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"parentItem": "9TBBM6NQ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "LPS58909", "accessDate": "2012-02-20T07:44:19Z", "url": "http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS58909", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "PETJSUDX", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/PETJSUDX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/PETJSUDX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": 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P. O.", "lastName": "Fassina" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "6 2000", "publisher": "Amsterdam; Oxford; Elsevier; 2000", "place": "Venice, Italy", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "33-42", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "9KMR6K7R", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/9KMR6K7R", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/9KMR6K7R", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Blanc and Lorenz", "parsedDate": "1988", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9KMR6K7R", "version": 1, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Etude geologique des anciennes carrieres de Paris: son utilite pour la connaissance et la restauration des monuments", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Annie", "lastName": "Blanc" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Claude", "lastName": "Lorenz" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Paul G.", "lastName": "Marinos" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Editor", "lastName": "Editor" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "George C.", "lastName": "Koukis" } ], "abstractNote": "The study of the quarries of ancient Paris enables us to define different categories of limestones used since the Gallo-Roman period. Results lead to an understanding of ancient architecture and advise modern restorations. Author Abstract Jerry C. Podany George Wheeler", "proceedingsTitle": "The engineering geology of ancient works, monuments and historical sites: preservation and protection, proceedings of an international symposium organized by the Greek National Group of IAEG, Athens, 19-23 September 1988", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "A.A. Balkema", "place": "Rotterdam", "date": "1988", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "639-647", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "(Paris)" }, { "tag": "limestone;quarries;France" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "UIXJZ3U4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/UIXJZ3U4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/UIXJZ3U4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Snethlage", "parsedDate": "1985", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UIXJZ3U4", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Hygric and thermal properties as criteria for the selection of natural stone exchange material", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Snethlage" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Félix" } ], "abstractNote": "Desiderable properties of natural stone used as exchange material. to avoid long-term damages the stone must be selected taking into account its hygric and thermal properties which affect the compatibility with the existing stone material. Results of laboratory investigations are reported and discussed, for both sandstones and limestones. – ICCROM*Natural stone exchange material for buildings is in most cases selected only according to esthetic criteria. to avoid long-term damage the exchange material must be compatible with the existing natural stone material concerning the hygric and thermal properties. The water-accessible porosity, the capillarity and the drying velocity, the heat capacity, and the thermal and the temperature conductivity are the most decisive properties, according to which a suitable natural stone can be assessed for the use as an exchange material in an existing masonry. – AATA*", "bookTitle": "5th International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Lausanne, 1985", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1985", "publisher": "Presses Polytechniques Romandes, Lausanne", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "113-120", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "XD597XFZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/XD597XFZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/XD597XFZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Thornbush and Viles", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XD597XFZ", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Photo-based decay mapping of replaced stone blocks on the boundary wall of Worcester College, Oxford", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. J.", "lastName": "Thornbush" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H. A.", "lastName": "Viles" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Prykryl" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Bernard J. Provider Oclc", "lastName": "Smith" } ], "abstractNote": "In this study on the boundary wall of Worcester College, Oxford, the decay mapping in Adobe Photoshop (DMAP) approach is introduced to test the use of simple daylight photographs in the long-term monitoring of stone decay. This is conducted primarily through measured changes in surface brightness and roughness based on close-up photographic images of walls. The Magic Wand Tool was applied to greyscale images in Lab Color Mode to select proportions of pixels with a lightness (L) value of 77%. This paper shows the effectiveness of the calibration procedure used to validate lightness between surveys so that cross-temporal comparisons have a greater validity. It also outlines and discusses errors associated with the method as well as its limitations. The DMAP approach proves to be particularly useful when applied to long-term monitoring exceeding 5 years of survey.", "bookTitle": "European Geosciences Union General Assembly; Building stone decay: from diagnosis to conservation /", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "271", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "4 2005", "publisher": "Bath; Geological Society; 