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            "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3114595?&Search=yes&term=america&term=latin&term=colonial&term=tobacco&list=hide&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dtobacco%2Bin%2Bcolonial%2Blatin%2Bamerica%26gw%3Djtx%26prq%3Dtobacco%2Bin%2Bthe%2B17th%2Bcentury%2Bamerica%26Search%3DSearch%26hp%3D25%26wc%3Don&item=3&ttl=4636&returnArticleService=showArticle",
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            "extra": "Thomas Whigham is a visiting professor at the University of California Riverside.  He does research projects abroad and works in the field of study regarding Brazil and the Portuguese.\nThis secondary source will be very useful for our project because it focuses on the tobacco trade that was occuring in Latin America.  This source will look at the trade in the Upper Plata and the progress that the tobacco trade has made.  This source focuses on the economic and political aspect of the tobacco trade during this time period.",
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            "extra": "Stanley Gray wrote this as part of his degree from Harvard.  He wrote this source to depict the tobacco trade and how it affected colonial latin american history.  \nThis is another source that will allow us to look at the tobacco trade in colonial latin america.  This source will let us understand why the trade played such a big role in the development of latin america.  This source does a good job at explaing how the trade functioned and why it became so big.",
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            "extra": "This book discusses the economic value of the americas and how this played into Portugal's economy at home. It also discusses the affects that the Spanish had in the americas regarding trade.",
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            "extra": "This book, edited by William Jankowiak, a professor of anthropology at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and Daniel Bradburd, a professor of anthropology at Clarkson University, goes well in depth on the introduction and use of drugs, in the new Americas. The main focus is on alcohol but also looks into caffeine and tobacco use as well. The uses of drugs in trade made large impacts on societies. It is shown that alcohol would often be used as an item to barter with for labor, textiles, and in the slave trade. The book also looks at economical aspects of drugs and their uses through out the new world.",
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            "extra": "This book is written by Frederick H. Smith, an assistant professor of anthropology at the College of William and Mary. He has also written several journal articles such as “Spirits and Spirituality: Enslaved Persons and Alcohol in Western Africa and the British and French Caribbean.” The main focus of this book is to look at the roles of alcohol in the Caribbean after the 16th century. It looks into its roles socially and religiously as well as its uses in trade. Smith intends to reach multiple audiences with his writing including those interested in colonialism, the culture, and the African diaspora. To show his various points, he also includes a plethora of tables and charts.",
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            "title": "John J. McCusker “The Rum Trade and the Balance of Payments of the Thirteen Continental Colonies, 1650-1775” The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 30, No. 1, The Tasks of Economic History (Mar., 1970), pp. 244-247",
            "creators": [],
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            "extra": "This excerpt from McCusker’s own dissertation is an analysis of rum’s place in Spanish-British economic relations during the Atlantic trade of the 18th century.  He particular presents the financial ties that Spanish colonists had with this commodity, which involved growing, transporting, and assembling different ingredients and resources to consume within their own society as well as export to other colonial societies in the Continental (present day United States) Colonies.\n      This subject of this article ties directly into our presentation as we investigate rum’s place in colonial social and economic structure.  Information provided in this article helps us understand not only how rum was regarded as important as currency to many organizations and colonies.",
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            "title": "Taylor, William B.  Drinking, Homicide and Rebellion in Colonial Mexican Villages.  Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1979",
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            "extra": "Taylor’s Drinking, Homicide and Rebellion in Colonial Mexican Villages is an investigation of Mexican village experience during the Spanish conquest.  Focusing on peasant life, Drinking, Homicide and Rebellion is predominantly a social survey of the rural working class (how he defines “peasantry”) just prior to and during the Spanish conquest during the 17th century.  Focusing on archival records, Taylor describes how such activities and vice suggested in the book’s title have heavy support in historical documents rather than any supposed connection between them.  Taylor also notes these three particular topics because, he argues, they are violent and destructive tendencies both to individuals and society and were brought on with the onset of Spanish political and economic influence.\n      We will probably use this text for its presentation on Indigenous and European trends of drinking and alcohol production.  In lieu of Taylor’s overarching question of peasant life, his section focusing on indigenous norms for social and religious drinking focuses on pre-colonial pulque and Catholic wine ceremonies.  Information provided in this text fits into our presentation of some of the accepted social and religious uses (and at times overuse) of cultural alcohol.",
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            "extra": "This site introduces and describes Wampums. It then goes into discussing them as they were used for currency in the americas as \"the first currency\".\nThe author, Louis Jordan as a member of the Department of Special Collections of the University of Notre Dame.",
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            "extra": "This site is a digitized version of A history of the Bills of Credit by Google. The book explored the early currency of America and the eventual development into paper money.\nThe author, John Howard Hickcox was an Assistant Librarian at the Library of Congress and is best known for being his governmental publications as he was made an \"honorary member of the American Numismatic and Archaeological Society in 1859\"(sciencedirect.com)",
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