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"", "date": "2014", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.americanpressinstitute.org/publications/reports/survey-research/the-digital-divide-african-americans-hispanics-news/", "accessDate": "2016-10-10T06:02:01Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DIVVFSS5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-10T07:40:51Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-10T07:40:51Z" } }, { "key": "GQN37PUU", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 746963, "name": "Digital Divide Philosopy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/digital_divide_philosopy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/746963/items/GQN37PUU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/digital_divide_philosopy/items/GQN37PUU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2148955, "username": "Stevona84", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevona84", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Stanley", "parsedDate": "2003-12-11", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "GQN37PUU", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Beyond access: psychosocial barriers to computer literacy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. L.", "lastName": "Stanley" } ], "abstractNote": "Research consistently indicates that Latinos and African-Americans are less likely to own and use computers than either Caucasians or Asians. While conventional wisdom holds that high computer costs and lack of access are the primary reasons for this discrepancy, my ethnographic research with 100 low-income adults reveals three non-cost-related psychosocial obstacles that significantly undermine motivation for acquiring computer skills: \"relevance,\" \"fear,\" and \"self-concept.\" My research thus suggests that a more complex relationship exists between ethnicity, identity, and attitudes associated with computers than previously examined; this relationship may better explain why some people are choosing not to use computers at this time. My research also indicates that while community technology centers (CTCs) play an important role in helping adults overcome their resistances and achieve computer literacy, they are presently an underutilized resource--less than 5% of San Diegans use them to meet their computing needs. Hence, my research also questions why more residents do not avail themselves of these community resources. I conclude that efforts to increase computer literacy in underserved communities must go beyond physical access and connectivity and consider the role of cultural factors.", "publicationTitle": "Information Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003/11//Nov/Dec2003", "volume": "19", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "407", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Information Society", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ezproxy.library.wwu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=11123349&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "2016-10-10T05:44:51Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01972243", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Beyond Access", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "ATTITUDE (Psychology)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "COMPUTER literacy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "COMPUTER users", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "DIGITAL divide", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ETHNICITY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "IDENTITY (Philosophical concept)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computer technology centers and computer literacy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "culture and computer use", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "identity and computer use", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "low-income adults and computer use", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "psychosocial barriers to computer literacy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "DIVVFSS5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-10T07:40:51Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-10T07:40:51Z" } }, { "key": "8HKS77H3", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 746963, "name": "Digital Divide Philosopy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/digital_divide_philosopy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/746963/items/8HKS77H3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/digital_divide_philosopy/items/8HKS77H3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2148955, "username": "Stevona84", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevona84", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Campos-Castillo", "parsedDate": "2015", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "8HKS77H3", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Revisiting the first-level digital divide in the United States gender and race/ethnicity patterns, 2007–2012", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Campos-Castillo" } ], "abstractNote": "With the narrowing of Internet access divide, researchers have focused on Internet usage, taking for granted access issues. However, questions remain regarding who has Internet access in the United States: What is the status of the racial divide? Is there still a gender divide? How do Latinos compare to other racial and ethnic minority groups? How does gender intersect with race and ethnicity? I analyze nationally representative data to compare Internet access among adults from 2007 to 2012. I find that women are more likely to report having Internet access than men. Blacks and Latinos are equally likely to report having Internet access, and both groups are less likely to report having Internet access than Whites. Finally, Black men exhibited the greatest increase in access. This research complements Internet usage studies with a recent assessment of Internet access trends, important trends to monitor as policies and technological innovations aim for universal access.", "publicationTitle": "Social Science Computer Review", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2015", "volume": "33", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "423-439", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Social Science Computer Review", "DOI": "10.1177/0894439314547617", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ssc.sagepub.com/content/33/4/423", "accessDate": "2016-10-10T05:43:25Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0894-4393, 1552-8286", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ssc.sagepub.com.ezproxy.library.wwu.edu", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DIGITAL divide", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Internet access", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "gender", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "race/ethnicity", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "DIVVFSS5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-10T07:40:51Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-10T07:40:51Z" } }, { "key": "9K87GD87", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 746963, "name": "Digital Divide