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In contrast to postmodern and poststructuralist perspectives, a hermeneutic debate is described that takes account of a critical perspective. An interpretive postprocessual archaeology needs to incorporate three components: a guarded objectivity of the data, hermeneutic procedures for inferring internal meanings, and reflexivity. The call for an interpretive position is related closely to new, more active roles that the archaeological past is filling in a multicultural world.", "publicationTitle": "American Antiquity", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1991", "volume": "56", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "7-18", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "American Antiquity", "DOI": "10.2307/280968", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/280968", "accessDate": "2016-12-07T18:35:30Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0002-7316", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00276", "tags": [], "collections": [ "T8B35G7Q" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-12-07T18:35:30Z", "dateModified": "2016-12-08T06:41:21Z" } }, { "key": "MVF3HCP2", "version": 59, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 722602, "name": "Myriah Allen 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Challenges in the Archaeology of Native North America", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen W.", "lastName": "Silliman" } ], "abstractNote": "What has frequently been termed \"contact-period\" archaeology has assumed a prominent role in North American archaeology in the last two decades. This article examines the conceptual foundation of archaeological \"culture contact\" studies by sharpening the terminological and interpretive distinction between \"contact\" and \"colonialism.\" The conflation of these two terms, and thereby realms of historical experience, has proven detrimental to archaeologists' attempts to understand indigenous and colonial histories. In light of this predicament, the article tackles three problems with treating colonialism as culture contact: (1) emphasizing short-term encounters rather than long-term entanglements, which ignores the process and heterogeneous forms of colonialism and the multifaceted ways that indigenous people experienced them; (2) down-playing the severity of interaction and the radically different levels of political power, which does little to reveal how Native people negotiated complex social terrain but does much to distance \"contact\" studies from what should be a related research focus in the archaeology of African enslavement and diaspora; and (3) privileging predefined cultural traits over creative or creolized cultural products, which loses sight of the ways that social agents lived their daily lives and that material culture can reveal, as much as hide, the subtleties of cultural change and continuity. /// Lo que frecuentemente se denomina arqueología del \"período de contacto\" ha adquirido en los últimos 20 años un papel prominente en la arqueología norteamericana. Este trabajo examina el legado conceptual de los estudios arqueológicos sobre el contacto cultural y aclara la importante distinción terminológica e interpretativa entre \"contacto\" y \"colonialismo.\" La tendencia a confundir ambos conceptos, y por lo tanto el mundo de las experiencias históricas, ha perjudicado el intento arqueológico por comprender tanto la historia indígena como la colonial. Bajo semejante predicamento, este artículo aborda tres problemas que se generan al equiparar colonialismo con contacto cultural: (1) poner énfasis en los encuentros de poca duración--en vez de las relaciones prolongadas--lo que ignora las formas y los procesos heterogéneos del colonialismo, así como las múltiples dimensiones de las experiencias indígenas, (2) poner menor atención a la intensidad de la interacción y a los grados de poder político tan diferentes, lo que no permite apreciar cómo la gente autóctona negoció en contextos sociales complejos, promoviendo además un distanciamiento entre los estudios de \"contacto\" y las investigaciones afines sobre la arqueología de la esclavitud y diásporas africanas; y (3) privilegiar rasgos culturales predefinidos sobre formas culturales novedosas o criollas, lo que impide apreciar las formas en las que agentes sociales vivieron sus quehaceres cotidianos, olvidando a la vez que la cultura material puede revelar, así como ocultar, las sutilezas del cambio cultural y de la continuidad.", "publicationTitle": "American Antiquity", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "70", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "55-74", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "American Antiquity", "DOI": "10.2307/40035268", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/40035268", "accessDate": "2016-11-16T01:53:58Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0002-7316", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Culture Contact or Colonialism?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00199", "tags": [], "collections": [ "T8B35G7Q" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-11-16T01:53:58Z", "dateModified": "2016-11-21T03:44:47Z" } }, { "key": "43G248HE", "version": 52, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 722602, "name": "Myriah Allen Group", "links": { "alternate": { "href": 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The capability of forensic mitochondrial DNA analysis as a crime-solving tool is examined.", "publicationTitle": "FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Aug 2002", "volume": "71", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "16-22", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com/criminaljusticeperiodicals/docview/204138243/abstract/628845EE756A43AFPQ/16", "accessDate": "2016-10-14T00:50:52Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00145688", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Forensic mitochondrial DNA analysis", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation Aug 2002", "extra": "00017", "tags": [ { "tag": "Criminal investigations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Criminology And Law Enforcement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "DNA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Deoxyribonucleic