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R.", "lastName": "WAAS" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "INNES" } ], "abstractNote": "Urban ecosystems include many habitat types supporting native flora and fauna. These habitats may also sustain populations of introduced mammalian pests, although relatively little is known about the composition or distributions of these species in urban environments. We made a preliminary survey of the distribution and relative abundance of pest mammals across three urban habitat types (gully, amenity park, residential) in Hamilton, New Zealand. Tracking tunnel and WaxTag® surveys showed that: (1) rats (Rattus rattus or R. norvegicus), mice (Mus musculus) and brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were detected most often and in highest abundances in gullies, were relatively rare in amenity parks, and were not detected in residential areas; (2) hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) were regularly detected in all habitats; and (3) mustelids were not detected in any habitat. Live trapping in areas where rats were detected captured 21 rats, of which 19 were R. rattus. Scat and animal sign surveys found evidence of lagomorphs in amenity parks and gullies but not in residential areas. Cats (Felis catus) were detected in all habitats. These data suggest that important mammalian pests other than cats are either absent (mustelids) or comparatively rare (rats) in urban Hamilton and largely confined to gully habitats. Further research is needed to determine whether detection probabilities of target species vary significantly between the species and habitats we sampled, and to quantify the impact that mammalian pests might have in limiting populations of other animals, especially avifauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]\nCopyright of New Zealand Journal of Zoology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. 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Accession Number: 37206708; MORGAN, D. K. J. 1 WAAS, J. R. 1 INNES, J. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biological Sciences University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand  2: Landcare Research, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand  3: Ecology, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 36 Issue 1, p23; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEM management; Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Subject Term: BOTANY; Subject Term: ANIMALS; Subject Term: ANIMAL populations; Subject Term: SPECIES; Subject Term: MAMMALS; Subject Term: NEW Zealand; Author-Supplied Keyword: mammalian pests; Author-Supplied Keyword: relative abundance; Author-Supplied Keyword: survey; Author-Supplied Keyword: urban ecology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 1 Graph, 1 Map; Document Type: Article

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Accession Number: 19124668; Krajick, Kevin; Source Info: 12/2/2005, Vol. 310 Issue 5753, p1410; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: NATURE conservation; Subject Term: HUNTING; Subject Term: LIVESTOCK; Subject Term: ENDEMIC animals; Subject Term: SANTA Cruz Island (Calif.); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 114210 Hunting and Trapping; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424520 Livestock Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3609

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-03-12T06:09:44Z", "dateModified": "2012-03-12T06:09:44Z" } }, { "key": "SUZFZBTN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69617, "name": "newzealandhos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/newzealandhos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69617/items/SUZFZBTN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/newzealandhos/items/SUZFZBTN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 748722, "username": "estanbro", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/estanbro", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Krajick", "parsedDate": "2005-12-02", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "SUZFZBTN", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Winning the War Against Island Invaders.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kevin", "lastName": "Krajick" } ], "abstractNote": "This article focuses on the conservation of an island's ecosystem with reference to Santa Cruz Island, California. Scientists have focused their attention on islands because they are among the richest and most vulnerable of the world's ecosystems. Introduced species are endangering many of the natives, because many island creatures are endemic. They have not evolved defenses against the mainland predators and grazers that humans bring. Attempts at control came as early as 1904 after livestock escaped and started denuding the land. Hunters shot tens of thousands of sheep and pigs. But they never got them all. As soil eroded and nearly a dozen plants approached extinction in the 1980s and 1990s, the Nature Conservancy and the National Park Service took over Santa Cruz and other islands and got serious. Research on invasives was just taking off, but most scientists were at first focused on documenting invaders' effects, not designing ways to kill them off. New Zealand's Department of Conservation proved the worth of counterattack. Officials enlisted the country's deep-rooted hunting culture to attack large mammals, which are fewest, most visible, and usually the most destructive introduced creatures.", "publicationTitle": "Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 02, 2005", "volume": "310", "issue": "5753", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1410-1413", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "Article", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://watzekpx.lclark.