[ { "key": "M8XW9M3Z", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/M8XW9M3Z", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/M8XW9M3Z", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/G6ZWHZVJ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "M8XW9M3Z", "version": 1, "parentItem": "G6ZWHZVJ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "abstract", "accessDate": "2012-02-20T07:44:53Z", "url": "http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119175958/abstract", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "AXSGQKEW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/AXSGQKEW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/AXSGQKEW", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/6G5QRD7M", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "AXSGQKEW", "version": 1, "parentItem": "6G5QRD7M", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "2563593", "accessDate": "2012-02-20T07:44:53Z", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2563593", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "Z3HDPBGE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/Z3HDPBGE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/Z3HDPBGE", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/95A6J49D", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "Z3HDPBGE", "version": 1, "parentItem": "95A6J49D", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "", "accessDate": "2012-02-20T07:44:53Z", "url": "http://www.springerlink.com/content/pj28842165158730/", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "95MB4CM6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/95MB4CM6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/95MB4CM6", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/52NEQEVT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "95MB4CM6", "version": 1, "parentItem": "52NEQEVT", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "10.1130%2F0-8137-2390-6.27", "accessDate": "2012-02-20T07:44:53Z", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1130%2F0-8137-2390-6.27", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "48SHE64C", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/48SHE64C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/48SHE64C", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/WI35UW7N", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "48SHE64C", "version": 1, "parentItem": "WI35UW7N", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "", "accessDate": "2012-02-20T07:44:53Z", "url": "http://www.springerlink.com/content/k0676384m1q7tht4/", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "WJDDCKH6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/WJDDCKH6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/WJDDCKH6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jarzabkiewicz", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WJDDCKH6", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Deterioraton processes of historical stone elements and methods of conservation of monuments based on the example of Powazki Cemetary in Warsaw", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Jarzabkiewicz" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Stone consolidation in cultural heritage : research and practice : proceedings of the international symposium, Lisbon 6-7 May, 2008", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2008", "publisher": "LNEC", "place": "Lisbon, Portugal", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "233-240", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "VP9D6B9M", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/VP9D6B9M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/VP9D6B9M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cemeteries", "parsedDate": "2002", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VP9D6B9M", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Distribution in Time, Provenance, and Weathering of Gravestones in Three Northeastern Ohio Cemeteries", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N. O.", "lastName": "Cemeteries" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "OHIO J SCI", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2002", "volume": "102", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "82-96", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "MU86MRJ9", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/MU86MRJ9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/MU86MRJ9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Williams and Robinson", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MU86MRJ9", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effects of aspect on weathering: Anomalous behaviour of sandstone gravestones in southeast England", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. B. G.", "lastName": "Williams" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. A.", "lastName": "Robinson" } ], "abstractNote": "Rocks in the humid temperate zone tend to weather more severely on faces exposed to the prevailing winds than on their more sheltered leeward faces. In southeast England, however, gravestones composed of a non-local, quartz-rich sandstone exhibit a reverse weathering pattern. The east-facing, lee sides exhibit a much greater depth and areal extent of weathering than the west sides which face the westerly wind and rain. Possible reasons for the asymmetric pattern of weathering are discussed.", "publicationTitle": "Earth Surface Processes and Landforms", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2000", "volume": "25", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "135-144", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0197-9337", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "71.2.1;sandstone;Geographic:" }, { "tag": "ENGLAND" }, { "tag": "Kingdom" }, { "tag": "United" }, { "tag": "and" }, { "tag": "aspect;weathering;Weathering" }, { "tag": "landforms" }, { "tag": "related" }, { "tag": "–" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "4KBXMCBT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/4KBXMCBT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/4KBXMCBT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Siegesmund et al.", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4KBXMCBT", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Jewish Cemetary in Hamburg Altona (Germany): State of Marble