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Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/UIS2SGDK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/UIS2SGDK", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/7XE87AKX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UIS2SGDK", "version": 1, "parentItem": "7XE87AKX", "itemType": "note", "note": "

From Duplicate 1 ( The use of microscopic and surface science analysis for studying biodeterioration of mortars - Bartosch, Sabine; Toporski, Jan; Steele, Andrew; Habesch, Stephen; Beech, Iwona ) From Duplicate 2 ( The use of microscopic and surface science analysis for studying biodeterioration of mortars - Bartosch, Sabine; Toporski, Jan; Steele, Andrew; Habesch, Stephen; Beech, Iwona ) From Duplicate 1 ( The use of microscopic and surface science analysis for studying biodeterioration of mortars - Bartosch, Sabine; Toporski, Jan; Steele, Andrew; Habesch, Stephen; Beech, Iwona ) From Duplicate 2 ( The use of microscopic and surface science analysis for studying biodeterioration of mortars - Bartosch, Sabine; Toporski, Jan; Steele, Andrew; Habesch, Stephen; Beech, Iwona )

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "QBFFIRN8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/QBFFIRN8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/QBFFIRN8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Robson Brown et al.", "parsedDate": "2001", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QBFFIRN8", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "An automated laser scan survey of the Upper Palaeolithic rock shelter of Cap Blanc", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. A.", "lastName": "Robson Brown" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Chalmers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Saigol" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Green" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "d'Errico" } ], "abstractNote": "The detailed survey of surfaces, such as are found in caves, buildings, or excavation sections, is an important aspect of archaeological data collection and investigation. Where subtle irregularities of the contours of the surface have a significance to the interpretation of an archaeological feature, and where contact with the surface is not recommended, standard surveying techniques may not provide the resolution or accuracy which might be hoped for. This study uses an automated laser scanner and modeling software to produce an accurate three-dimensional model of a carved rock surface from the Upper Palaeolithic site of Cap Blanc in southwest France. This noninvasive procedure provides a means of documenting and visualizing a complex carving and therefore contributes to the interpretation and archiving of the site.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Archaeological Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2001", "volume": "28", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "283-289", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1006/jasc.2000.0574", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0305-4403", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "ERMNM3NV", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/ERMNM3NV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/ERMNM3NV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zoghlami and Gómez-Gras", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ERMNM3NV", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Determination of the distribution of consolidants and interpretation of mercury porosimetry data in a sandstone porous network using LSCM.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karima", "lastName": "Zoghlami" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Gómez-Gras" } ], "abstractNote": "Knowing the 3D distribution of a consolidant within the porous network of a rock is essential for understanding the porosity quantitative data obtained by mercury porosimetry and for observing the effect of consolidants on pore interconnection. In this work, we show for the first time that the distribution of consolidant in the porous network can be determined using laser scanner confocal microscopy (LSCM). Results indicate that consolidants are concentrated in pore throats of less than 40 microm in diameter, affecting both the porous interconnection and the circulation of fluids. LSCM allowed demonstration of the fact that the increase in microporosity detected by mercury porosimetry is due to the development of fissures within the consolidants. No consolidant that produces this kind of fissure can be used in the consolidation of building stones, since it would increase microporosity and, in consequence, vulnerability to weathering agents.", "publicationTitle": "Microsc Res Tech", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "12 2004", "volume": "65", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "270-5", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/jemt.20119", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1059-910X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Confocal;Porosity;Mercury" }, { "tag": "non-u.s. gov't;Microscopy" }, { "tag": "research support" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "S8Z82W2G", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/S8Z82W2G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/S8Z82W2G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Al-kheder et al.", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "S8Z82W2G", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Developing a documentation system for desert palaces in Jordan using 3D laser scanning and digital photogrammetry", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sharaf", "lastName": "Al-kheder" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yahya", "lastName": "Al-shawabkeh" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Norbert", "lastName": "Haala" } ], "abstractNote": "Desert palaces in Jordan are unique pieces of art scattered in the desert as standing symbols of ancient civilizations. Due to their location, these palaces witness different environmental conditions which affect their status and sustainability. This raises