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"journalArticle", "title": "A Review of School Climate Research", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amrit", "lastName": "Thapa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonathan", "lastName": "Cohen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shawn", "lastName": "Guffey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ann", "lastName": "Higgins-D'Alessandro" } ], "abstractNote": "For more than a century, there has been a growing interest in school climate. Recently, the U.S. Department of Education, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute for Educational Sciences, a growing number of State Departments of Education, foreign educational ministries, and UNICEF have focused on school climate reform as an evidence-based school improvement strategy that supports students, parents/guardians, and school personnel learning and working together to create ever safer, more supportive and engaging K-12 schools. This work presents an integrative review on school climate research. The 206 citations used in this review include experimental studies, correlational studies, literature reviews, and other descriptive studies. The review focuses on five essential dimensions of school climate: Safety, Relationships, Teaching and Learning, Institutional Environment, and the School Improvement Process. We conclude with a critique of the field and a series of recommendations for school climate researchers and policymakers.", "publicationTitle": "Review of Educational Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "SEP 2013", "volume": "83", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "357-385", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Rev. Educ. Res.", "DOI": "10.3102/0034654313483907", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0034-6543", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000322590700002", "tags": [ { "tag": "academic-achievement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "adolescent health", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "african-american", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bullying", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "elementary-schools", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "learning-environment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "mental-health", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "middle school", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "prosocial education", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "school climate", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "school improvement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "social climate", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "socio-emotional learning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "student perceptions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "teacher-child relationships", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "79R3RCUQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z" } }, { "key": "K8MIMUUK", "version": 28, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 720301, "name": "NS 4600 library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/720301/items/K8MIMUUK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library/items/K8MIMUUK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 268116, "username": "ca92", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ca92", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Patel et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "K8MIMUUK", "version": 28, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Promoting child and adolescent mental health in low and middle income countries", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vikram", "lastName": "Patel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alan J.", "lastName": "Flisher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anula", "lastName": "Nikapota" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Savita", "lastName": "Malhotra" } ], "abstractNote": "Children and adolescents in low and middle income countries (LAMIC) constitute 35-50% of the population. Although the population in many such countries is predominantly rural, rapid urbanisation and social change is under way, with an increase in urban poverty and unemployment, which are risk factors for poor child and adolescent mental health (CAMH). There is a vast gap between CAMH needs (as measured through burden of disease estimates) and the availability of CAMH resources. The role of CAMH promotion and prevention can thus not be overestimated. However, the evidence base for affordable and effective interventions for promotion and prevention in LAMIC is limited. In this review, we briefly review the public health importance of CAM disorders in LAMIC and the specific issues related to risk and protective factors for these disorders. We describe a number of potential strategies for CAMH promotion which focus on building capacity in children and adolescents, in parents and families, in the school and health systems, and in the wider community, including structural interventions. Building capacity in CAMH must also focus on the detection and treatment of disorders for which the evidence base is somewhat stronger, and on wider public health strategies for prevention and promotion. In particular, capacity needs to be built across the health system, with particular foci on low-cost, universally available and accessible resources, and on empowerment of families and children. We also consider the role of formal teaching and training programmes, and the role for specialists in CAMH promotion.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "MAR 2008", "volume": "49", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "313-334", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01824.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0021-9630", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000253826700007", "tags": [ { "tag": "corporal punishment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cross-cultural", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developing countries children", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "infant growth", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "maternal depression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "mental health", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "prevalence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "protective factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "psychiatric-disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "public health", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "randomized-trial", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "risk factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "risk-factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "school-children", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "self-esteem", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "south-africa", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "young-people", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "79R3RCUQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z" } }, { "key": "UHPGKTIQ", "version": 28, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 720301, "name": "NS 4600 library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/720301/items/UHPGKTIQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library/items/UHPGKTIQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 268116, "username": "ca92", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ca92", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Proctor