Deterioration and Provenance", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Siegesmund" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Schwarzburg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Ruedrich" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Weiss" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Kwiatkowski" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "R. Provider Oclc", "lastName": "Lofvendahi" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "International congress on deterioration and conservation of stone", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "6 2004", "publisher": "Sweden:; ICOMOS ; 2004", "place": "Stockholm, Sweden", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "833-840", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "EUCVXB4D", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/EUCVXB4D", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/EUCVXB4D", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Meierding", "parsedDate": "1984", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EUCVXB4D", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Marble tombstone weathering rates in the United States", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas C.", "lastName": "Meierding" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1984", "volume": "16", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "592", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "States;construction" }, { "tag": "materials;pH;geochemistry;tombstones" }, { "tag": "petrology;chemical" }, { "tag": "sedimentary" }, { "tag": "stone;United" }, { "tag": "weathering;weathering;building" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "GBVHI2NZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/GBVHI2NZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/GBVHI2NZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Meierding", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GBVHI2NZ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Philadelphia's effect on precipitation acidity from marble gravestone dissolution rates", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas", "lastName": "Meierding" } ], "abstractNote": "Direct measurements of urban acidic precipitation are few and show little urban/rural difference in today's clean-air cities. However, significant augmentation of precipitation acidity due to under-cloud washout of historic urban atmospheric pollution is demonstrated from mapping of surface recession rates on older horizontal marble gravestones in the Philadelphia, PA region. Unlike vertical gravestones, which are physically weathered by SO (sub 2) -induced gypsum growth, surface lowering of upward-facing slab surfaces at ground level is due almost entirely to dissolution of calcite by acids in precipitation. Such surfaces lower at a mean rate of 1.0 mm/100 yrs. in center-city Philadelphia, but at only 0.5 mm/100 yrs. in nearby rural areas, as determined by an inscription legibility technique. Dissolution damage to marble in the center-city has been considerably less than degradation caused by gaseous SO (sub 2) (3.5 mm/100 yrs). Both have decreased in late decades as the city has cleaned its air.", "publicationTitle": "Pennsylvania Geographer", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2000", "volume": "38", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "42-56", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "ACID" }, { "tag": "County" }, { "tag": "Pennsylvania;chemical" }, { "tag": "Pennsylvania;physical" }, { "tag": "dioxide;atmospheric" }, { "tag": "mechanics;pollution;rates;marbles;United;methods;States;tombstones;orientation;leaching;Pennsylvania;horizontal" }, { "tag": "orientation;Philadelphia" }, { "tag": "precipitation;rock" }, { "tag": "rain;vertical" }, { "tag": "weathering;indicators;weathering;pollutants;Philadelphia" }, { "tag": "weathering;rain;measurement;metamorphic;rocks;sulfur" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "FSTV3T2N", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/FSTV3T2N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/FSTV3T2N", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gauri and Holdren, G. C.", "parsedDate": "1981", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FSTV3T2N", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Pollutant effects on stone monuments", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. Lal", "lastName": "Gauri" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jr", "lastName": "Holdren, G. C." } ], "abstractNote": "The effects of nitrogen oxides and SO2 pollutants in the air on marble structures, e.g. the Taj Mahal, Field Museum of Natural History, and cemetary monuments, are discussed. [on SciFinder (R)]", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Science & Technology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1981", "volume": "15", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "386-90", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0013-936X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "air pollution effect on)" }, { "tag": "air pollution marble destruction;Air pollution (by nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide" }, { "tag": "marble monuments in relation to);Marble Role: MSC (Miscellaneous) (monuments of" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "VAHVQPPW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/VAHVQPPW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/VAHVQPPW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Geikie", "parsedDate": "1880", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VAHVQPPW", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Rock-weathering as illustrated in Edinburgh church yards", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Geikie" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1880", "volume": "10", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "518-532", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "52NEQEVT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/52NEQEVT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/52NEQEVT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Roberts", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "52NEQEVT", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Surface-recession weathering of marble tombstones: New field data and