2007", "place": "Vienna", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "69-76", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "SW97RTXS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/SW97RTXS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/SW97RTXS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Moh'd et al.", "parsedDate": "1996", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "SW97RTXS", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Rapid prediction of Building Research Establishment limestone durability class from porosity and saturation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B. K.", "lastName": "Moh'd" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. J.", "lastName": "Howarth" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. H.", "lastName": "Bland" } ], "abstractNote": "The development of a rapid, non-parametric, and slightly conservative predictor for the estimation of probable weight loss in the standard Building Research Establishment sodium sulphate crystallisation test, and hence of estimated limestone durability class, based on [PorositySaturation]0.5 is described. The time saving offered by application of the tables provided here reduces the 3-4 weeks required for the Building Research Establishment crystallization weight loss test to a matter of hours and offers considerable practical advantage for rapid assessment of the suitability of limestone building stones quarried abroad for use in the salt weathering conditions of the UK.", "publicationTitle": "Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1996", "volume": "29", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "285-297", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0481-2085", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "classification;building stone durability;porosity;Rock mechanics – 72.13.2" }, { "tag": "durability;limestone;Identification and classification – 77.3.10;saturation;salt weathering;sturation;building stone" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "5ZXPGWTE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/5ZXPGWTE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/5ZXPGWTE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Henriques", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5ZXPGWTE", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Replacement Mortars in Conservation: an Overview", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F. M. A.", "lastName": "Henriques" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Kwiatkowski" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "R. Provider Oclc", "lastName": "Lofvendahi" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "International congress on deterioration and conservation of stone", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "6 2004", "publisher": "Sweden:; ICOMOS ; 2004", "place": "Stockholm, Sweden", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "973-984", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "V7474KN8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/V7474KN8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/V7474KN8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hyslop and McMillan", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "V7474KN8", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Replacement Sandstone in the Edinburgh World Heritage Site: Problems of Source and Supply", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Hyslop" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "McMillan" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Kwiatkowski" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Lofvendahi" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Stockholm June 27-July 2, 2004", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "6 2004", "publisher": "Sweden:; ICOMOS ; 2004", "place": "Stockholm, Sweden", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "777-784", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "CNH74V6P", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/CNH74V6P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/CNH74V6P", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Al-Homoud and Tal", "parsedDate": "1997", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "CNH74V6P", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Soil properties, foundation stability, groundwater conditions, characteristics of building stones and mortar used in construction and proposed measures for restoration at the site of ancient Ayla in a Qaba, Jordan", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Al-Homoud" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Tal" } ], "abstractNote": "Ancient Ayla in Aqaba, Jordan was destroyed during a major earthquake incident that occurred in Aqaba in 1067 AD. The Gulf of Aqaba is a seismically active region. The latest strong earthquake incident occurred on November 22, 1995 when an earthquake of local magnitude 6.2 rocked the Gulf of Aqaba region. The main shock was followed by thousands of aftershocks. The Gulf of Aqaba-convering the geologic coordinates 28.0–29.6 N; 34.5–35..2 E is one of two natural bays surrounding the Sinai Peninsula which itself is located at the northernmost end of the Red Sea. The soil profile underlying Aqaba city consists of interlayering of various sedimentory Holocene Alluvium deposits. This study is aimed at investigating the soil and foundation condition at the site of the ancient Ayla. This includes groundwater conditions, bearing capacity of the strata supporting the walls of ancient Ayla, and structural stability of these walls. The study included an investigation of the characteristics of building stones used in the earlier construction as well as those proposed for use in the restoration of Ancient Ayla. Furthermore, the physical and chemical properties of existing mortars were evaluated. Gradation analyses were conducted to select a proper sand for use in the mortar mix. Mortar mix tests were conducted for the purpose of recommending a mortar mix for use in restoration works. Trends in the results of various mix tests were analyzed. Sample borings were made at the site to obtain soi profile and extract soil and water samples. Standard Penetration test was conducted at different depths. Laboratory tests were performed on these samples to determine pertinent physical properties of the soil and salinity of