the need to have a 3D documentation system reporting all spatial information for each palace, which can be used later for monitoring purposes. Digital photogrammetry is a generally accepted technique for the collection of 3D representations of the environment. For this reason, this image-based technique has been extensively used to produce high quality 3D models of heritage sites and historical buildings for documentation and presentation purposes. Additionally, terrestrial laser scanners are used, which directly measure 3D surface coordinates based on the run-time of reflected light pulses. These systems feature high data acquisition rates, good accuracy and high spatial data density. Despite the potential of each single approach, in our opinion, maximum benefit is to be expected by a combination of data from both digital cameras and terrestrial laser scanners. By these means the efficiency of data collection as well as the geometric accuracy and visual quality of the collected textured 3D models can be optimized. Within the paper, a 3D documentation system for Umayyad desert palaces in the Jordan desert will be presented using digital photogrammetry and laser scanning. The approach is demonstrated by generating high realistic 3D textured models for Amra and Kharanah palaces.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Archaeological Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "In Press, Corrected Proof", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2008.10.009", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0305-4403", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "digital" }, { "tag": "modeling;Laser" }, { "tag": "palaces" }, { "tag": "photogrammetry;3D" }, { "tag": "scanner;Multi-image" }, { "tag": "texturing;GIS;Desert" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "KMDD7V8U", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/KMDD7V8U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/KMDD7V8U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schaich", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "KMDD7V8U", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "From 3D Scanning to Analytical Heritage Documentation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Schaich" } ], "abstractNote": "During the last few years, the number of historical and archaeological items recorded using innovative, three dimensional surveying technologies has increased considerably. Comprehensive digital, photo-realistic 3D recording and modelling yields a huge range of new possibilities for documenting, analysing and safeguarding items of cultural importance. ArcTron GmbH has specialised in electronic surveying and the development of CAD and database information systems for heritage and archaeology for over 12 years employing total stations, laser pantographs and photogrammetry, as well as a variety of laser scanning systems, to generate 3D recordings. Innovative complementary combinations of these technologies allow their respective strengths to be fully exploited. The data resulting from recording techniques of these kinds can be used as a basis for producing documentation of outstanding quality. 3D digital models with photo-realistic texturing, orthophotos, coloured point clouds, 3D damage mapping, rapid prototyping models and multi-media presentations are just some of the potential resulting forms of documentation. Historical monuments and items ranging from huge sections of terrain down to the smallest artefact can be reproduced with such accuracy and to such a high level of realism that documentation of this kind is not only extremely useful for archaeologists, conservators and architectural historians etc. but practically indispensable.", "bookTitle": "Springer Proceedings in Physics", "series": "Springer Proceedings in Physics", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "116", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2007", "publisher": "Springer Berlin Heidelberg", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "463-471", "ISBN": "978-3-540-72129-1 (Print) 978-3-540-72130-7 (Online)", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "2007", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "42HUU5X5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/42HUU5X5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/42HUU5X5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schaich", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "42HUU5X5", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "From 3D Scanning to Analytical Heritage Documentation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Schaich" } ], "abstractNote": "During the last few years, the number of historical and archaeological items recorded using innovative, three dimensional surveying technologies has increased considerably. Comprehensive digital, photo-realistic 3D recording and modelling yields a huge range of new possibilities for documenting, analysing and safeguarding items of cultural importance. ArcTron GmbH has specialised in electronic surveying and the development of CAD and database information systems for heritage and archaeology for over 12 years employing total stations, laser pantographs and photogrammetry, as well as a variety of laser scanning systems, to generate 3D recordings. Innovative complementary combinations of these technologies allow their respective strengths to be fully exploited. The data resulting from recording techniques of these kinds can be used as a basis for producing documentation of outstanding quality. 