constraints", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sheila M.", "lastName": "Roberts" } ], "abstractNote": "Vertical marble-slab tombstones offer unique advantages over natural stone exposures for measuring historical carbonate weathering rates. One of the most commonly measured properties is surface recession rate, defined in this study as the difference in thickness between the relatively unweathered base and the weathered top of the tombstone.Use of the “base-minus-top” method makes several assumptions, which are revisited in the light of this research: Tombstone thickness from top to base is originally very uniform. Data show that up to 1 mm (but less than 2 mm) original difference in thickness may be common.The tombstone base remains sufficiently unweathered to provide an accurate estimate of the original thickness. Different locations have different maximum ages for which this assumption is valid.Weathering is even across the top of the tombstone. Although thickness across the top of an individual weathered tombstone varies, three consistently placed measurements seem to provide a reproducible average thickness.Surface recession at the tombstone top is measurable and acceptably precise. The total thickness loss must be significantly greater than the original thickness difference and the experimental error.Weathering is dominated by loss of thickness of the marble slab. This assumption is generally correct over long periods of time. However, the data reported here indicate early-stage expansion of some exposed surfaces.Surface recession is linear over time. This study documents nonlinear surface recession of tombstone surfaces.", "publicationTitle": "Special Paper 390: Stone Decay in the Architectural Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1 2005", "volume": "390", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "27-37", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "C7CV5WIQ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/C7CV5WIQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/C7CV5WIQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Livingston and Baer", "parsedDate": "1990", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "C7CV5WIQ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Use of tombstones in investigation of deterioration of stone monuments", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. A.", "lastName": "Livingston" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N. S.", "lastName": "Baer" } ], "abstractNote": "A number of researchers have used tombstones to study the deterioration of stone. The tombstones can provide a large number of samples for statistical analyses. Measurements have included index of legibility, microrelief of resistant inclusions, and loss of thickness. Lack of information about past exposure conditions makes it difficult to derive quantitative relationships. The most useful results involve ranking of stone durability, and identification of time periods or geographic regions with high rates of stone deterioration.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Geology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1990", "volume": "16", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "83-90", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0943-0105", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "WGS6GJKG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/WGS6GJKG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/WGS6GJKG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Livingston and Baer", "parsedDate": "1990", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WGS6GJKG", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "USE OF TOMBSTONES IN INVESTIGATION OF DETERIORATION OF STONE MONUMENTS", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. A.", "lastName": "Livingston" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N. S.", "lastName": "Baer" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1990", "publisher": "", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "83-90", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "BWQUKTTX", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/BWQUKTTX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/BWQUKTTX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cooke et al.", "parsedDate": "1995", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BWQUKTTX", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Using gravestones to assess changing rates of weathering in the United Kingdom", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. U.", "lastName": "Cooke" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. J.", "lastName": "Inkpen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. F. S.", "lastName": "Wiggs" } ], "abstractNote": "Weathering rates were calculated using the height difference between lead lettering and marble on gravestones at three sites in the UK. Comparison of their regression lines and residuals suggested that two of the sites, Portsmouth and Wolverhampton, had similar amounts and rates of weathering over the last 100- 150 years. Gravestones in Swansea appear to have weathered much more and much faster than gravestones at the other two sites. These differences may be the result of the differing pollution and rainfall histories of the three sites.", "publicationTitle": "Earth Surface Processes and Landforms", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1995", "volume": "20", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "531-546", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0197-9337", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "WI35UW7N", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/WI35UW7N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/WI35UW7N", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "McNeill", "parsedDate": "1999", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WI35UW7N", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Variations in the weathering rate of Scottish gravestones as an environmental signature of atmospheric pollution", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. W.", "lastName": "McNeill" } ], "abstractNote": "The weathering rate of marble gravestones has been measured in cemeteries throughout central and southern Scotland. Gravestone weathering rates can be calculated by measurement of the depth from the lead lettering to the current marble face, followed by division by the age of the gravestone. The site average gravestone weathering rate (AGWR) ranges from 4.1 to 20.8 mum/year, with an average for Scotland of 8.5 mum/year. There are zones of high AGWR around the Glasgow area and in west Fife, and the AGWR decreases the further the cemetery is located from the industrial and urban belt of central Scotland. By comparison with known levels of atmospheric sulphur dioxide, a map has been produced which semi-quantitatively illustrates the levels of this air pollutant in Scotland during the 20th century.