[ { "key": "GPWN7MMS", "version": 42, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/GPWN7MMS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/GPWN7MMS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GPWN7MMS", "version": 42, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/revbio/bio-2010/bio102e.pdf", "accessDate": "2016-11-04T01:44:27Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-11-04T01:44:27Z", "dateModified": "2016-11-04T01:44:27Z" } }, { "key": "9XTA9DAE", "version": 41, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/9XTA9DAE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/9XTA9DAE", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/XWXZ5P4S", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3270032, "username": "Alejandra Lopez97", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alejandra_lopez97", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "9XTA9DAE", "version": 41, "parentItem": "XWXZ5P4S", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed Central Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2016-10-26T20:40:55Z", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4992521/pdf/BMRI2016-4130834.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-26T20:40:55Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-26T20:40:55Z" } }, { "key": "XWXZ5P4S", "version": 41, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/XWXZ5P4S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/XWXZ5P4S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3270032, "username": "Alejandra Lopez97", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alejandra_lopez97", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Liu et al.", "parsedDate": "2016", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "XWXZ5P4S", "version": 41, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "High Mobility Group Box1 Protein Is Involved in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced by Clostridium difficile Toxin A", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ji", "lastName": "Liu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yi", "lastName": "Ma" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chun-Li", "lastName": "Sun" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shan", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ju-Fang", "lastName": "Wang" } ], "abstractNote": "High Mobility Group Box1 (HMGB1), a damage-associated inflammatory factor, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this study, the role of the HMGB1 in TcdA-induced ER stress was identified. Clostridium difficile toxin A is one of the major virulence factors of C. difficile infection (CDI) and has been proved to induce apoptotic cell death through ER stress. Our results showed that HMGB1 might play an important role in the TcdA-induced ER stress and unfolded protein response. HMGB1 activated molecular markers and induced the C/EBP homologous protein upregulation (CHOP). This study may provide the essential information for better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in CDI.", "publicationTitle": "BioMed Research International", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2016", "volume": "2016", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biomed Res Int", "DOI": "10.1155/2016/4130834", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4992521/", "accessDate": "2016-10-26T20:40:55Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2314-6133", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed Central", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 27579314\nPMCID: PMC4992521", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-26T20:40:55Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-26T20:40:55Z" } }, { "key": "F57KBKRD", "version": 41, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/F57KBKRD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/F57KBKRD", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/XWXZ5P4S", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3270032, "username": "Alejandra Lopez97", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alejandra_lopez97", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "F57KBKRD", "version": 41, "parentItem": "XWXZ5P4S", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed Central Link", "accessDate": "2016-10-26T20:40:55Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4992521/", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-26T20:40:55Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-26T20:40:55Z" } }, { "key": "KVZ9EU6R", "version": 40, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/KVZ9EU6R", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/KVZ9EU6R", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/79WCAVRQ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "KVZ9EU6R", "version": 40, "parentItem": "79WCAVRQ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2016-10-12T03:02:57Z", "url": "http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/MediosdeComunicacion/Comunicados/p_vs_proteger-pacientes_03032016.html", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-12T03:02:57Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T03:02:57Z" } }, { "key": "79WCAVRQ", "version": 40, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/79WCAVRQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/79WCAVRQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "CDCespanol", "parsedDate": "2016-03-03", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "79WCAVRQ", "version": 40, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Las superbacterias amenazan a los pacientes en los hospitales", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "CDCespanol" } ], "abstractNote": "1 de cada 4 infecciones asociadas a la atención médica (HAI) relacionadas con operaciones y con el uso de catéteres y sondas es causada por seis bacterias resistentes en los hospitales de cuidados a l", "websiteTitle": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "websiteType": "", "date": "2016-03-03", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/mediosdecomunicacion/comunicados/p_vs_proteger-pacientes_03032016.html", "accessDate": "2016-10-12T03:02:57Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-12T03:02:57Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T03:02:57Z" } }, { "key": "PJ5RNCQV", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/PJ5RNCQV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/PJ5RNCQV", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/RCB52IMC", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "PJ5RNCQV", "version": 38, "parentItem": "RCB52IMC", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2016-10-12T01:18:10Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27713865", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-12T01:18:10Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T01:18:10Z" } }, { "key": "MT8UFQPJ", "version": 37, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/MT8UFQPJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/MT8UFQPJ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/7842U3TX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "MT8UFQPJ", "version": 37, "parentItem": "7842U3TX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2016-10-12T01:15:52Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25404023", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-12T01:15:52Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T01:15:52Z" } }, { "key": "HNV2TUQ8", "version": 37, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/HNV2TUQ8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/HNV2TUQ8", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/7842U3TX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "HNV2TUQ8", "version": 37, "parentItem": "7842U3TX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2016-10-12T01:15:52Z", "url": "http://iai.asm.org/content/83/2/502.long", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-12T01:15:52Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T01:15:52Z" } }, { "key": "2UFTX5GW", "version": 37, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/2UFTX5GW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/2UFTX5GW", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/7842U3TX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "2UFTX5GW", "version": 37, "parentItem": "7842U3TX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2016-10-12T01:15:52Z", "url": "http://iai.asm.org/content/83/2/502.full.