3D digital models with photo-realistic texturing, orthophotos, coloured point clouds, 3D damage mapping, rapid prototyping models and multi-media presentations are just some of the potential resulting forms of documentation. Historical monuments and items ranging from huge sections of terrain down to the smallest artefact can be reproduced with such accuracy and to such a high level of realism that documentation of this kind is not only extremely useful for archaeologists, conservators and architectural historians etc. but practically indispensable.", "publicationTitle": "Springer Proceedings in Physics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "116", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "463-471", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "PKGUZMJW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/PKGUZMJW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/PKGUZMJW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bourke et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "PKGUZMJW", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Innovative applications of laser scanning and rapid prototype printing to rock breakdown experiments", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Bourke" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Viles" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Nicoli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Lyew-Ayee" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Ghent" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Holmlund" } ], "abstractNote": "We present the novel application of two technologies for use in rock breakdown experiments, i.e. close-range, ground-based 3D triangulation scanning and rapid prototype printing. These techniques aid analyses of form-process interactions across the range of scales relevant to breakdown (µm-m). This is achieved through (a) the creation of DEMs (which permit quantitative description and aanalysis of rock surface morphology and morphological change) and (b) the production of more realistically-shaped experimental blocks. We illustrate the use of these techniques, alongside appropriate data analysis routines, in experiments designed to investigate the persistence of fluvially-derived features in the face of subsequent wind abrasion and weathering. These techniques have a range of potential applications in experimental field and lab-based geomorphic studies beyond those specifically outlined here. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "publicationTitle": "Earth Surface Processes and Landforms", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "33", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1614-1621", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/esp.1631", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1096-9837", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "86WKPTI6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/86WKPTI6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/86WKPTI6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Larson", "parsedDate": "1992", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "86WKPTI6", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "New approaches to the conservation of external stone sculpture: the twelfth century frieze at Lincoln Cathedral", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John H.", "lastName": "Larson" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "J. Delgado", "lastName": "Rodrigues" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Fernando", "lastName": "Henriques" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "F. Telmo", "lastName": "Jeremias" } ], "abstractNote": "During the past three decades in England the conservation of external limestone sculpture has tended to polarise into two distinct approaches, one dependent upon the use of limebased treatments, the other, on synthetic resin consolidants. Although the author has long been associated with the use of synthetic resins, in his experience, they provide only a shortterm solution to the problems of stone decay and in this paper it is argued that they should only be used as a last resort. In agreement with the Dean and Chapter of Uncoln the author has devised an approach to the treatment of this very important frieze which combines traditional repair techniques with the use of new technologies. A detailed programme of recording based on 'close-range' photogrammetry, contour mapping and digitisation has provided the conservators with a precise record of their work at all stages. Experiences with the removal of pollution layers using lasers have also been monitored by 3-D scanners. By feeding the 3-D information gathered by laser scanners into a computerised cutting machine it has been possible to produce accurate stone replicas of parts of the original sculpture. This facility means that no part of the delicate original need be touched during any reproduction process. The conservator can then remove damaged sculptures to the protection of a museum and temporarily replaces them with accurate copies until pollution levels are reduced, or, a more permanent treatment is discovered.", "bookTitle": "7th International congress on deterioration and conservation of stone, Lisbon 15-18 June 1992", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "6 1992", "publisher": "Laboratorio nacional de Engenharia Civil", "place": "Portugal", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "1167-1175", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "2F7H84QE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/2F7H84QE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/2F7H84QE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Boehler et al.", "parsedDate": "2002", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2F7H84QE", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "The potential of non-contact close range laser scanners for cultural heritage recording", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wolfgang", "lastName": "Boehler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Guido", "lastName": "Heinz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andreas", "lastName": "Marbs" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Jˆrg", "lastName": "Albertz" } ], "abstractNote": "Use of laser scanning methods for the close-range measurement of fixed objects has recently become popular in the design and manufacture of automobiles and in body scanning. Laser scanning instruments, mainly developed for industrial applications, are also suitable for cultural heritage recording. The two basic types currently available are ranging lasers and triangulation-based devices. With the latter, a light projection is imaged by a CCD camera at a fixed distance. A triangulation type of scanner (Mensi SOISIC LD with 3Dipsos software) is described, the results of scanning trials are reported, and various complexities