acid", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Evidence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Forensic sciences", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "AQSQ3FGZ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-14T00:50:52Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-14T06:30:40Z" } }, { "key": "VGCBCTE4", "version": 47, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 722602, "name": "Myriah Allen Group", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/722602/items/VGCBCTE4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group/items/VGCBCTE4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3379748, "username": "maa7032", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/maa7032", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 256707, "username": "ncleghorn", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ncleghorn", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Batzevich", "parsedDate": "1995-03-15", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "VGCBCTE4", "version": 47, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Hair trace element analysis in human ecology studies", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Valery A.", "lastName": "Batzevich" } ], "abstractNote": "Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Se, Mn, Hg, Fe, Cr, Co, Sb, Sc and Au were determined in hair samples of 17 ethnic and territorial groups from the former USSR. Hair samples (837 males, 965 females) were taken from individuals of non-industrial native populations of unpolluted areas. Geographical, geochemical, racial and nutritional aspects of inter-group variations of trace element concentrations are discussed. The significance of hair analysis as a biological indicator of abnormal intake of trace elements in man is confirmed. Geographical variations of hair trace element concentrations, on the whole, depend on geochemical conditions or nutritional factors. The concentration of elements in hair is highly variable because of local factors, which makes racial or ethnic identification impossible for trace element analysis.", "publicationTitle": "Science of The Total Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 15, 1995", "volume": "164", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "89-98", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Science of The Total Environment", "DOI": "10.1016/0048-9697(95)91020-4", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0048969795910204", "accessDate": "2016-10-14T00:45:22Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0048-9697", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00095", "tags": [ { "tag": "Ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ethnic groups", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hair, Trace elements", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "AQSQ3FGZ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-14T00:45:22Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-14T06:30:39Z" } }, { "key": "ASB56P5P", "version": 47, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 722602, "name": "Myriah Allen Group", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/722602/items/ASB56P5P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group/items/ASB56P5P", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3379748, "username": "maa7032", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/maa7032", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 256707, "username": "ncleghorn", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ncleghorn", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brown and Brown", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ASB56P5P", "version": 47, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Biomolecular Archaeology", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Keri A.", "lastName": "Brown" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Terence A.", "lastName": "Brown" } ], "abstractNote": "Ancient biomolecules including DNA, proteins, and lipids are often preserved in archaeological skeletons or artifacts such as potsherds from cooking vessels. Techniques for analyzing these molecules have improved dramatically in recent years, though challenges remain in ensuring that results are authentic and not confused by the presence of contaminating modern biomolecules. Ancient DNA (aDNA) can be used to identify the sex, kinship relationships, and population affinities of human skeletons, and also to detect the presence of disease-causing organisms such as the plague and tuberculosis bacteria. Stable isotope ratios in collagen and other skeletal proteins enable past diets to be studied, and similar work with lipids from potsherds have revealed that dairying in Europe began 2,000 years earlier than previously thought. Biomolecular archaeology has therefore developed into a mature discipline that is making a significant contribution to different aspects of our understanding of the human past.", "publicationTitle": "Annual Review of Anthropology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "42", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "159-174", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1146/annurev-anthro-092412-155455", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092412-155455", "accessDate": "2016-10-14T00:41:42Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Annual Reviews", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00075", "tags": [], "collections": [ "AQSQ3FGZ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-14T00:41:42Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-14T06:30:38Z" } }, { "key": "C3AZ682D", "version": 47, 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"version": 43, "parentItem": "ASB56P5P", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2016-10-14T00:41:42Z", "url": "http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092412-155455", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-14T00:41:42Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-14T00:41:42Z" } }, { "key": "ANVE9I9J", "version": 41, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 722602, "name": "Myriah Allen Group", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/722602/items/ANVE9I9J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group/items/ANVE9I9J", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3379748, "username": "maa7032", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/maa7032", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 