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-12T01:15:52Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T01:15:52Z" } }, { "key": "PFWFJWBH", "version": 36, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/PFWFJWBH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/PFWFJWBH", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/53GUK347", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "PFWFJWBH", "version": 36, "parentItem": "53GUK347", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2016-10-12T01:15:09Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25404023", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-12T01:15:09Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T01:15:09Z" } }, { "key": "M3FGQ277", "version": 35, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/M3FGQ277", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/M3FGQ277", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/TAPE4QZI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "M3FGQ277", "version": 35, "parentItem": "TAPE4QZI", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed Central Link", "accessDate": "2016-10-12T01:06:58Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4999857/", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-12T01:06:58Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T01:06:58Z" } }, { "key": "TAPE4QZI", "version": 35, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/TAPE4QZI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/TAPE4QZI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chen et al.", "parsedDate": "2016-08-15", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "TAPE4QZI", "version": 35, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Identification of an Essential Region for Translocation of Clostridium difficile Toxin B", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shuyi", "lastName": "Chen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Haiying", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Huawei", "lastName": "Gu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chunli", "lastName": "Sun" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shan", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hanping", "lastName": "Feng" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jufang", "lastName": "Wang" } ], "abstractNote": "Clostridium difficile toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) are the major virulence factors involved in C. difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. TcdA and TcdB both contain at least four distinct domains: the glucosyltransferase domain, cysteine protease domain, receptor binding domain, and translocation domain. Few studies have investigated the translocation domain and its mechanism of action. Recently, it was demonstrated that a segment of 97 amino acids (AA 1756–1852, designated D97) within the translocation domain of TcdB is essential for the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of TcdB. However, the mechanism by which D97 regulates the action of TcdB in host cells and the important amino acids within this region are unknown. In this study, we discovered that a smaller fragment, amino acids 1756–1780, located in the N-terminus of the D97 fragment, is essential for translocation of the effector glucosyltransferase domain into the host cytosol. A sequence of 25AA within D97 is predicted to form an alpha helical structure and is the critical part of D97. The deletion mutant TcdB∆1756–1780 showed similar glucosyltransferase and cysteine protease activity, cellular binding, and pore formation to wild type TcdB, but it failed to induce the glucosylation of Rho GTPase Rac1 of host cells. Moreover, we found that TcdB∆1756–1780 was rapidly degraded in the endosome of target cells, and therefore its intact glucosyltransferase domain was unable to translocate efficiently into host cytosol. Our finding provides an insight into the molecular mechanisms of action of TcdB in the intoxication of host cells.", "publicationTitle": "Toxins", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2016-8-15", "volume": "8", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Toxins (Basel)", "DOI": "10.3390/toxins8080241", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4999857/", "accessDate": "2016-10-12T01:06:58Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2072-6651", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed Central", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 27537911\nPMCID: PMC4999857", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-12T01:06:58Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T01:06:58Z" } }, { "key": "GKJF34PX", "version": 35, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/GKJF34PX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/GKJF34PX", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/TAPE4QZI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "GKJF34PX", "version": 35, "parentItem": "TAPE4QZI", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed Central Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2016-10-12T01:06:58Z", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4999857/pdf/toxins-08-00241.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-12T01:06:58Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T01:06:58Z" } }, { "key": "8PWCG94K", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/8PWCG94K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/8PWCG94K", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3277095, "username": "gabrielaibarra", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gabrielaibarra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rodríguez and Mirelis", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8PWCG94K", "version": 34, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Infecciones producidas por Clostridium difficile | Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dolors", "lastName": "Rodríguez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Beatriz", "lastName": "Mirelis" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-enfermedades-infecciosas-microbiologia-clinica-28-articulo-infecciones-producidas-por-clostridium-difficile-S0213005X1200451X", "accessDate": "2016-10-09T17:58:19Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-09T17:58:19Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T01:02:42Z" } }, { "key": "ZPKGFHDF", "version": 33, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/ZPKGFHDF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/ZPKGFHDF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZPKGFHDF", "version": 33, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.seimc.org/contenidos/documentoscientificos/eimc/seimc_eimc_v31n04p254a263.pdf", "accessDate": "2016-10-12T01:01:24Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-12T01:01:24Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T01:01:24Z" } }, { "key": "UM8GZR5Q", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/UM8GZR5Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/UM8GZR5Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UM8GZR5Q", "version": 32, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Trasplante de Microbiota Fecal: Indicaciones, Metodología y Perspectivas Futuras", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://sacp.org.ar/revista/21-ultima-edicion/volumen-26-numero-4/145-enrique-rodriguez-de-santiago", "accessDate": "2016-10-12T00:57:35Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-12T00:57:35Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T00:57:35Z" } }, { "key": "77VDR4ZX", "version": 31, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/77VDR4ZX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/77VDR4ZX", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/BU2DZXG7", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "77VDR4ZX", "version": 31, "parentItem": "BU2DZXG7", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2016-10-12T00:40:02Z", "url": "http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2016.00099/pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-12T00:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T00:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "HNWVP65Q", "version": 30, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/HNWVP65Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/HNWVP65Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HNWVP65Q", "version": 30, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/gaceta/gm-2002/gm021f.pdf", "accessDate": "2016-10-12T00:39:28Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-12T00:39:28Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T00:39:28Z" } }, { "key": "Z8RMR2VT", "version": 29, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/Z8RMR2VT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/Z8RMR2VT", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/X3FCIZJ3", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "Z8RMR2VT", "version": 29, "parentItem": "X3FCIZJ3", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2016-10-12T00:34:58Z", "url": "http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2016.00099/pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-12T00:34:58Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T00:34:58Z" } }, { "key": "X3FCIZJ3", "version": 29, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/X3FCIZJ3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/X3FCIZJ3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3268955, "username": "camiraheta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/camiraheta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mora-Uribe et al.", "parsedDate": "2016", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "X3FCIZJ3", "version": 29, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Characterization of the Adherence of Clostridium difficile Spores: The Integrity of the Outermost Layer Affects Adherence Properties of Spores of the Epidemic Strain R20291 to Components of the Intestinal Mucosa", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paola", "lastName": "Mora-Uribe" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Camila", "lastName": "Miranda-Cárdenas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pablo", "lastName": "Castro-Córdova" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fernando", "lastName": "Gil" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Iván", "lastName": "Calderón" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Juan A.", "lastName": "Fuentes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paula I.", "lastName": "Rodas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Saeed", "lastName": "Banawas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mahfuzur R.", "lastName": "Sarker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel", "lastName": "Paredes-Sabja" } ], "abstractNote": "Clostridium difficile is the causative agent of the most frequently reported nosocomial diarrhea worldwide. The high incidence of recurrent infection is the main clinical challenge of C. difficile infections (CDI). Formation of C. difficile spores of the epidemic strain R20291 has been shown to be essential for recurrent infection and transmission of the disease in a mouse model. However, the underlying mechanisms of how these spores persist in the colonic environment remains unclear. In this work, we characterized the adherence properties of epidemic R20291 spores to components of the intestinal mucosa, and we assessed the role of the exosporium integrity in the adherence properties by using cdeC mutant spores with a defective exosporium layer. Our results showed that spores and vegetative cells of the epidemic R20291 strain adhered at high levels to monolayers of Caco-2 cells and mucin. Transmission electron micrographs of Caco-2 cells demonstrated that the hair-like projections on the surface of R20291 spores are in close proximity with the plasma membrane and microvilli of undifferentiated and differentiated monolayers of Caco-2 cells. Competitive-binding assay in differentiated Caco-2 cells suggests that spore-adherence is mediated by specific binding sites. By using spores of a cdeC mutant we demonstrated that the integrity of the exosporium layer determines the affinity of adherence of C. difficile spores to Caco-2 cells and mucin. Binding of fibronectin and vitronectin to the spore surface was concentration-dependent, and depending on the concentration, spore-adherence to Caco-2 cells was enhanced. In the presence of an aberrantly-assembled exosporium (cdeC spores), binding of fibronectin, but not vitronectin, was increased. Notably, independent of the exosporium integrity, only a fraction of the spores had fibronectin and vitronectin molecules binding to their surface. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the integrity of the exosporium layer of strain R20291 contributes to selective spore adherence to components of the intestinal mucosa.", "publicationTitle": "Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2016", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "99", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol", "DOI": "10.3389/fcimb.2016.00099", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2016.00099/full", "accessDate": "2016-10-12T00:34:58Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Characterization of the Adherence of Clostridium difficile Spores", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Frontiers", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "BclA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "C. difficile spores", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CdeC", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "exosporium", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "spore adherence", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-12T00:34:58Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-12T00:34:58Z" } }, { "key": "MN784MHR", "version": 27, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/MN784MHR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/MN784MHR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3277095, "username": "gabrielaibarra", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gabrielaibarra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MN784MHR", "version": 27, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Antibiotic treatment for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults - Nelson - 2011 - The Cochrane Library - Wiley Online Library", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004610.pub4/full", "accessDate": "2016-10-09T17:14:33Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-09T17:14:33Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-09T17:14:33Z" } }, { "key": "JSVA4VJ7", "version": 26, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/JSVA4VJ7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/JSVA4VJ7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3277095, "username": "gabrielaibarra", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gabrielaibarra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2016-07-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "JSVA4VJ7", "version": 26, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Fecal Microbiota Therapy for Clostridium difficile Infection: A Health Technology Assessment", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Background\nFecal microbiota therapy is increasingly being used to treat patients with Clostridium difficile infection. This health technology assessment primarily evaluated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of fecal microbiota therapy compared with the usual treatment (antibiotic therapy).\n\nMethods\nWe performed a literature search using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, CRD Health Technology Assessment Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and NHS Economic Evaluation Database. For the economic review, we applied economic filters to these search results. We also searched the websites of agencies for other health technology assessments., We conducted a meta-analysis to analyze effectiveness. The quality of the body of evidence for each outcome was examined according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group criteria. Using a step-wise, structural methodology, we determined the overall quality to be high, moderate, low, or very low., We used a survey to examine physicians’ perception of patients’ lived experience, and a modified grounded theory method to analyze information from the survey.\n\nResults\nFor the review of clinical effectiveness, 16 of 1,173 citations met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of two randomized controlled trials found that fecal microbiota therapy significantly improved diarrhea associated with recurrent C. difficile infection versus treatment with vancomycin (relative risk 3.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85–5.68) (GRADE: moderate). While fecal microbiota therapy is not associated with a significant decrease in mortality compared with antibiotic therapy (relative risk 0.69, 95% CI 0.14–3.39) (GRADE: low), it is associated with a significant increase in adverse events (e.g., short-term diarrhea, relative risk 30.76, 95% CI 4.46–212.44; abdominal cramping, relative risk 14.81, 95% CI 2.07–105.97) (GRADE: low)., For the value-for-money component, two of 151 economic evaluations met the inclusion criteria. One reported that fecal microbiota therapy was dominant (more effective and less expensive) compared with vancomycin; the other reported an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $17,016 USD per quality-adjusted life-year for fecal microbiota therapy compared with vancomycin. This ratio for the second study indicated that there would be additional cost associated with each recurrent C. difficile infection resolved. In Ontario, if fecal microbiota therapy were adopted to treat recurrent C. difficile infection, considering it from the perspective of the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care as the payer, an estimated $1.5 million would be saved after the first year of adoption and $2.9 million after 3 years. The contradiction between the second economic evaluation and the savings we estimated may be a result of the lower cost of fecal microbiota therapy and hospitalization in Ontario compared with the cost of therapy used in the US model., Physicians reported that C. difficile infection significantly reduced patients’ quality of life. Physicians saw fecal microbiota therapy as improving patients’ quality of life because patients could resume daily activities. Physicians reported that their patients were happy with the procedures required to receive fecal microbiota therapy.\n\nConclusions\nIn patients with recurrent C. difficile infection, fecal microbiota therapy improves outcomes that are important to patients and provides good value for money.", "publicationTitle": "Ontario Health Technology Assessment Series", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2016-7-1", "volume": "16", "issue": "17", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-69", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Ont Health Technol Assess Ser", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4973962/", "accessDate": "2016-10-09T16:42:14Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1915-7398", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Fecal Microbiota Therapy for Clostridium difficile Infection", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed Central", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 27516814\nPMCID: PMC4973962", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-09T16:42:14Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-09T16:42:14Z" } }, { "key": "KJFFIEI7", "version": 26, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/KJFFIEI7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/KJFFIEI7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/JSVA4VJ7", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3277095, "username": "gabrielaibarra", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gabrielaibarra", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "KJFFIEI7", "version": 26, "parentItem": "JSVA4VJ7", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed Central Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2016-10-09T16:42:14Z", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4973962/pdf/ohtas-16-1.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-09T16:42:14Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-09T16:42:14Z" } }, { "key": "TENTPKBF", "version": 26, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 702022, "name": "bacterio2016", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/TENTPKBF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bacterio2016/items/TENTPKBF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/702022/items/JSVA4VJ7", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3277095, "username": "gabrielaibarra", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gabrielaibarra", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "TENTPKBF", "version": 26, "parentItem": "JSVA4VJ7", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed Central Link", "accessDate": "2016-10-09T16:42:14Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4973962/", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-09T16:42:14Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-09T16:42:14Z" } } ]