are noted. Objects recorded include a statue, a sculptural arrangement, an excavated Roman boat, and architectural facades. The authors conclude that laser scanning is a valuable new method for cultural heritage recording, one which will complement and, in certain applications, replace currently existing methods. A.A.", "bookTitle": "Surveying and documentation of historic buildings, monuments, sites: traditional and modern methods: Potsdam (Germany), September 18-21, 2001: proceedings of the XVIII. International Symposium, CIPA 2001", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2002", "publisher": "CIPA 2001 Organising Committee", "place": "Berlin", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "430-436", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "(function);three-dimensional;recording;computer" }, { "tag": "Laser" }, { "tag": "modeling" }, { "tag": "scanners;documentation" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "T67Q39RI", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/T67Q39RI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/T67Q39RI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lingua and Rinaudo", "parsedDate": "2002", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T67Q39RI", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "The statue of Ramsete II: integration of digital photogrammetry and laser scanning technique for 3D modelling", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrea", "lastName": "Lingua" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fulvio", "lastName": "Rinaudo" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Jˆrg", "lastName": "Albertz" } ], "abstractNote": "The investigation of archaeological and architectural objects can obtain great advantages from the reconstruction of 3-D models for more effective object analysis and 3-D navigation. For this purpose, it is necessary to derive a dense digital terrain model (DTM) that is useful for 3-D modeling. DTM surveying is traditionally performed by profiling total stations or derived from photogrammetric stereoplotting. In recent years, laser scanner technology has also been developed for nonindustrial application, and new instruments have been produced that satisfy the requirements of cultural heritage recording. Thousands of points can be surveyed in a few seconds, with accuracies adequate for particular applications, to build a dense DTM that is directly compatible with a great number of representation techniques and that can be integrated with more traditional survey methods. A practical example, based on the integration of digital photogrammetry and laser scanning techniques, is shown in this report: a complete test has been carried out on the statue of Ramses II in the Egyptian Museum of Turin (Italy). A.A.", "bookTitle": "Surveying and documentation of historic buildings, monuments, sites: traditional and modern methods: Potsdam (Germany), September 18-21, 2001: proceedings of the XVIII. International Symposium, CIPA 2001", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2002", "publisher": "CIPA 2001 Organising Committee", "place": "Berlin", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "206-211", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "(function);three-dimensional;computer" }, { "tag": "digital" }, { "tag": "modeling" }, { "tag": "photogrammetry;sculpture;laser" }, { "tag": "scanners;documentation" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "7XE87AKX", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/7XE87AKX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/7XE87AKX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bartosch et al.", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "7XE87AKX", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The use of microscopic and surface science analysis for studying biodeterioration of mortars", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sabine", "lastName": "Bartosch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jan", "lastName": "Toporski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew", "lastName": "Steele" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen", "lastName": "Habesch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Iwona", "lastName": "Beech" } ], "abstractNote": "An innovative treatment combining silicone and biocide formulations was developed to confer water repellence and to control growth of microbial biofilms on mortars within the framework of the EU project contract ENV4-CT98-0707 [1]. The environmentally friendly water compatible formulations were designed to avoid the problem of using aromatic or chlorinated solvents. This communication discusses the application of surface analysis techniques to assess their ability in exploring the physico-chemical structure of treated and untreated mortars in order to test the efficacy of mortar treatment and to elucidate biofilm-influenced deterioration of mortars. The advantages and limitations of applying microscopic and surface science techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and time of flight - secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) are discussed. SEM study of silicone treated and untreated mortar samples allowed to distinguish the morphology of mortar compounds such as quartz and lime, which could be detected using EDX mapping as Si and Ca, respectively. SEM imaging and EDX mapping of treated samples was possible when thick silicone layers were formed on the mortar surface. In the presence of such layers EDX mapping detected Si signals. However, SEM/EDX proved unsuitable for the observation of thin silicone layers and/or penetration of silicone treatment into the bulk of the mortar. It was not possible to use EDX mapping to trace levels of Si sufficient to explore the distribution of the silicone layer, although EDX spectra revealed Si signals on treated mortar and absence of such signals on untreated mortar samples. Unlike SEM/EDX, CLSM proved suitable for imaging of thin silicone layers, and for demonstrating the penetration of silicone into the bulk of mortar. The silicone-based water repellents could be stained with acridine orange, a fluorescing DNA binding dye that is usually applied to stain