-AS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/master_sv-as", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/75655/items/Z9G296ZC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/master_sv-as/items/Z9G296ZC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 479934, "username": "crozenbl", "name": "Celine ROZENBLAT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crozenbl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gleyze", "parsedDate": "2013-01-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "Z9G296ZC", "version": 336, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Topological Clustering for Geographical Networks", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean-François", "lastName": "Gleyze" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Céline", "lastName": "Rozenblat" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Guy", "lastName": "Melançon" } ], "abstractNote": "Studying geographical networks is made difficult by their size and complexity. Graph theory and its developments in sociology provide formal tools to simplify a graph by identifying cohesive subgroups inside the graph. This set of tools is based on clustering criteria, which use the extent of ties within subgroups, the node reachability, the node degree, the balance between inter- and intra-group ties and the subgroup connectivity. Graph theory also provides extensions that help to model the edge directions and the edge values and then take attributes specific to the geographical context into account. Finally, this set of methods provides a formal framework to simplify a network based on relevant topological criteria and develop new clustering rules for geographical networks in view of the context of the study.", "bookTitle": "Methods for Multilevel Analysis and Visualisation of Geographical Networks", "series": "Methodos Series", "seriesNumber": "11", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2013/01/01", "publisher": "Springer Netherlands", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "33-53", "ISBN": "978-94-007-6676-1, 978-94-007-6677-8", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-6677-8_3", "accessDate": "2013-08-21T09:15:12Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "©2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Human Geography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Methodology of the Social Sciences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Quantitative Geography", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MT8HW3VD" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-08-21T09:15:12Z", "dateModified": "2013-08-21T09:15:12Z" } }, { "key": "6BNXV9X4", "version": 336, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 75655, "name": "MASTER SV-AS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/master_sv-as", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/75655/items/6BNXV9X4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/master_sv-as/items/6BNXV9X4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 479934, "username": "crozenbl", "name": "Celine ROZENBLAT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crozenbl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "L’Hostis", "parsedDate": "2013-01-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "6BNXV9X4", "version": 336, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Theoretical Models of Time-Space: The Role of Transport Networks in the Shrinking and Shrivelling of Geographical Space", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alain", "lastName": "L’Hostis" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Céline", "lastName": "Rozenblat" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Guy", "lastName": "Melançon" } ], "abstractNote": "Understanding the distance between places is a fundamental task for the geographer, while the representation of distances constitutes the primary function of cartography. This is why a time-distance representation is a critical tool for the contemporary geographer. Among the types of maps introduced to represent time-space, anamorphoses were supplemented with time-space relief cartography in the 1990s. In one aspect, globalization has been made possible primarily through a reduction in time-distances, which are allowable by high travel speeds, particularly through the development of air transportation. However, the metropolitanization process, which is seen as the urban counterpart of globalization, is deeply associated with the development of air connection platforms. Both phenomena are intrinsically linked with the formation of distance, specifically with time-distances.", "bookTitle": "Methods for Multilevel Analysis and Visualisation of Geographical Networks", "series": "Methodos Series", "seriesNumber": "11", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2013/01/01", "publisher": "Springer Netherlands", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "55-66", "ISBN": "978-94-007-6676-1, 978-94-007-6677-8", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-6677-8_4", "accessDate": "2013-08-21T09:15:12Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Theoretical Models of Time-Space", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "©2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics", "type": 1 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