256707, "username": "ncleghorn", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ncleghorn", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rautman and Fenton", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ANVE9I9J", "version": 41, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A Case of Historic Cannibalism in the American West: Implications for Southwestern Archaeology", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alison E.", "lastName": "Rautman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Todd W.", "lastName": "Fenton" } ], "abstractNote": "Discoveries of concentrated deposits of fragmentary human bone and their interpretation as evidence of cannibalism in the pre-Hispanic American Southwest have engaged archaeologists in a continuing debate. Forensic study of the victims in the historic Alferd [sic] Packer case from southern Colorado in the 1870s contributes to this discussion by providing detailed data regarding perimortem trauma, cut marks, and butchering patterns in a well-accepted case of mass murder and survival cannibalism. In particular, postmortem cut marks record a butchering strategy focused on filleting muscle tissue for immediate consumption; patterning of cut marks was structured by anatomy and also by cultural values. Contrasts between this historic case and the archaeological assemblages highlights the need for a more nuanced discussion of the cultural context and meaning of the archaeological cases. Interpretations of human skeletal remains arguably must begin with the view of \"the body as artifact\" and from a theoretical perspective defined largely by osteology and in comparison with zooarchaeological assemblages under various ecological conditions. At this point, however, the debate regarding Anasazi cannibalism would benefit from the addition of other anthropological perspectives, particularly those concerning the human body as a vehicle for the expression of cultural ideas and values. /// Los descubrimientos de concentraciones de huesos humanos fragmentarios y su interpretación como evidencia de canibalismo en el Sudoeste prehispánico de los Estados Unidos ha comprometido a arqueólogos en un debate continuo. El estudio forense de las víctimas del caso histórico del Alferd (sic) Packer del Colorado meridional en los 1870's contribuye a esta discusión, proporcionando datos detallados con respecto a trauma perimortem, marcas de cortadas, y patrones de destazamiento en un caso bien-aceptado de asesinato masivo y canibalismo para la supervivencia. En particular, las marcas de cortadas post mortem registran una estrategia de destazamiento mediante rebanadas finas del músculo para el consumo inmediato. El patrón de las cortaduras obedeció a la anatomía y también a los valores culturales. Los contrastes entre este caso histórico y las colecciones arqueológicas destacan la necesidad de una discusión más matizada del contexto cultural y el significado de los casos arqueológicos. Las interpretaciones de los restos esqueléticos humanos deben comenzar con el punto de vista de \"el cuerpo como artefacto\", y desde una perspectiva teórica definida en gran parte, por la osteología y en la comparación con colecciones zooarqueológicas bajo varias condiciones ecológicas. En este punto, sin embargo, el debate con respecto al canibalismo Anasazi se beneficiaría de la suma de otras perspectivas antropológicas, particularmente aquellas referentes al cuerpo humano como vehículo para la expresión de ideas y valores culturales.", "publicationTitle": "American Antiquity", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "70", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "321-341", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "American Antiquity", "DOI": "10.2307/40035706", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/40035706", "accessDate": "2016-09-30T02:25:10Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0002-7316", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "A Case of Historic Cannibalism in the American West", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00025", "tags": [], "collections": [ "T8B35G7Q" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-30T02:25:10Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-30T04:56:55Z" } }, { "key": "DXZF6PPU", "version": 41, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 722602, "name": "Myriah Allen Group", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/722602/items/DXZF6PPU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group/items/DXZF6PPU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3379748, "username": "maa7032", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/maa7032", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 256707, "username": "ncleghorn", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ncleghorn", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Weeden", "parsedDate": "2012-09", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DXZF6PPU", "version": 41, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A Hittite trio", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark", "lastName": "Weeden" } ], "abstractNote": "In particular the date of the Upper City at Hattusa, which had previously been considered a temple district built in one fell swoop during the last phases of the Late Bronze Age Hittite occupation in the thirteenth century BC, has now been convincingly pushed back to the sixteenth century. A Hittite crash course Returning to the Late Bronze Age, the final book to be considered in this review is Theo van den Hout's Elements of Hittite, which is a publication of die Hittite language course as taught by the author at the University of Chicago over the last 20 years.", "publicationTitle": "Antiquity", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 2012", "volume": "86", "issue": "333", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "924-927", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com/docview/1222098363?pq-origsite=summon", "accessDate": "2016-09-30T02:20:47Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003598X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright Antiquity Publications, Ltd. Sep 2012", "extra": "00000", "tags": [ { "tag": "Archaeology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bodyguards", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bronze Age", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Grammar", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Illustrations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Iron Age", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Military history", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Orthography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reading", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "5W9EP56D" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-30T02:20:47Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-30T04:56:54Z" } }, { "key": "PC7TNJG5", "version": 41, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 722602, "name": "Myriah Allen Group", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/722602/items/PC7TNJG5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group/items/PC7TNJG5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3379748, "username": "maa7032", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/maa7032", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 256707, "username": "ncleghorn", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ncleghorn", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bryce", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "PC7TNJG5", "version": 41, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "How Old Was Matanazi?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Trevor", "lastName": "Bryce" } ], "abstractNote": "Discussion of Ramesses II's reply to the Hittite king Hattušili III's request for medical assistance to enable his elderly sister to bear children. Calculations based on Hittite documents show her to be at least 58 and Ramesses II's assessment of her age true.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1998", "volume": "84", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "212-215", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology", "DOI": "10.2307/3822219", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3822219", "accessDate": "2016-09-30T02:20:07Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0307-5133", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00001", "tags": [], "collections": [ "5W9EP56D" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-30T02:20:07Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-30T04:56:53Z" } }, { "key": "I6E22NXS", "version": 41, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 722602, "name": "Myriah Allen Group", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/722602/items/I6E22NXS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group/items/I6E22NXS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3379748, "username": "maa7032", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/maa7032", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 256707, "username": "ncleghorn", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ncleghorn", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Erimtan", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "I6E22NXS", "version": 41, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Hittites, Ottomans and Turks: Ağaoğlu Ahmed Bey and the Kemalist Construction of Turkish Nationhood in Anatolia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Can", "lastName": "Erimtan" } ], "abstractNote": "This article analyses the position of the Hittites in the theoretical development of Turkish nationalism in the 20th century. The piece provides an outline of the full content of the Hittite claim in a Turkish nationalist context, particularly its promulgation as part of the so-called 'Turkish History Thesis'. Following this, I will give full weight to the historical circumstances surrounding the emergence of the Hittite trope in Turkish writing. Basing myself on the work of Mete Tunçay, I will give proper prominence to the publication of the propaganda tract \"Pontus Meselesi\" (1922). It is my contention that the Turkish intellectual of Azerî descent, Ağaoğlu Ahmed Bey, was the sole author of the text \"Pontus Meselesi\". The remainder of the article consists of a close reading of this geo-text. I will demonstrate that Ağaoğlu's discovery of the Hittites as worthy forebears for the Anatolian Muslims, whom he refers to as 'Turks' in his text, was the outcome of an ideologically motivated reading of 19th century European accounts of ancient Near Eastern history. The article shows that the propagation of the Kemalist concept of Turkish nationalism in Anatolia dates back to 1922, a year prior to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. /// Bu makalede, 20. yüzyıl Türk milliyetçiliğinin teorik gelişiminde Hititlerin yeri incelenmektedir. Burada özellikle Türk milliyetçiliğinin arka planında görülen ve 'Türk Tarihi Tezi' nin bir parçası olarak resmiyet kazanmış olan Hitit teması anahatları ile ele alınmaktadır. Ardından Türk yazımında ortaya çıkan Hitit mecazlarını açıklar nitelikteki tarihi gerçekler tüm boyutları ile değerlendirilmektedir. Mete Tunçay tarafından yapılan çalışmaya dayanarak, propaganda konusu olan \"Pontus Meselesi\" (1922) yayınına vurgu yapılmaktadır. Bu makalenin yazarı, Azeri kökenli Türk entellektüeli Ağaoğlu Ahmed Bey'in \"Pontus Meselesi\" metninin tek yazarı olduğu görüşündedir. Makalenin geri kalanında bu coğrafi-metin yakından incelenmektedir. Ağaoğlu, metin içinde Anadolu müslümanlarını 'Türk' olarak adlandırır ve onların atası olarak da Hititleri gösterir. Bu makale, Ağaoğlu çıkarımının 19. yüzyıl Avrupasındaki Eski Yakın Doğu tarihi anlatımlarındaki ideolojik yönlendirmeyle şekillendiği göstermektedir. Makalede Anadolu Türk milliyetçiliğindeki Kemalist kavram yayılımının Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kurulmasından bir yıl önceye, 1922 yılına dayandığı anlatılmaktadır.", "publicationTitle": "Anatolian Studies", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "58", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "141-171", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Anatolian Studies", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20455417", "accessDate": "2016-09-30T02:16:35Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0066-1546", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Hittites, Ottomans and