the water. Soils at the site were found to be predominantly granular with archaeological fill overlying beach sand which in turn overlies the coarser sand and gravel of the natural deposits. Except for the wadi area, groundwater was encountered at about 3 m below existing ground levels. Bearing capacity of the foundation was evaluated to be 3.5 kg/cm2 for the dense granular materials (that represent the probable founding layer of the existing walls), and 2.0 kg/cm2 for the weaker silty/clayed zone. Back analysis yields a safe wall height of at least 6.0 m. Therefore, no stability problems are present. Tilting and sinking were noted in some portions of the exterior walls as a result of dynamic lateral earth pressures exerted during the major earthquake incident of 1067 AD. Measures for wall foundation support during archaelogical excavations are suggested. Permanent excavations for exposing the walls should be limited to a free height of about 3 m at the location of western wall, and about 2.5 m at the location of the eastern wall. Stones used in the construction of ancient Ayla were found to consist of precut sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and granite. Weathering effects were clearly noted on the exposed stones in the walls. It is proposed to use a replacement stone consisting of sandstone group located at a source 35 km North of Aqaba. Measures suggested for the restoration of the walls addressed the lack of mortar in the inner walls and the replacement of disintegrated stone pieces in the external walls. Existing mortars were found to consist primarily of three types, namely a brown silty mixture, a gray mixture, but predominantly a mixture of fine gravel and a lime/gypsum binder. The major chemical constituents of the original mortar are 18 % SiO2, 23 % CaO, and 34 % SO3. X-ray diffraction peaks indicate the presence of gypsum, calcite and quartz. Comparative analysis data gave 7 % CaCO3, 53 % Sand, and 40 % Solubles as average values of the constituents. Following the selection of two sand sources for use in the mortar mix, recommended mortar for restoration was a mix of lime, sand, ash, with ratios of 1:3:1.5.", "publicationTitle": "Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1997", "volume": "55", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "53-64", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "ISSN: 1435-9529", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "MFGRT637", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/MFGRT637", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/MFGRT637", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Laycock et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "MFGRT637", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Testing the durability of limestone for Cathedral facade restoratic", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Laycock" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "Spence" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Jefferson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Hetherington" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Martin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Wood" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract This research aimed to specify an optimum replacement stone for Truro Cathedral. A variety of petrographically and visually similar material to the original Bath stone was initially selected. The stones were subjected to three different durability tests; Sodium sulphate crystallisation and large scale testing with both accelerated and climatic freeze-thaw cyclic loading. The most suitable stone was determined as the one with the best performance characteristics overall.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Geology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "12 2008", "volume": "56", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "521-528", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s00254-008-1333-x", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0943-0105", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "5UTWBRZP", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/5UTWBRZP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/5UTWBRZP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Young", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5UTWBRZP", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Consequences of Past Stonecleaning Intervention on Future Policy and Resources", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maureen", "lastName": "Young" } ], "abstractNote": "Whilst traditional building stone has the durability to withstand harsh climate conditions, it does decay over time by means of natural weathering. Lack of maintenance and inappropriate interventions can encourage deterioration and further damage to the stone. Detailed research was required to assess the effects of different cleaning regimes on natural stone and to quantify the damage casued. Practitioner and stonemason surveys and an investigation into future maintenance strategies were included in drawing conclusions on the effects of stone cleaning outlined in this Research Report 240pp, A4, 2003 (PB), ISBN 1 903570 89 1", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2003", "publisher": "Historic Scotland ; Robert Gordon University", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "240", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "9TBBM6NQ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/9TBBM6NQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/9TBBM6NQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pieper and Branch", "parsedDate": "2001", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9TBBM6NQ", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "The maintenance, repair and replacement of historic cast stone", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Pieper" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "United States. National Park Service. Technical Preservation Services", "lastName": "Branch" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "National Park Service, Technical Preservation Services", "place": "Washington, DC", "date": "2001", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "1 electronic text", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cast Maintenance