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=19124668&site=ehost-live&scope=site", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00368075", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "BIOTIC communities" }, { "tag": "CALIFORNIA" }, { "tag": "ENDEMIC animals" }, { "tag": "HUNTING" }, { "tag": "LIVESTOCK" }, { "tag": "NATURE conservation" }, { "tag": "SANTA Cruz Island (Calif.)" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-03-12T06:09:44Z", "dateModified": "2012-03-12T06:09:44Z" } }, { "key": "N2FR47ZP", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69617, "name": "newzealandhos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/newzealandhos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69617/items/N2FR47ZP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/newzealandhos/items/N2FR47ZP", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69617/items/JWVQHU6E", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 748722, "username": "estanbro", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/estanbro", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "N2FR47ZP", "version": 1, "parentItem": "JWVQHU6E", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=25245178&site=ehost-live&scope=site", "accessDate": "2012-03-12T06:08:37Z", "url": "http://watzekpx.lclark.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=25245178&site=ehost-live&scope=site", "note": "", "contentType": "", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-03-12T06:08:37Z", "dateModified": "2012-03-12T06:08:37Z" } }, { "key": "JWVQHU6E", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69617, "name": "newzealandhos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/newzealandhos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69617/items/JWVQHU6E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/newzealandhos/items/JWVQHU6E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 748722, "username": "estanbro", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/estanbro", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Michalski et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-03", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "JWVQHU6E", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Efficiency of box-traps and leg-hold traps with several bait types for capturing small carnivores (Mammalia) in a disturbed area of Southeastern Brazil.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fernanda", "lastName": "Michalski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter G.", "lastName": "Crawshaw Jr." }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tadeu G.", "lastName": "de Oliveira" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marta E.", "lastName": "Fabián" } ], "abstractNote": "Capturing small carnivores is often necessary for obtaining key ecological data. We compared the efficiency of box and leg-hold traps, using live and dead bait, to capture six carnivore species (Herpailurus yagouaroundi (É. Geoffroyi, 1803), Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775), Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766), Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766), Eira barbara (Linnaeus, 1758), and Galictis cuja (Molina, 1782)). The use of leg-hold traps significantly increased the capture rate of carnivores (5.77%) and non-target species (non-carnivores, 11.54%). Dead bait significantly attracted more non-carnivores than carnivores and live bait was more efficient for capturing carnivores (2.56%) than non-carnivores (0.77%). Both box and leg-hold traps caused some minor injuries (swelling and claw loss). We provide recommendations for the ethical use of these trap and bait types. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]\nLa captura de pequeños carnívoros es una práctica común para obtener datos ecológicos. Comparamos la eficiencia de cepos (trampas acolchadas) y trampas tomahawk para capturar seis especies carnívoras (Herpailurus yagouaroundi (É. Geoffroyi, 1803), Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775), Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766), Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766), Eira barbara (Linnaeus, 1758), and Galictis cuja (Molina, 1782)), utilizando carnadas vivas y muertas. Con los cepos se incrementó significativamente la tasa de captura de carnívoros (5.77%) y otros mamíferos (no-carnívoros, 11.54%). La carnada muerta atrajo significativamente mas no-carnívoros que carnívoros, mientras que con la carnada viva se capturaron más carnívoros (2.56% vs 0.77% no-carnívoros). Ambos tipos de trampas; cepos y tomahawk, causaron algunas pequeñas lastimaduras (inflamación y pérdida de garras). Hacemos algunas recomendaciones para el uso ético de este tipo de trampas y cebos. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]\nCopyright of Revista de Biología Tropical is the property of Universidad de Costa Rica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "Revista de Biología Tropical", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 2007", "volume": "55", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "315-320", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "Article", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://watzekpx.lclark.