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Geochemistry and Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1999", "volume": "21", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "365-370", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0269-4042", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "71.2.1;Geographic:" }, { "tag": "Kingdom" }, { "tag": "Scotland;marble;weathering" }, { "tag": "United" }, { "tag": "and" }, { "tag": "atmospheric" }, { "tag": "landforms" }, { "tag": "pollution;Weathering" }, { "tag": "rate" }, { "tag": "related" }, { "tag": "–" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "GQD3TVBM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/GQD3TVBM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/GQD3TVBM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dragovich", "parsedDate": "1997", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GQD3TVBM", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Weathering of marble tombstones in a near-coastal environment, Australia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Dragovich" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "P. G.", "lastName": "Marinos" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "GC", "lastName": "Koukis" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Tsiambaos" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "GC", "lastName": "Stournaras" } ], "abstractNote": "Rates of weathering were estimated from the height difference between marble surfaces and lead inscriptions on tombstones in a near-ocean location in Sydney, Australia. Mean surface reduction was relatively low at 0.54 mm per 100 years for 95 tombstones, established by taking 10 measurements on each stone. Although seaward-facing stones would be expected to receive more oceanic salt inputs, they generally weathered more slowly than landward-facing tombstones. Stones emplaced at a low angle, regardless of orientation, weathered significantly faster (0.69 mm) than more steeply inclined tombstones (0.49 mm).", "bookTitle": "Engineering geology and the environment. Proc. symposium, Athens, 1997", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "3", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1997", "publisher": "Balkema", "place": "Athens, Greece", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "3129-3134", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "77.1.2;marble;Geographic:" }, { "tag": "Australia" }, { "tag": "effects" }, { "tag": "weathering;Environmental" }, { "tag": "–" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "94TTZHK2", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/94TTZHK2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/94TTZHK2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dove", "parsedDate": "1992", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "94TTZHK2", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A life of their own. (gravestones as information sources for geographers)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jane", "lastName": "Dove" } ], "abstractNote": "The biological, physical, demographic and historical aspects of geography can be researched on England's gravestones which generally date from the 1700s to the present. Biogeographers can study lichen colonization, physical geographers can determine rates of weathering on stone structures and demographers can accumulate data on epidemics and life spans. The historical geographer can uncover fascinating information on the use of various types of stone over periods of time.", "publicationTitle": "Geographical Magazine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1992", "volume": "64", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "34(3)", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Sepulchral monuments Research Geographers Research United Kingdom Tombs" }, { "tag": "cemeteries" }, { "tag": "etc. United Kingdom" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "DZCQSS8X", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/DZCQSS8X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/DZCQSS8X", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Krumbein et al.", "parsedDate": "1996", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DZCQSS8X", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Biological aspects of deterioration and consolidation of selected tombstones on Jewish cemeteries", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wolfgang E.", "lastName": "Krumbein" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anna A.", "lastName": "Gorbushina" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katja", "lastName": "Sterflinger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brigitte", "lastName": "Wolf" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "8th = eighth international congress on deterioration and conservation of stone, Berlin, 30 Sept. - 4 Oct. 1996: proceedings", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1996", "publisher": "S.N.", "place": "Berlin", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "687-694", "ISBN": "3-00-000779-2", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Fungus;Allemagne;Pierre" }, { "tag": "ichen" }, { "tag": "se;L" }, { "tag": "tombale;Moisissure;Algae;Pierre;Biodeterioration;Algue;Gravestone;CimetiËre;Tomb;Berlin;Tombe;Germany;Stone;Analysis;Lichen;Cemetery;BiodÈtÈrioration;Analy" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "GCVXT6U7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/GCVXT6U7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/GCVXT6U7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Inkpen and Jackson", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GCVXT6U7", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Contrasting weathering