microorganisms. Following acridine orange application the untreated mortar samples showed slight red fluorescence whereas silicone treated mortars revealed bright green fluorescence. This demonstrated that, apart from being used for imaging of biofilm on untreated building material [2, 3], CLSM is also suitable for the detection of silicone layers on as-received mortars. However, CLSM monitoring of biofilms on silicone treated mortars might be hindered, since green fluorescence of microorganisms stained with acridine orange will not be easily distinguished from the fluorescence of the silicone treated mortar. ToF-SIMS analysis of biofilm-free mortar samples was carried out to monitor silicone treatment of mortars by performing chemical structure analysis. In contrast to using SEM/EDX mapping, ToF-SIMS ion mapping proved successful in demonstrating the distribution of thin silicone layers on the surface, as well as within the bulk of the mortar. The silicon-containing organic ions (consisting of peaks at 73, 147, 207 or 221 AMU) were used as markers. The distribution of these ions was fairly uniform on silicone-treated mortars. As microorganisms exhibit characteristic spectra originating from proteins and fatty acids [Beech, unpublished] it is proposed that ToF-SIMS could be used to monitor biofilm distribution within mortar samples. Hence, this technique can serve as an appropriate tool in following biodeterioration processes by monitoring changes in the distribution of specific ion markers. Such studies are constrained when using solely SEM/EDX or CLSM. ESEM/EDX was employed for in situ visualisation of biofilms on untreated and treated mortar. Unlike SEM, ESEM can be applied to fully hydrated specimens as it does not require high vacuum or sample pre-treatment to render it conductive [4]. Freshly prepared mortar samples were inoculated with algae, fungi and bacteria to investigate biofilm development after 5 month of exposure. Imaging revealed the presence of mixed culture biofilms. Although fungi and algae were apparent, bacteria were scarcely seen. The biofilm distribution on mortar surfaces could be traced with EDX mapping based on C signals from the organic compounds, which did not corresponded to the Ca signal from the lime component of the mortar. Untreated mortars and mortars treated with silicone revealed similar type of biofilm covering the surface as a continuous layer. Biofilms formed on biocide treated mortars had patchy distribution compared with untreated and silicone treated mortar samples. This study demonstrated that the combined application of various microscopic and surface science techniques is essential to gain better understanding of receptivity of building materials such as mortars to biodeterioration processes. References 1. http://www.sci.port.ac.uk/ec/ 2. Bartosch S., Quader H., Bock E. (1996). Confocal laser scanning microscopy: a new method for detecting microorganisms in natural stone. DECHEMA Monographs 133, 37-43 3. Bartosch S., Mansch R., Pinck C., Bock E. (2000). Visualisation and quantification of microorganisms on mortar and natural stone by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin, 5 th -8 th of April, 2000, Seville, Spain, submitted 4. Beech I., Cheung C. W. S., Johnson D. B. (1996). Comparative studies of bacterial biofilms on steel surfaces using atomic force microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy. Biofouling 10, 65-77 Acknowledgements ToF-SIMS analysis were carried out in the Imaging and Chemical Analysis Laboratory leaded by Prof. Recep Avci at Montana State University in Bozeman USA. Dott.ssa Filomena De Leo of the University of Messina, Italy, kindly provided biofilm-treated mortar samples for ESEM study. This research was funded by the EU-project contract ENV4-CT98-0707.", "publicationTitle": "International Biodeterioration", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2000", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "??", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "R78QM8GI", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/R78QM8GI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/R78QM8GI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fredin", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "R78QM8GI", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Three-dimensional laser scanning and its application for imaging architectural structures and the restoration of monuments", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. Ya", "lastName": "Fredin" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "J Opt Technol", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "8 2007", "volume": "74", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "545-549", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "WUIT7GHV", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/WUIT7GHV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/WUIT7GHV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Birginie and Rivas", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WUIT7GHV", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Use of a laser camera scanner to highlight the surface degradation of stone samples subjected to artificial weathering", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. M.", "lastName": "Birginie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Rivas" } ], "abstractNote": "A vision technique system was implemented in order to highlight the deterioration developing on the surfaces of stone samples during an artificial aging test with marine spray. The system, which employs a matrix CCD camera and a laser beam, provides various kinds of information about the decay suffered by the stone samples by comparing two types of visual information at different times throughout the aging test: the partial digital images of the sample surfaces and then the surface relief and laser light reflection obtained by casting a sheet of laser light onto the material. The accuracy of the laser camera scanner is evaluated in the first part of this article. The methodology was successfully used to identify the degradation morphologies occurring on five types of limestone exposed to salt spray and to quantify the deterioration using statistical parameters