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=25245178&site=ehost-live&scope=site", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00347744", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "ANIMAL traps" }, { "tag": "Atlantic forest" }, { "tag": "BRAZIL" }, { "tag": "Bosque atlántico" }, { "tag": "CARNIVORA" }, { "tag": "LEGHOLD traps" }, { "tag": "MAMMALS" }, { "tag": "MATA Atlantica (Brazil)" }, { "tag": "TRAPPING -- Equipment & supplies" }, { "tag": "box-trap" }, { "tag": "capture success" }, { "tag": "cepos" }, { "tag": "ethics" }, { "tag": "leg-hold trap" }, { "tag": "mamíferos" }, { "tag": "no-carnívoros" }, { "tag": "non-carnivores" }, { "tag": "pequeños carnívoros" }, { "tag": "small carnivores" }, { "tag": "trampas tomahawk" }, { "tag": "éxito de captura" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-03-12T06:08:37Z", "dateModified": "2012-03-12T06:08:37Z" } }, { "key": "2Z7XCNTD", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69617, "name": "newzealandhos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/newzealandhos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69617/items/2Z7XCNTD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/newzealandhos/items/2Z7XCNTD", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69617/items/JWVQHU6E", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 748722, "username": "estanbro", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/estanbro", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2Z7XCNTD", "version": 1, "parentItem": "JWVQHU6E", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Accession Number: 25245178; Michalski, Fernanda 1; Email Address: fmichalski@procarnivoros.org.br Crawshaw Jr., Peter G. 2; Email Address: pcrawshaw@uol.com.br de Oliveira, Tadeu G. 3; Email Address: tadeu4@yahoo.com Fabián, Marta E. 4; Email Address: mfabian@vortex.ufrgs.br; Affiliation:  1: Instituto Pró-Carnívoros & University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK  2: Centro Nacional de Pesquisa para a Conservação de Predadores Naturais (CENAP/IBAMA), C.P. 79, 95400-000, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brasil  3: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, C.P. 09, São Luis, MA, 65055-098, Brasil  4: Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Campus do Vale, Prédio 43435, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil; Source Info: mar2007, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p315; Subject Term: ANIMAL traps; Subject Term: LEGHOLD traps; Subject Term: CARNIVORA; Subject Term: TRAPPING -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: MATA Atlantica (Brazil); Subject Term: BRAZIL; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atlantic forest; Author-Supplied Keyword: box-trap; Author-Supplied Keyword: capture success; Author-Supplied Keyword: ethics; Author-Supplied Keyword: leg-hold trap; Author-Supplied Keyword: mammals; Author-Supplied Keyword: non-carnivores; Author-Supplied Keyword: small carnivores; Author-Supplied Keyword: éxito de captura; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bosque atlántico; Author-Supplied Keyword: cepos; Author-Supplied Keyword: mamíferos; Author-Supplied Keyword: no-carnívoros; Author-Supplied Keyword: pequeños carnívoros; Author-Supplied Keyword: trampas tomahawk; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: Spanish; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article

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Accession Number: 58715847; SIKES, ROBERT S. 1; Email Address: rssikes@ualr.edu GANNON, WILLIAM L. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Basic Animal Services Unit and Department of Biology, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA  2: Department of Biology and Office of Animal Care, Research Ethics and Compliance Services, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 92 Issue 1, p235; Subject Term: MAMMALS; Subject Term: MAMMALOGISTS; Subject Term: ANIMAL housing; Subject Term: ANIMAL welfare; Subject Term: TRAPPING; Author-Supplied Keyword: animal capture; Author-Supplied Keyword: animal care; Author-Supplied Keyword: animal housing; Author-Supplied Keyword: animal marking; Author-Supplied Keyword: animal use ethics; Author-Supplied Keyword: federal regulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee; Author-Supplied Keyword: trapping; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812910 Pet Care (except Veterinary) Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 114210 Hunting and Trapping; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article

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These revised guidelines cover current professional techniques and regulations involving mammals used in research and teaching. They incorporate additional resources, summaries of procedures, and reporting requirements not contained in earlier publications. Included are details on marking, housing, trapping, and collecting mammals. It is recommended that institutional animal care and use committees (IACUCs), regulatory agencies, and investigators use these guidelines as a resource for protocols involving wild mammals. These guidelines were prepared and approved by the ASM, working with experienced professional veterinarians and IACUCs, whose collective expertise provides a broad and comprehensive understanding of the biology of nondomesticated mammals in their natural environments. The most current version of these guidelines and any subsequent modifications are available at the ASM Animal Care and Use Committee page of the ASM Web site (http://mammalsociety.org/committees/index.asp). (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]\nLas pautas generales para el uso de especies de mamíferos silvestres son actualizadas a partir de la previa versión de la Sociedad Americana de Mastozoología (ASM) (Gannon et al. 2007). Esta versión actualizada las técnicas profesionales mas actuales y reglamentaciones relacionadas al uso de ammiferos en investigación y enseñanza. Se incluyen recursos adicionales, resúmenes de procedimientos y requisitos de informes que no eran parte de versiones previas. Asimismo, incluimos detalles sobre el marcado, alberges, captura y colecta de mamíferos. Se recomienda que todo comité institucional para el cuidado y uso de animales, agencias regulatorias e investigadores usen estas guias al desarrollar protocolos de trabajo con animales salvajes. Estas guias fueron preparadas y aprobadas por la ASM cuya experiencia colectiva provee un entendimiento amplio y comprensivo de la biología de los mamíferos no domesticados en su ambiente natural. la versión mas recioente de estas pautas y todas las modificaciones subsequentes están disponibles en la pagina de la web del comité para el cuidado y uso de animales - ASM Animal Care and Use Committee page of the ASM website (http:// mammalsociety.org/committees/index.asp). (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]\nCopyright of Journal of Mammalogy is the property of Allen Press Publishing Services Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. 