Turks", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [], "collections": [ "5W9EP56D" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-30T02:16:35Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-30T04:56:52Z" } }, { "key": "43JNR2Z9", "version": 41, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 722602, "name": "Myriah Allen Group", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/722602/items/43JNR2Z9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group/items/43JNR2Z9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3379748, "username": "maa7032", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/maa7032", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 256707, "username": "ncleghorn", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ncleghorn", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mac Sweeney", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "43JNR2Z9", "version": 41, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Hittites and Arzawans: a view from western Anatolia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Naoíse", "lastName": "Mac Sweeney" } ], "abstractNote": "There has been much recent research in archaeology on the dynamics of imperial systems, and valuable work has been done on the complex relationships between the Hittite state and groups on its imperial periphery. The nature of the available source material means that these relationships are usually studied from a Hittite perspective, and that interactions with the Hittites are often seen as centrally important for these groups. In this paper, however, it is argued that archaeological evidence can be used to gain insight into alternative views — views which may not necessarily privilege relationships with the Hittites over those with other groups. One well-documented example of such a group is Arzawa, a quarrelsome coalition of principalities in western Anatolia. This paper will focus on the western Anatolian site of Beycesultan, caught between the Hittite and Arzawan heartlands. It will show that people at Beycesultan did not define themselves primarily in relation to either the Hittites or the Arzawan confederacy, but had their own dynamic and shifting world-view. İmparatorluk sistemlerinin dinamikleri konusunda pek çok yeni arkeolojik araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Bu araştırmalara dayanarak, Hitit devleti ile çevresindeki gruplar arasındaki karmaşık ilişkileri inceleyen birçok değerli çalışma yapılmıştır. Mevcut olan kaynakların doğası gereği, bu ilişkiler genellikle Hitit bakış açısıyla incelenmekte ve çoğunlukla Hititlerle etkileşimin bu gruplar için çok önemli olduğu varsayılmaktadır. Ancak, bu makale arkeolojik kanıtların farklı bakış açılarına sahip olabilmek için kullanılabileceğini savunmaktadır — ki bu bakış açısı, Hititlerle olan ilişkilerinin bu gruplara ayrıcalık sağlaması gerekmediğidir. Bunlar arasında iyi belgelenmiş olan bir örnek de, batı Anadolu'daki savaşçı beyliklerin koalisyonundan oluşan Arzawa grubudur. Bu makale batı Anadolu'daki Hitit ve Arzawa merkezlerinin arasında sıkışmış Beycesultan yerleşimi üzerinde yoğunlaşmaktadır ve aslında Beycesultan halkının kendilerini öncelikli olarak Hitit veya Arzawa birliklerine ait görmediklerini, farklı dinamiklere ve değişken bir dünya görüşüne sahip bir toplum olarak gördüklerini ortaya koyacaktır.", "publicationTitle": "Anatolian Studies", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2010", "volume": "60", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "7-24", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Anatolian Studies", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/23317502", "accessDate": "2016-09-30T02:16:31Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0066-1546", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Hittites and Arzawans", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00010", "tags": [], "collections": [ "5W9EP56D" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-30T02:16:31Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-30T04:56:51Z" } }, { "key": "8VIFWB8I", "version": 41, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 722602, "name": "Myriah Allen Group", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/722602/items/8VIFWB8I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group/items/8VIFWB8I", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3379748, "username": "maa7032", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/maa7032", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 256707, "username": "ncleghorn", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ncleghorn", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "García and Belmonte", "parsedDate": "2011-11", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "8VIFWB8I", "version": 41, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Thinking Hattusha: Astronomy and Landscape in the Hittite Lands", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. César González", "lastName": "García" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Juan Antonio", "lastName": "Belmonte" } ], "abstractNote": "Contemporaneous with the Egyptian New Kingdom, the inhabitants of the Hittite Empire and their masters, the Kings of the Land of Hatti, produced a most sophisticated society, heir to a long Anatolian cultural tradition lasting several millennia.2 However, to our knowledge, cultural astronomy studies in this area and particular period have been practically nil.3 Preliminary analysis of some Hittite monuments and of the written sources had shown certain clues to a possible interest in the sky, but the judgement of Jürgen Seeher,4 the director of the team currently excavating at Hattusha, the Hittite capital, was so categorically negative regarding the question that apparently there was no hope of obtaining a positive result. [...]Section 4 presents the conclusions, both definitive and preliminary, of our work. 1.", "publicationTitle": "Journal for the History of Astronomy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 2011", "volume": "42", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "461-494,544", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com/docview/1024813274/abstract/A1B8D249C53B4751PQ/1", "accessDate": "2016-09-30T02:16:26Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00218286", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Thinking