and repair.;Historic buildings Conservation and restoration United States." }, { "tag": "Stone" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "E8ZASWPS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/E8ZASWPS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/E8ZASWPS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Attewell and Taylor", "parsedDate": "1990", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "E8ZASWPS", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Time-dependent atmospheric degradation of building stone in a polluting environment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. B.", "lastName": "Attewell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Taylor" } ], "abstractNote": "Weathered facing stone of Durham Cathedral is undergoing a program of progressive replacement. The durability characteristics of the original stone and the replacement stone are examined, and those factors that are responsible for atmospheric weathering are discussed. Results of a field survey into relative weathering rates in the Durham area using local gravestones also are reported.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Geology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1990", "volume": "16", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "43-55", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.springerlink.com/index/KT857531354446L1.pdf", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "4-5", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "PM8WDSB9", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/PM8WDSB9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/PM8WDSB9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Smith", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PM8WDSB9", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Background Controls on Urban Stone Decay: Lessons from Natural Rock Weathering", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B. J.", "lastName": "Smith" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Brimblecombe" } ], "abstractNote": "Despite the aspirations of architects, the best intentions of builders and the fervent wishes of building owners, stone is not immutable. Sometimes, as in many dense limestones, the rate of decay may be gradual and, given constant climatic conditions, largely predictable. Even then, solution rates can vary in response to fluctuations in pollution levels and changes in the surface morphology of stonework. However, there are also many commonly used building stones which do not decay gradually, but instead experience episodic and sometimes catastrophic breakdown. This occurs as strength is exceeded by the cumulative effects of internal decay and/or when stones are subjected to extreme environmental stresses associated with, for example, a severe frost. Included in these stone types are the quartz sandstones that are widely used across north western Europe. Characteristically, such stones are immune to all but the most limited solutional erosion, but are particularly prone to disruption by the effects of accumulated salts which produce effects such as granular disintegration, contour scaling and flaking (e.g. Smith et al., 1994) In view of these observations and a long acceptance of natural rock weathering, why does the search for immutability on building stones persist? In part this search is conditioned by a widespread assumption that once stone is placed in a building it is immunised from natural processes of weathering. An assumption that once stone is placed in a building it is immunised from natural processes of weathering. An assumption that is compounded by a lack of public awareness and poor understanding of these weathering processes, the controls on them and their consequences. This belief that decay can be switched on or off is reflected in the commonly held view that where rapid decay is observed it is in some way accidental and attributable to human intervention. Usually this entails the creation of an atmospheric environment peculiarly aggresive to stone and the corollary that once polluted conditions are removed decay will cease. This quest for immutability is furthur fuelled by references to ancient structures that have survived, recognisably intact for thousands of years. such references conveniently ignore, however, the multitude of other structures that have not survived. Similarly, earlier phases of conversation and replacement scan be forgotten or ignored. Thus, for example we often neglect the fact that many of the great \"Medieval\" Cathedrals of England underwent major programmes of stone replacement and re-dressing in the 18th and 19th centuries. Finally, underpinning these observations and conclusions is the inevitable, though rarely acknowledges, assumption that processes of urban stone decay are distinct from and only loosely related to those responsible for the weathering of natural rock outcrops. The roots of the relationships between natural weathering and urban stone decay lie in a mixture of the practical, the theoretical and the philosophical. At the heart of this is a de facto separation between researchers and practitioners in the two disciplines. There are sufficient points of contact to have established the various problems as being multidisciplinary, but to-date insuffucient discourse to promote interdisciplinary solutions. Builders and architects are rightly concerned with the practicalities of stone properties and behaviour. Selection of stone is invariably driven by questions of personal preference and experience, availability, cost and aesthetics, whereby building design can drive choice rather than fitness for purpose. Where fitness is a consideration, it is invariably based upon performance in standard durability tests. Unfortunately these tests need not relate directly to conditions experienced by the stone in use nor long-term exposure to a succession or combination of processes operating at a range of magnitudes and frequencies. Alternatively, selection may be based upon initial, but rapidly changed, properties including strength, porosity, permeability and colour. This is particularly the case for replacement stone where matches are sought for existing stonework and where rapid decisions are often required for the choice of conservation strategy. As a consequence most conservation