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Accession Number: 33716898; Clarke, Amber 1,2; Email Address: amber.clarke@sci.monash.edu.au Mac Nally, Ralph 1 Bond, Nick 1,2 Lake, P. S. 1; Affiliation:  1: Australian Centre for Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia  2: eWater Cooperative Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 53 Issue 9, p1707; Subject Term: INVERTEBRATES -- Ecology; Subject Term: RIVERS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BIODIVERSITY -- Research; Subject Term: ANIMALS -- Classification; Subject Term: LINEAR models (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: β-diversity; Author-Supplied Keyword: headwater streams; Author-Supplied Keyword: landscape; Author-Supplied Keyword: macroinvertebrate diversity; Author-Supplied Keyword: networks; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article

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S.", "lastName": "Lake" } ], "abstractNote": "1. Headwater streams are ubiquitous in the landscape and are important sources of water, sediments and biota for downstream reaches. They are critical sites for organic matter processing and nutrient cycling, and may be vital for maintaining the ‘health’ of whole river networks. 2. Macroinvertebrates are an important component of biodiversity in stream ecosystems and studies of macroinvertebrate diversity in headwater streams have mostly viewed stream systems as linear reaches rather than as networks, although the latter may be more appropriate to the study of diversity patterns in headwater systems. 3. Studies of macroinvertebrate diversity in headwater streams from around the world illustrated that taxonomic richness is highly variable among continents and regions, and studies addressing longitudinal changes in taxonomic richness of macroinvertebrates generally found highest richness in mid-order streams. 4. When stream systems are viewed as networks at the landscape-scale, α-diversity may be low in individual headwater streams but high β-diversity among headwater streams within catchments and among catchments may generate high γ-diversity. 5. Differing ability and opportunity for dispersal of macroinvertebrates, great physical habitat heterogeneity in headwater streams, and a wide range in local environmental conditions may all contribute to high β-diversity among headwater streams both within and among catchments. 6. Moving beyond linear conceptual models of stream ecosystems to consider the role that spatial structure of river networks might play in determining diversity patterns at the landscape scale is a promising avenue for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]\nCopyright of Freshwater Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. 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Accession Number: 25636236; Stark, John D. 1; Email Address: john.stark@cawthron.org.nz Maxted, John R. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, New Zealand  2: Auckland Regional Council, Auckland, New Zealand  3: South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Road, West Palm Beach, Florida, United States; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p43; Subject Term: RIVERS; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: COASTAL sediments; Subject Term: OCEAN bottom; Subject Term: MARINE debris; Subject Term: WATER pollution; Subject Term: AQUATIC sciences; Subject Term: NEW Zealand; Author-Supplied Keyword: environmental variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: habitat; Author-Supplied Keyword: land use; Author-Supplied Keyword: low gradient; Author-Supplied Keyword: macroinvertebrates; Author-Supplied Keyword: macrophytes; Author-Supplied Keyword: organic pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: pollution tolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: submerged wood; Author-Supplied Keyword: water quality; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article

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Accession Number: 44329650; Wilcock, Robert J. 1; Email Address: r.wilcock@niwa.co.nz Betteridge, Keith 2 Shearman, Donald 3 Fowles, Chris R. 3 Scarsbrook, Mike R. 1 Thorrold, Bruce S. 4 Costall, Des 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric, Research Limited, P.O. Box 11-115, Hamilton, New Zealand  2: AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand  3: Taranaki Regional Council, Private Bag 713, Stratford, New Zealand  4: DairyNZ, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p803; Subject Term: DAIRY farming; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEM management; Subject Term: RESTORATION ecology; Subject Term: SUSTAINABILITY; Subject Term: RIVERS -- New Zealand; Subject Term: NEW Zealand; Author-Supplied Keyword: faecal pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: nutrients; Author-Supplied Keyword: pastoral agriculture; Author-Supplied Keyword: sediment; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 4 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:52:57Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:52:57Z" } }, { "key": "2QB3GWQR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69617, "name": "newzealandhos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/newzealandhos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69617/items/2QB3GWQR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/newzealandhos/items/2QB3GWQR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 748722, "username": "estanbro", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/estanbro", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Magbanua et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-10", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "2QB3GWQR", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Responses of stream macroinvertebrates and ecosystem function to conventional, integrated and organic farming.