rates in coastal, urban and rural areas in southern Britain: Preliminary investigations using gravestones", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. J.", "lastName": "Inkpen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Jackson" } ], "abstractNote": "Weathering rates were calculated using the height differences between lead lettering on marble gravestones from inland urban, inland rural, coastal urban and coastal rural sites within southern Britain. All sites exhibit similar amounts and variations in rainfall over the study period for which gravestone measurements are available. Comparison of mean weathering rates suggested that the coastal urban site of Clacton had a similar weathering rate to the nearby coastal rural site. The other urban sites of Oxford, Lodge Hill and Portsmouth had similar weathering rates, despite their diverse locations and histories. The inland rural site had a significantly lower mean weathering rate than any other site. Analysis of covariance confirms that there are similarities between some sites. Linear and curvilinear regression of depth of loss against age suggests that a linear regression adequately describes the relationship over the period for which data are available, although there are problems with this simple interpretation.", "publicationTitle": "Earth Surface Processes and Landforms", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2000", "volume": "25", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "229-238", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0197-9337", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "71.2.1;rural" }, { "tag": "England;urban" }, { "tag": "Kingdom" }, { "tag": "United" }, { "tag": "and" }, { "tag": "area;Geographic:" }, { "tag": "area;weathering" }, { "tag": "effect;coastal" }, { "tag": "landforms" }, { "tag": "pollution" }, { "tag": "rate" }, { "tag": "related" }, { "tag": "zone;Weathering" }, { "tag": "–" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "JKZST78X", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/JKZST78X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/JKZST78X", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sramek", "parsedDate": "1980", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JKZST78X", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Determination of the source of surface deterioration on tombstones at the Old Jewish Cemetery in Prague", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Sramek" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "Studies in Conservation, 25, 47-52", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1980", "publisher": "", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "/Gips;Prag;S-Isotopen;Herkunft" }, { "tag": "Luftverschmutzung;Kruste" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "T7MQRCCB", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/T7MQRCCB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/T7MQRCCB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Riederer", "parsedDate": "1972", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T7MQRCCB", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Die Pflege von Epitaphien aus Stein = The maintenance of historic tombstones", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Josef", "lastName": "Riederer" } ], "abstractNote": "Historic tombstones are frequently exposed on the facades of churches. They decompose gradually by the action of natural weathering and crystallizing salts from ground moisture. in urban areas they are covered by thick crusts of soot. For cleaning, alkaline solutions have proved to be useful and sufficiently harmless to the stone. For consolidation, silicate esters are preferred for sandstone: various synthetic materials (epoxy resins, polyester resins, silicones) are advantageous for limestone and marble. Important to the maintenance of historic tombstones is regular protective treatment. – AATA", "publicationTitle": "Schonere Heimat", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1972", "volume": "61", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "287-291", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "G6ZWHZVJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69616, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Gravestone, Monument, & Tombstone Conservation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69616/items/G6ZWHZVJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-gravestone_monument__tombstone_conservation/items/G6ZWHZVJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Axel Schult, Ge Shi", "parsedDate": "1997", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "G6ZWHZVJ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Hydration swelling of crystalline rocks", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Axel Schult, Ge Shi" } ], "abstractNote": "Long-duration deformation experiments at room temperature have shown that crystalline rocks with low porosities, such as granites, diorites, gneisses and metabasites, swell when saturated with water and shrink when dried out. The effect is reversible and reproducible. The swelling cannot be completely hindered by confining pressures up to 15 MPa. The volume strain (from the dry to the saturated state) is of the order of a tenth of the porosity. The volume strain is decreased in brine with increasing molarity and becomes much smaller by saturation with heptane. Swelling and shrinking can also be observed with sorption and desorption of water, that is a change in the relative humidity of the air. It is proposed that the swelling effect is due to surface forces, that is van der Waals attraction and electrostatic double-layer and solvation repulsion. The pore pressure causing the swelling was estimated to be of the order of 15 MPa. This indicates the presence of very flat pores with distances between the surfaces of about 1 nm. The surface forces probably also play an important role in determining the seismic properties of the rocks at low confining pressures.", "publicationTitle": "Geophysical Journal International", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1997", "volume": "131", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "179-186", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb00604.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1365-246X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:41:35Z" } } ]