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By examining images of Afghan women on Time.com, and to some degree Afghan men, Cloud argues that these images participate in solidifying the <clash of civilizations> ideograph.  By constructing binary oppositions between the US and the Afghan Other, the evocation of a paternalistic stance toward the women of Afghanistan, and the figuration of modernity as liberation, these images justify war while contradicting the actual motives for war.  Images of the Other as the oppressed, “inferior” civilization constructs a paternalistic reasoning behind the war.  (Orange) The viewers become the “paternalistic savior” of Afghan women.  The photos serve as “visual ideographs,” or recurring iconic images whose meanings shift depending on the context, but who ultimately make abstract verbal ideographs more concrete. {Maternal activists as potentially concretizing ideographs} Among other persuasive strategies, photographs are emotional and reductive, yet their strategies are masked by the human tendency to attribute them to realness. To reduce, they might be viewed as performing metonymy, or the “individuated aggregate… a trope whereby the population as a whole is represented solely by specific individuals.  The image of a helpless female can incur the cause for war, and even organizations such as RAWA may be used by the US to propagate the cause for war.  “War may require vilifying visual frames, but occupation requires a humanitarian flexing of the nationalist frame” (293).  “Although the oppression of women under Taliban rule is well documented, these images do more than reresent that reality.  They operate within a rhetorical discourse that becomes more forceful when images of oppression are contrasted with images of women granted entry—by the arrival of US forces—into modern, Western-style, market-driven ‘civilization.’” (294)

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