et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UHPGKTIQ", "version": 28, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Youth Life Satisfaction: A Review of the Literature", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carmel L.", "lastName": "Proctor" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. Alex", "lastName": "Linley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Maltby" } ], "abstractNote": "A central construct within the positive psychology literature is life satisfaction. Whereas adult life satisfaction has been studied extensively, the life satisfaction of children and adolescents has only received attention more recently. This article provides a review of the extant research on youth life satisfaction. Empirical studies (n = 141) on life satisfaction among youth are reviewed. The review details how life satisfaction among youth relates to various other important emotional, social, and behavioural constructs. Evidenced by the review are the conditions that foster positive life satisfaction and the implications of positive life satisfaction among youth. Future directions in life satisfaction research among youth are briefly discussed.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Happiness Studies", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "OCT 2009", "volume": "10", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "583-630", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Happiness Stud.", "DOI": "10.1007/s10902-008-9110-9", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1389-4978", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Youth Life Satisfaction", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000269884500005", "tags": [ { "tag": "Children", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Happiness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Life satisfaction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Review", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Subjective well-being", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "african-american", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "childrens-hope-scale", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "chinese adolescents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "economic disadvantage", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "high-school adolescents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "parent-adolescent conflict", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "positive mental-health", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "problem behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "psychological adaptation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "self-concept", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "79R3RCUQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z" } }, { "key": "8G69E5W7", "version": 28, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 720301, "name": "NS 4600 library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/720301/items/8G69E5W7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library/items/8G69E5W7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 268116, "username": "ca92", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ca92", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Grant et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8G69E5W7", "version": 28, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: Evidence of moderating and mediating effects", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. E.", "lastName": "Grant" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B. E.", "lastName": "Compas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. E.", "lastName": "Thurm" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. D.", "lastName": "McMahon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. Y.", "lastName": "Gipson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. J.", "lastName": "Campbell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "Krochock" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. I.", "lastName": "Westerholm" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper reviews studies that have tested for moderators or mediators of the relation between stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology. Many studies have tested for moderation, but results of research studying moderators have been inconclusive. There have been few theory-based studies and there have been few consistent findings. Far fewer studies have tested for mediation effects, but these studies have generally been theory-driven, have more often built upon one another in an incremental fashion, and have yielded consistent results. In particular, there is substantial evidence for the mediating role of family relationship in the relation between stressors and child and adolescent psychological symptoms. Future studies should integrate moderator and mediator research by testing for specific mediators in relation to particular moderating contexts, so that we can better understand the complex ways in which stressful life experiences affect the well-being of children and adolescents. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "Clinical Psychology Review", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "MAY 2006", "volume": "26", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "257-283", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Clin. Psychol. Rev.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.cpr.2005.06.011", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0272-7358", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000237723600002", "tags": [ { "tag": "adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "african-american youth", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "emotional behavioral-problems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "hispanic caucasian adolescents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "inner-city adolescents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "lifetime exit events", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "mediators", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "moderators", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "negative affect model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "posttraumatic-stress", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "psychopathology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "psychosocial risk-factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "school-age-children", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sexually-abused girls", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "stressors", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "79R3RCUQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z" } }, { "key": "FH5DVADV", "version": 28, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 720301, "name": "NS 4600 library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/720301/items/FH5DVADV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library/items/FH5DVADV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 268116, "username": "ca92", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ca92", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Griner and Smith", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FH5DVADV", "version": 28, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Culturally adapted mental health interventions: A meta-analytic review", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Derek", "lastName": "Griner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Timothy B.", "lastName": "Smith" } ], "abstractNote": "There