computed from digitized visual data. A.A. T.Sh.", "publicationTitle": "Building and Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "40", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1011-1020", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0360-1323", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Surface" }, { "tag": "environments;accelerated" }, { "tag": "properties;limestone;laser" }, { "tag": "scanners;salt" }, { "tag": "weathering" }, { "tag": "weathering;stone;marine" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "ZE5UZ49S", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/ZE5UZ49S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/ZE5UZ49S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Moropoulou et al.", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZE5UZ49S", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Artificial weathering and non-destructive tests for the performance evaluation of consolidation materials applied on porous stones", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Moropoulou" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Haralampopoulos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Tsiourva" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Auger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. M.", "lastName": "Birginie" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Materials and Structures", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003", "volume": "36", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "210-217", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1359-5997", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "J7QPEI9B", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/J7QPEI9B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/J7QPEI9B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bartosch et al.", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "J7QPEI9B", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "CTC staining and counting of actively respiring bacteria in natural stone using confocal laser scanning microscopy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Bartosch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Mansch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "Knotzsch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Bock" } ], "abstractNote": "A method was established for staining and counting of actively respiring bacteria in natural stone by using the tetrazolium salt 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium chloride (CTC) in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Applying 5 mM CTC for 2 h to pure cultures of representative stone-inhabiting microorganisms showed that chemoorganotrophic bacteria and fungi-in contrast to lithoautotrophic nitrifying bacteria-were able to reduce CTC to CTF, the red fluorescing formazan crystals of CTC. Optimal staining conditions for microorganisms in stone material were found to be 15 mM CTC applied for 24 h. The cells could be visualized on transparent and nontransparent mineral materials by means of CLSM. A semi-automated method was used to count the cells within the pore system of the stone. The percentage of CTC-stained bacteria was dependent on temp. and humidity of the material. At 28 Deg and high humidity (max. water holding capacity) in the lab., about 58% of the total bacterial microflora was active. On natural stone exposed for 9 yr at an urban exposure site in Germany, 52-56% of the bacterial microflora was active at the east, west, and north side of the specimen, while only 18% cells were active at the south side. This is consistent with microclimatic differences on the south side which was more exposed to sunshine thus causing UV and water stress as well as higher temps. on a microscale level. In combination with CLSM, staining by CTC can be used as a fast method for monitoring the metabolic activity of chemoorganotrophic bacteria in monuments, buildings of historic interest or any art objects of natural stone. Due to the small size of samples required, the damage to these objects and buildings can be minimized. [on SciFinder (R)]", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Microbiological Methods", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1 2003", "volume": "52", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "75-84", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0167-7012", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bacteria" }, { "tag": "Confocal" }, { "tag": "Laser" }, { "tag": "Microscopy" }, { "tag": "Scanning" }, { "tag": "Stone" }, { "tag": "chemoorganotrophic" }, { "tag": "ctc" }, { "tag": "staining" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "QH7VC9T6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/QH7VC9T6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/QH7VC9T6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ascaso et al.", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "QH7VC9T6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "In situ cellular and enzymatic investigations of saxicolous lichens using correlative microscopical and microanalytical techniques", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Ascaso" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Wierzchos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "De Los Rios" } ], "abstractNote": "Direct in situ microscopy visualization is strongly recommended in studies of saxicolous lichen ecology and endolithic microorganisms. With this in mind, lithobiontic microorganisms were detected, localized and determined at the cytological level. A range of microscopy techniques and a number of procedures for preparing lichen colonized rock samples were applied. Scanning Electron Microscopy operating in Back Scattered Electron mode (SEM-BSE), Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and occasionally Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to study the same sample zones. This observation strategy, called 'Correlative Microscopy', allowed us to obtain important information on the physico-chemical state of the mineral substrate, deposition processes of calcium oxalate and the in situ ultrastructural determination of lithobiontic microorganisms. Moreover, the