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francis S.", "lastName": "Magbanua" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Colin R.", "lastName": "Townsend" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Grant L.", "lastName": "Blackwell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ngaire", "lastName": "Phillips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christoph D.", "lastName": "Matthaei" } ], "abstractNote": "1. Organic farming practices can benefit a wide range of terrestrial biota in comparison to conventional farming but we do not know whether this benefit extends to streams flowing through farmed landscapes. 2. We measured the impacts of organic, integrated management and conventional farming on the taxonomic and trait composition of macroinvertebrate communities and on stream ecosystem functioning (algal accrual on tiles and leaf breakdown). Our study design included five replicates of each farming practice, arranged in blocks, in agricultural land dedicated to the farming of sheep and beef cattle on pasture in southern New Zealand. In each farm stream, we studied both upstream and downstream reaches within the farm’s boundaries. 3. The different farming practices were reflected in contrasting stream physicochemistry (total dissolved nitrogen, fine sediment on the bed and glyphosate concentrations in the bed sediment) and in differences in both the taxonomic organization and trait representation of stream invertebrate communities. Conventional farm streams showed the strongest negative responses, whilst the condition of organic and integrated farm streams was similar. 4. Invertebrate trait measures proved as effective as taxonomic measures in their response to agricultural intensity, whereas ecosystem function measures were least sensitive. 5. There were no overall physicochemical differences between upstream and downstream sites within the farms and few notable longitudinal patterns in ecological response variables. 6. Synthesis and applications. Conventional farming had the strongest adverse consequences for stream condition in our study. In contrast, an integrated management system (aimed at reducing pesticide use, increasing beneficial pest predators and encouraging environmentally responsible soil, water and energy management) proved at least as effective as organic farming and, together with organic farming, can be considered better practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]\nCopyright of Journal of Applied Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Applied Ecology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2010", "volume": "47", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1014-1025", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "Article", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://watzekpx.lclark.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=53154399&site=ehost-live&scope=site", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00218901", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "AGRICULTURAL systems -- Environmental aspects" }, { "tag": "BIOTIC communities" }, { "tag": "COMPARATIVE studies" }, { "tag": "ENVIRONMENTAL conditions" }, { "tag": "FRESHWATER organisms" }, { "tag": "NEW Zealand" }, { "tag": "ORGANIC farming" }, { "tag": "RIVERS" }, { "tag": "WATER pollution" }, { "tag": "biological traits" }, { "tag": "body size" }, { "tag": "farming systems" }, { "tag": "glyphosate" }, { "tag": "integrated management" }, { "tag": "land use" }, { "tag": "stream management" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:52:57Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:52:57Z" } }, { "key": "KHXUKC4J", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69617, "name": "newzealandhos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/newzealandhos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69617/items/KHXUKC4J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/newzealandhos/items/KHXUKC4J", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 748722, "username": "estanbro", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/estanbro", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "McDOWELL", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "KHXUKC4J", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Water quality of a stream recently fenced-off from deer.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. W.", "lastName": "McDOWELL" } ], "abstractNote": "Water quality was monitored on a tributary of the Dow Stream on the AgResearch Invermay deer farm near Mosgiel. The aim was to see if fencing-off an area of the stream channel with a known contaminant source (a wallow) and riparian planting improved water quality as measured by the two-weekly concentrations and annual loads of nitrogen (NH4 +-N, No3--N), phosphorus (P; dissolved reactive P, particulate P and total P) species, suspended sediment (SS) and the faecal indicator bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli). Measurements were taken 2 years before and after fencing-off and riparian planting. Analysis of the data indicated that the mean concentrations of NO3 --N, NH4 +-N, SS and TP improved after fencing-off and planting compared to those beforehand. As a result, loads of these constituents decreased by 78% to 98%. Mean concentrations