is a pressing need to enhance the availability and quality of mental health services provided to persons from historically disadvantaged racial and ethnic groups. Many previous authors have advocated that traditional mental health treatments be modified to better match clients' cultural contexts. Numerous studies evaluating culturally adapted interventions have appeared, and the present study used meta-analytic methodology to summarize these data. Across 76 studies the resulting random effects weighted average ;effect size was d = .45, indicating a moderately strong benefit of culturally adapted interventions. Interventions targeted to a specific cultural group were four times more effective than interventions provided to groups consisting of clients from a variety of cultural backgrounds. Interventions conducted in clients' native language (if other than English) were twice as effective as interventions conducted in English. Recommendations are provided for improving the study of outcomes associated with mental health interventions adapted to the cultural context of the client.", "publicationTitle": "Psychotherapy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "WIN 2006", "volume": "43", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "531-548", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Psychotherapy", "DOI": "10.1037/0033-3204.43.4.531", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0033-3204", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Culturally adapted mental health interventions", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000243283200014", "tags": [ { "tag": "african-american", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "asian-american clients", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cognitive-behavioral therapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "counseling psychology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ethnic-minorities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "inpatient psychiatric units", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "language", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "low-income", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "meta-analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "multicultural", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "psychotherapy outcomes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "publication bias", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "puerto-rican children", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "racial/ethnic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sensitive psychotherapy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "79R3RCUQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z" } }, { "key": "XCJSNB8S", "version": 28, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 720301, "name": "NS 4600 library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/720301/items/XCJSNB8S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library/items/XCJSNB8S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 268116, "username": "ca92", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ca92", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Larouche et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-10-18", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XCJSNB8S", "version": 28, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A systematic review of active transportation research in Africa and the psychometric properties of measurement tools for children and youth", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Larouche" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Adewale L.", "lastName": "Oyeyemi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Antonio", "lastName": "Prista" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vincent", "lastName": "Onywera" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kingsley K.", "lastName": "Akinroye" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark S.", "lastName": "Tremblay" } ], "abstractNote": "Background: Previous systematic reviews indicate that active transportation (AT; the use of non-motorized travel modes such as walking, running and cycling) is an important source of daily physical activity (PA). However, no previous systematic review has examined travel behaviours among African children and youth or the psychometric properties of measurement tools used among children and youth worldwide. Methods: Studies on AT among African children and youth (aged 5-17 years) were identified through 1) the MEDLINE and Embase databases; 2) manual searches of six African journals that are not indexed in these databases; and 3) the articles included in a previous systematic review on PA among children and youth in Sub-Saharan Africa. Second, literature on the psychometric properties of measurement tools for children and youth was searched using the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycInfo, SportDiscus, and Health and Psychosocial Instruments databases. Study quality was assessed with a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist. Results: Twenty studies reported original data on AT among African children and youth. This evidence suggests that rates of AT to/from school are lower in urban areas and in youth attending higher SES schools. Two population-based studies reported rates of AT ranging between 19.8% and 66.6% in multiple countries. Studies conducted in Africa seldom examined non-school travel and only one reported data on the psychometric properties of their measures of travel behaviours. Nineteen studies conducted predominantly in high-income countries provided psychometric data. Child and parent reports were used in 17 studies, and these measures generally showed substantial to almost perfect test-retest reliability and convergent validity for school trips. Limited information was available regarding non-school trips. Objective measures of travel behaviours have been used much less often, and further validity and reliability assessments are warranted. Conclusion: These findings emphasize a need for more research examining travel behaviours among African children and youth, particularly for non-school travel. Further research is needed to develop valid and reliable measures of non-school travel and to examine their psychometric properties in the African context. These measures could then be used to evaluate AT promotion interventions.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "OCT 18 2014", "volume": "11", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "129", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act.", "DOI": "10.1186/s12966-014-0129-5", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1479-5868", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000346205700001", "tags": [ { "tag": "Active travel", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Africa", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Motorized travel", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reliability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Validity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "adolescents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cardiovascular fitness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "chronic diseases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "kenyan", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "physical-activity transition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "school-aged children", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sedentary behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sub-saharan africa", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "test-retest