Hattusha", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright Science History Publications Ltd. Nov 2011", "extra": "00009", "tags": [ { "tag": "Astronomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Deities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Religion", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "5W9EP56D" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-30T02:16:26Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-30T04:56:50Z" } }, { "key": "Z5NVQ4T3", "version": 41, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 722602, "name": "Myriah Allen Group", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/722602/items/Z5NVQ4T3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group/items/Z5NVQ4T3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3379748, "username": "maa7032", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/maa7032", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 256707, "username": "ncleghorn", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ncleghorn", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Garcea and Hildebrand", "parsedDate": "2009-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Z5NVQ4T3", "version": 41, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Shifting social networks along the Nile: Middle Holocene ceramic assemblages from Sai Island, Sudan", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elena A. A.", "lastName": "Garcea" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elisabeth A.", "lastName": "Hildebrand" } ], "abstractNote": "During the middle Holocene, profound changes in environment, economy, and social relations laid the foundations for the emergence of Africa’s earliest polities: the Egyptian Old Kingdom and the Kerma state. Regional shifts in economy and society may be reflected in local changes in patterning of ceramic production and exchange. Analysis of two pottery assemblages from Sai Island, north Sudan, reveals dramatic shifts in the scale of cultural spheres and the nature of cross-cultural interaction between 5000 BC (Khartoum Variant) and 2600 BC (Pre-Kerma). Near-sedentary Khartoum Variant hunter–gatherers at site 8-B-10C participated in a longstanding cultural sphere that extended far into the Sahara, but were beginning to focus more tightly on resources by the Nile. By Pre-Kerma times, Sai occupants familiar with animal husbandry started to use southwest Asian plant domesticates; they began to experiment with large-scale storage facilities and engage in long-distance trade along the Nile, outside of their own cultural boundaries. Beyond a shift in axes for contact from east–west to north–south, these changes signal progressive geographic and temporal compression of cultural entities, amidst accelerating processes of economic innovation and social change that finally culminated in the polities of Egypt and Kerma.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Anthropological Archaeology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 2009", "volume": "28", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "304-322", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Anthropological Archaeology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaa.2009.05.002", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278416509000282", "accessDate": "2016-09-30T01:53:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0278-4165", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Shifting social networks along the Nile", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00019", "tags": [ { "tag": "Archaeology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ceramics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Holocene", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nile", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sahara", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social differentiation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sudan", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "T8B35G7Q" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-30T02:11:17Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-30T04:56:49Z" } }, { "key": "KERPZF64", "version": 40, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 722602, "name": "Myriah Allen Group", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/722602/items/KERPZF64", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group/items/KERPZF64", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/722602/items/ANVE9I9J", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3379748, "username": "maa7032", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/maa7032", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "KERPZF64", "version": 40, "parentItem": "ANVE9I9J", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "JSTOR Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2016-09-30T02:25:10Z", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/10.2307/40035706.pdf?acceptTC=true", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-30T02:25:10Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-30T02:25:10Z" } }, { "key": "JJUJN7BJ", "version": 39, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 722602, "name": "Myriah Allen Group", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/722602/items/JJUJN7BJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/myriah_allen_group/items/JJUJN7BJ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/722602/items/DXZF6PPU", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3379748, "username": "maa7032", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/maa7032", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "JJUJN7BJ", "version": 39, "parentItem": "DXZF6PPU", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2016-09-30T02:20:47Z", "url": "http://media.proquest.com/media/pq/classic/doc/2832671361/fmt/pi/rep/NONE?cit%3Aauth=Weeden%2C+Mark&cit%3Atitle=A+Hittite+trio&cit%3Apub=Antiquity&cit%3Avol=86&cit%3Aiss=333&cit%3Apg=924&cit%3Adate=Sep+2012&ic=true&cit%3Aprod=SciTech+Premium+Collection&_a=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%2FcT1BcmNoYWVvbG9neStvZitIaXR0aXRlc%2BoCBnN1bW1vbvICAA%3D%3D&_s=GYnWPuS%2FZ7fWKQdqWqOKudRCuwk%3D", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-30T02:20:47Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-30T02:20:47Z" } } ]