of E. coli and DRP showed no significant difference with fencing-off and planting. Mitigation effects were attributed to (i) the settling of SS and associated NH4 +-N and PP in an area formerly used by deer for wallowing and (ii) the absence of direct excretal input by deer. Hence, fencing-off and riparian planting is recommended for areas where known sources of contaminant loss occur (e.g., wallows or degraded areas of a stream channel). However, this must be balanced with the cost of fencing and potential loss of land from production and the suitability of the stream, or area, for fencing. For instance, the potential mitigation performance of fencing-off and planting is likely to be poorer in areas without large contaminant sources or already good water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]\nCopyright of New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "51", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "291-298", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "Article", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://watzekpx.lclark.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=34182658&site=ehost-live&scope=site", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00288233", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DEER" }, { "tag": "ESCHERICHIA coli" }, { "tag": "LIVESTOCK farms" }, { "tag": "NEW Zealand" }, { "tag": "RIVERS -- New Zealand" }, { "tag": "WATER pollution" }, { "tag": "WATER quality -- Measurement" }, { "tag": "nitrogen" }, { "tag": "phosphorus" }, { "tag": "riparian" }, { "tag": "sediment" }, { "tag": "wallow" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:52:57Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:52:57Z" } }, { "key": "DSJPBV3G", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69617, "name": "newzealandhos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/newzealandhos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69617/items/DSJPBV3G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/newzealandhos/items/DSJPBV3G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 748722, "username": "estanbro", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/estanbro", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Stark and Maxted", "parsedDate": "2007-03", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "DSJPBV3G", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A biotic index for New Zealand's soft-bottomed streams.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John D.", "lastName": "Stark" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John R.", "lastName": "Maxted" } ], "abstractNote": "The article presents a study that describes the development of biotic indices to assess the health of soft-bottomed streams dominated by fine sediments, woody debris and marcophytes. The biotic indices was the version of the Macroinvertebrate Community Index and its semi-quantitative and quantitative variants used extensively in New Zealand to assess organic pollution in hard-bottomed streams.", "publicationTitle": "New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 2007", "volume": "41", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "43-61", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "Article", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://watzekpx.lclark.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=25636236&site=ehost-live&scope=site", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00288330", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "AQUATIC sciences" }, { "tag": "BIOTIC communities" }, { "tag": "COASTAL sediments" }, { "tag": "MARINE debris" }, { "tag": "NEW Zealand" }, { "tag": "OCEAN bottom" }, { "tag": "RIVERS" }, { "tag": "WATER pollution" }, { "tag": "WATER quality" }, { "tag": "environmental variables" }, { "tag": "habitat" }, { "tag": "land use" }, { "tag": "low gradient" }, { "tag": "macroinvertebrates" }, { "tag": "macrophytes" }, { "tag": "organic pollution" }, { "tag": "pollution tolerance" }, { "tag": "submerged wood" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:52:57Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:52:57Z" } }, { "key": "KSDIVRIN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69617, "name": "newzealandhos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/newzealandhos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69617/items/KSDIVRIN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/newzealandhos/items/KSDIVRIN", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69617/items/2T2ZSU4W", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 748722, "username": "estanbro", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/estanbro", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KSDIVRIN", "version": 1, "parentItem": "2T2ZSU4W", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Accession Number: 51276889; DEATH, RUSSELL G. 1; Email Address: r.g.death@massey.ac.nz COLLIER, KEVIN J. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Natural Resources  Ecology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand  2: Environment Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand  3: Centre for Biodiversity & Ecology Research, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 55 Issue 7, p1447; Subject Term: RIPARIAN restoration; Subject Term: BIODIVERSITY; Subject Term: WATER pollution; Subject Term: WATER quality; Subject Term: WAIKATO (N.Z.); Subject Term: NEW Zealand; Author-Supplied Keyword: biodiversity; Author-Supplied Keyword: catchment management; Author-Supplied Keyword: land-use; Author-Supplied Keyword: riparian; Author-Supplied Keyword: stream macroinvertebrate communities; Author-Supplied Keyword: stream restoration; Author-Supplied Keyword: water quality; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:52:57Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:52:57Z" } } ]