reliability", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "79R3RCUQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z" } }, { "key": "GTSAT7CM", "version": 28, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 720301, "name": "NS 4600 library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/720301/items/GTSAT7CM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library/items/GTSAT7CM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 268116, "username": "ca92", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ca92", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cortina et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GTSAT7CM", "version": 28, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Prevalence of Child Mental Health Problems in Sub-Saharan Africa A Systematic Review", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Melissa A.", "lastName": "Cortina" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anisha", "lastName": "Sodha" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mina", "lastName": "Fazel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul G.", "lastName": "Ramchandani" } ], "abstractNote": "Objective: Toassess the prevalence of child mental health problems in community settings in sub-Saharan Africa. Data Sources: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsychInfo, supplemented by tracking of references from identified articles and personal communications with local researchers. Study Selection: Only community-based studies in sub-Saharan Africa that assessed the general psychopathology of children aged 0 to 16 years were included. For each eligible study, the following information was extracted: year of publication, country, population sampled, area type (rural or urban), sampling method and sample size (percentage boys), age range, assessment instrument, informant, diagnostic criteria, and prevalence rates of general psychopathology. Main Outcome Measure: Pooled prevalence rate of psychopathology in children, identified by questionnaire and, specifically, by clinical diagnostic instruments. Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, 10 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The 10 studies provided data for 9713 children from 6 countries, with substantial variation in assessment methods. Overall, 14.3% (95% CI, 13.6%-15.0%) of children were identified as having psychopathology. Studies using screening questionnaires reported higher prevalence rates (19.8%; 95% CI, 18.8%-20.7%) than did studies using clinical diagnostic instruments (9.5%; 8.4%-10.5%). Conclusions: Evidence suggests that considerable levels of mental health problems exist among children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. One in 7 children and adolescents have significant difficulties, with 1 in 10 (9.5%) having a specific psychiatric disorder. There are clear sociodemographic correlates of psychopathology that may place children in areas of greatest deprivation at greatest risk.", "publicationTitle": "Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "MAR 2012", "volume": "166", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "276-281", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1072-4710", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000301067300011", "tags": [ { "tag": "adversity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "depression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developing-countries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "population", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "psychiatric-disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "psychopathology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "risk-factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "rural children", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "school-children", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "south-africa", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "79R3RCUQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z" } }, { "key": "3ZHJNVJX", "version": 28, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 720301, "name": "NS 4600 library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/720301/items/3ZHJNVJX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library/items/3ZHJNVJX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 268116, "username": "ca92", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ca92", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fowler et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3ZHJNVJX", "version": 28, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Community violence: A meta-analysis on the effect of exposure and mental health outcomes of children and adolescents", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Patrick J.", "lastName": "Fowler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carolyn J.", "lastName": "Tompsett" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jordan M.", "lastName": "Braciszewski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Angela J.", "lastName": "Jacques-Tiura" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Boris B.", "lastName": "Baltes" } ], "abstractNote": "Meta-analytic techniques Were used to estimate the effects of exposure to community violence on mental health Outcomes across 114 studies. Community violence had its strongest effects on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and externalizing problems and smallest impact on other internalizing symptoms, Victimization by community violence most predicted symptomatology compared to witnessing or hearing about community violence. Witnessing community violence had a greater effect than hearing about violence on externalizing problems, but both types of exposure had an equal impact on other internalizing problems. PTSD symptoms were equally predicted by victimization, witnessing, or hearing about community violence. Compared to children, adolescents reported a stronger relationship between externalizing behaviors and exposure, whereas children exhibited greater internalizing problems than did adolescents.", "publicationTitle": "Development and Psychopathology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JAN 2009", "volume": "21", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "227-259", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Dev. Psychopathol.", "DOI": "10.1017/S0954579409000145", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0954-5794", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Community violence", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000262699100014", "tags": [ { "tag": "african-american youth", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "antisocial-behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "inner-city youth", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neighborhood violence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "no safe haven", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "posttraumatic stress symptoms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "psychological distress", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "school-age-children", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "social support", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "young adolescents", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "79R3RCUQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z" } }, { "key": "5N9VK2TZ", "version": 28, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 720301, "name": "NS 4600 library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/720301/items/5N9VK2TZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library/items/5N9VK2TZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 