observation of the three dimensional organization of living endolithic cells was also possible. On occasions, when cytological discernment was not sufficient, the SEM-BSE signal was used to detect immunolabeled gold particles which had previously been linked to proteins in order to indicate the occurrence of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) within endolithic cells of Trebouxia. The results of the biodeterioration study of calcareous stone from Jaca Cathedral showed that mycobiont cells in conjunction with a bundle of fungal cells were involved in the decaying of calcium carbonate grains.", "publicationTitle": "Symbiosis", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1998", "volume": "24", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "221-234", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Dispersive" }, { "tag": "Electron" }, { "tag": "Laser" }, { "tag": "Microscopy;Diploicia" }, { "tag": "Microscopy;Scanning" }, { "tag": "Scanning" }, { "tag": "Spectroscopy;Lecania" }, { "tag": "auriculata" }, { "tag": "calcareous" }, { "tag": "canescens;Granitic" }, { "tag": "intermutans;Lecidea" }, { "tag": "microorganisms;Energy" }, { "tag": "rabenhorstii;Aspicilia" }, { "tag": "rock;Confocal" }, { "tag": "rock;Lithobiontic" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "TB8XE9F7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/TB8XE9F7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/TB8XE9F7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zoghlami et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TB8XE9F7", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Laser scanning confocal microscopy characterization of water repellent distribution in a sandstone pore network.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karima", "lastName": "Zoghlami" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Gómez-Gras" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mercè", "lastName": "Corbella" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fadila", "lastName": "Darragi" } ], "abstractNote": "In the present work, we propose the use of the Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) to determine the effect of water repellents on rock's pore-network configuration and interconnection. The rocks studied are sandstones of Miocene age, a building material that is commonly found in the architectural heritage of Tunisia. The porosity quantitative data of treated and untreated samples, obtained by mercury porosimetry tests, were compared. The results show a slight decrease in total porosity with the water repellent treatment, which reduced both microporosity and macroporosity. This reduction produced a modification in pore size distribution and a shift of the pore access size mode interval toward smaller pore diameters (from the 30-40 microm to the 20-30 microm intervals). The water repellent was observed in SEM images as a continuous film coating grain surfaces; moreover, it was easily visualized in LSCM, by staining the water repellent with Epodye fluorochrome, and the coating thickness was straightforwardly measured (1.5-2 microm). In fact, the combination of mercury intrusion porosimetry data and LSCM observations suggests that the porosity reduction and the shift of the pore diameter mode were mainly due to the general reduction of pore diameters, but also to the plugging of the smallest pores (less than 3-4 microm in diameter) by the water repellent film. Finally, the LSCM technique enabled the reconstruction of 3D views of the water repellent coating film in the pore network, indicating that its distribution was uniform and continuous over the 100 microm thick sample. The LSCM imaging facilitates the integration and interpretation of mercury porosimetry and SEM data.", "publicationTitle": "Microscopy Research and Technique", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "11 2008", "volume": "71", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "816-21", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/jemt.20624", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1097-0029", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } }, { "key": "6MR7MJC9", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69628, "name": "Stone Weathering-Measuring Change", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69628/items/6MR7MJC9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-measuring_change/items/6MR7MJC9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Williams et al.", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6MR7MJC9", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Measuring rates of surface downwearing and mapping microtopography: The use of micro-erosion meters and laser scanners in rock weathering studies", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. B. G.", "lastName": "Williams" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. O. H.", "lastName": "Swantesson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. A.", "lastName": "Robinson" } ], "abstractNote": "Geomorphologists have long been concerned to measure the rate of lowering of bare rock surfaces that are under attack by weathering or erosive processes. The invention of the micro-erosion meter in the 1960s and the laser scanner in the 1980s has provided researchers with two very useful devices for directly measuring surface lowering in a variety of environments. This paper compares the advantages and limitations of the two devices, and also makes brief reference to other devices that measure surface roughness or profiles. Photogrammetric techniques are not discussed as they are dealt with elsewhere in this volume (Inkpen et al. 2000).", "publicationTitle": "Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2000", "volume": "", "issue": "120", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "51-66", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "71.2.1;Environmental" }, { "tag": "77.1.2;denudation;measurement" }, { "tag": "and" }, { "tag": "effects" }, { "tag": "erosion;weathering;Weathering" }, { "tag": "landforms" }, { "tag": "method;bedrock;weathering" }, { "tag": "rate" }, { "tag": "related" }, { "tag": "–" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T10:27:58Z" } } ]