Philosopy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/digital_divide_philosopy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/746963/items/9K87GD87", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/digital_divide_philosopy/items/9K87GD87", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2148955, "username": "Stevona84", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevona84", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Horton", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9K87GD87", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Is the serpent eating its tail? the digital divide and african americans", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Horton" } ], "abstractNote": "The article proposes a study to look at racial overtones to Internet access along with the information on content and history of the Internet. The Information Age began when people turned their minds from using machines to manufacture goods to using machines to process information. The development of the Advanced Research Projects Agency - net necessitated the creation of packet switching technology and the different but compatible platforms from which it would need to run consistently and reliably, important concepts on which today's Internet is based. Several writers have noted that African Americans have routinely gotten the short end of the technology stick with computers and that the Internet is at the end of a long line of firewalls built to keep Blacks out. African Americans use the Net for online classes and job hunting. Content is what will make people take their first steps onto the Internet and will make them stay online once they try it. Content is what is going to prepare America for the new digital workforce as described by the U.S. Department of Commerce. The Digital Divide will disappear as a result of the decrease in prices for computers and the increase in alternate methods of accessing the Internet. African Americans need a program that will jump start them and propel them quickly to the level of, if not beyond, their White and Asian counterparts.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Technology Studies", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2004", "volume": "30", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "17-25", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Technology Studies", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ezproxy.library.wwu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=18753292&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "2016-10-10T05:36:42Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "10716084", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Is the serpent eating its tail?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "AFRICAN Americans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "COMMUNICATION policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "DIGITAL divide", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "INFORMATION technology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "INTERNET", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "INTERNET content regulation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TECHNOLOGY", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "DIVVFSS5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-10T07:40:51Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-10T07:40:51Z" } }, { "key": "NPVD7825", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 746963, "name": "Digital Divide Philosopy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/digital_divide_philosopy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/746963/items/NPVD7825", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/digital_divide_philosopy/items/NPVD7825", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2148955, "username": "Stevona84", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevona84", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jackson et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "NPVD7825", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Race, gender, and information technology use: the new digital divide", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. L.", "lastName": "Jackson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Yong Z." }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Kolenic III" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E. H.", "lastName": "Fitzgerald" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Harold" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Von Eye" } ], "abstractNote": "This research examined race and gender differences in the intensity and nature of IT use and whether IT use predicted academic performance. A sample of 515 children (172 African Americans and 343 Caucasian Americans), average age 12 years old, completed surveys as part of their participation in the Children and Technology Project. Findings indicated race and gender differences in the intensity of IT use; African American males were the least intense users of computers and the Internet, and African American females were the most intense users of the Internet. Males, regardless of race, were the most intense videogame players, and females, regardless of race, were the most intense cell phone users. IT use predicted children's academic performance. Length of time using computers and the Internet was a positive predictor of academic performance, whereas amount of time spent playing videogames was a negative predictor. Implications of the findings for bringing IT to African American males and bringing African American males to IT are discussed.", "publicationTitle": "CyberPsychology & Behavior", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "11", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "437-442", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "CyberPsychology & Behavior", "DOI": "10.1089/cpb.2007.0157", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ezproxy.library.wwu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=33985765&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "2016-10-10T05:33:09Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "10949313", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Race, Gender, and Information Technology Use", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "AFRICAN American men", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "DIGITAL divide", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GENDER differences (Psychology)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "INFORMATION technology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Racial Differences", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "DIVVFSS5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-10T07:40:51Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-10T07:40:51Z" } }, { "key": "VMBIMJH6", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 746963, "name": "Digital Divide Philosopy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/digital_divide_philosopy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/746963/items/VMBIMJH6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/digital_divide_philosopy/items/VMBIMJH6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2148955, "username": "Stevona84", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/stevona84", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Banks", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VMBIMJH6", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "Encyclopedia of diversity in education", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. 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