268116, "username": "ca92", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ca92", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Domitrovich and Greenberg", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5N9VK2TZ", "version": 28, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The study of implementation: Current findings from effective programs that prevent mental disorders in school-aged children", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. E.", "lastName": "Domitrovich" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. T.", "lastName": "Greenberg" } ], "abstractNote": "Prevention science is a rapidly advancing field and is at the point where a number of preventive interventions have documented the ability to change developmental trajectories and reduce negative outcomes. Recently, reports sum marizing these \"effective\" programs have circulated among researchers and practitioners. Surprisingly, many of the highest-quality programs fail to take adequate steps to monitor and verify program integrity. This weakens the conclusions that can be drawn regarding the program outcomes and reduces the likelihood that replications will resemble the original program. The next challenge facing the prevention field is to help consumers who are implementing effective programs in naturalistic settings do so with quality and fidelity to the original program so that they achieve similarly successful outcomes. This article reviews implementation issues in prevention trials and specifically highlights the study of implementation in the 34 programs determined to be effective in a recent review conducted by the Prevention Research Center for the Center for Mental Health Services. Reasons for the lack of attention to implementation and suggestions for way to incorporate implementation measurement into prevention initiatives are discussed.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2000", "volume": "11", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "193-221", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Educ. Psychol. Consult.", "DOI": "10.1207/S1532768XJEPC1102_04", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1047-4412", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The study of implementation", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000088751100004", "tags": [ { "tag": "2-year follow-up", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "african-american boys", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "aggressive boys", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "childhood aggression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cognitive-behavioral interventions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "depressive symptoms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "disruptive behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "middle-school", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "secondary prevention", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "substance-abuse prevention", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "79R3RCUQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-27T16:23:17Z" } }, { "key": "RNW987K7", "version": 28, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 720301, "name": "NS 4600 library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/720301/items/RNW987K7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ns_4600_library/items/RNW987K7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 268116, "username": "ca92", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ca92", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Prince et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-09-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RNW987K7", "version": 28, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Global mental health 1 - No health without mental health", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martin", "lastName": "Prince" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vikram", "lastName": "Patel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shekhar", "lastName": "Saxena" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mario", "lastName": "Maj" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joanna", "lastName": "Maselko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael R.", "lastName": "Phillips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Atif", "lastName": "Rahman" } ], "abstractNote": "About 14% of the global burden of disease has been attributed to neuropsychiatric disorders, mostly due to the chronically disabling nature of depression and other common mental disorders, alcohol-use and substance-use disorders, and psychoses. Such estimates have drawn attention to the importance of mental disorders for public health. However, because they stress the separate contributions of mental and physical disorders to disability and mortality, they might have entrenched the alienation of mental health from mainstream efforts to improve health and reduce poverty. The burden of mental disorders is likely to have been underestimated because of inadequate appreciation of the connectedness between mental illness and other health conditions. Because these interactions are protean, there can be no health without mental health. Mental disorders increase risk for communicable and non-communicable diseases, and contribute to unintentional and intentional injury. Conversely, many health conditions increase the risk for mental disorder, and comorbidity complicates help-seeking, diagnosis, and treatment, and influences prognosis. Health services are not provided equitably to people with mental disorders, and the quality of care for both mental and physical health conditions for these people could be improved. We need to develop and evaluate psychosocial interventions that can be integrated into management of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Health-care systems should be strengthened to improve delivery of mental health care, by focusing on existing programmes and activities, such as those which address the prevention and treatment of HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria; gender-based violence; antenatal care; integrated management of childhood illnesses and child nutrition; and innovative management of chronic disease. An explicit mental health budget might need to be allocated for such activities. Mental health affects progress towards the achievement of several Millennium Development Goals, such as promotion of gender equality and empowerment of women, reduction of child mortality, improvement of maternal health, and reversal of the spread of HIV/AIDS. Mental health awareness needs to be integrated into all aspects of health and social policy, health-system planning, and delivery of primary and secondary general health care.", "publicationTitle": "Lancet", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "SEP 8 2007", "volume": "370", "issue": "9590", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "859-877", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Lancet", "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61238-0", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0140-6736", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000249733300031", "tags": [ { "tag": "active antiretroviral therapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "african periurban settlement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cognitive-behavioral therapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "coronary-heart-disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": 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