measures inevitably treat symptoms of decay rather than causes. Rarely, if ever, are time, expertise or resources available to research individual conservation projects. Exceptions can be made for particularly prestigious buildings and stone decay research is dominated by projects. Exceptions can be made for particularly prestigious buildings and stone decay research is dominated by studies of high profile municipal and ecclesiastical structures at the expense of more mundane, but more numerous domestic, secular and industrial buildings. In some areas this bias against scientific investigation can become almost institutionalised so that for example, public funding for renovation through schemes such as the EU structural fund and UK National Lottery is either not directly available for research or speficially excludes it. Inevitably, therefore, what research there is into urban stone decay is dominatedby short-term, problem based case studies. Pure research has been centered mainly in Government funded laboratories. But, especially in Europe, even this is under threat as these facilities are increasingly required to be self-financing and hence to concentrate upon commercial applications of their research.", "bookTitle": "The Effects of Air Pollution on the Built Environment", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "2", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2003", "publisher": "Imperial College Press", "place": "London", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "31-62", "ISBN": "1860942911", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "SSJDGWF2", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/SSJDGWF2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/SSJDGWF2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Holmes et al.", "parsedDate": "1994", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SSJDGWF2", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Compositional characterization of French limestone: a new tool for art historians", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. L.", "lastName": "Holmes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Harbottle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Blanc" } ], "abstractNote": "Limestone from quarries known to Medieval craftsmen and from the monuments they built and embellished, as well as from carvings now in museum collections, has been characterized by neutron activation analysis. Specimens from 38 quarries in the Lutetian and Jurassic limestone formations of France and from sculptures in American and French museums have been tested, and the results have been compiled in a database to which art historians may refer when attempting to determine provenance for sculptures. Multivariate statistical analysis of concentration data shows stone from a particular quarry in the Paris basin to be compositionally homogeneous and distinguishable from other quarries in the same formation. The same approach to data related to quarries near the Burgundian abbey of Cluny finds general agreement between classifications based on compositional and on petrographic data, but the number of samples available for analysis at the time of writing was insufficient to achieve the finer distinctions reported for the Paris basin. Author Abstract", "publicationTitle": "Archaeometry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1994", "volume": "36", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "25-39", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-813X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "(Paris);provenance;Jurassic" }, { "tag": "activation" }, { "tag": "analysis;France" }, { "tag": "analysis;statistical" }, { "tag": "limestone;neutron" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "R37UAT5I", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/R37UAT5I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/R37UAT5I", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "McMillan and Hyslop", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "R37UAT5I", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Development of sustainable georesources for the built environment in the United Kingdom", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. A.", "lastName": "McMillan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E. K.", "lastName": "Hyslop" } ], "abstractNote": "The character of the UK's built heritage has been largely determined by the country's diverse geology. Indigenous natural stone forms a major component of the nation's pre-1919 building stock. Stone has been used traditionally for roofing, roads, pavements, bridges, engineering works, and all forms of walling. Today it is mostly employed as thin panel cladding to concrete frameworks in modern construction and is now increasingly being used in large volumes for new city streetscapes.This paper outlines the material requirements for the repair and maintenance of the stone-built heritage and illustrates a range of initiatives across the UK aimed at safeguarding and redeveloping indigenous resources. The importance, particularly for the repair and conservation sector, of selecting appropriate replacement stone is being recognized by architectural and conservation professionals and by local authority officials. There is also increasing recognition of the importance to the economy of the local character of the built environment in terms of its value to tourism and to architectural, historical, and cultural identity. The paper also examines the historical sources of information on stone in the UK and offers recommendations for databasing and disseminating stone resource information. This may assist the redevelopment of a healthy indigenous stone industry and ensure that the unique built heritage character of the UK is maintained and enhanced.", "publicationTitle": "Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "57", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "94œ103", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://kirj.ee/public/Estonian_Journal_of_Earth_Sciences/2008/issue_2/earth-2008-2-94-103.pdf", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "GSI8NAX7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/GSI8NAX7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/GSI8NAX7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "McMillan and Hyslop", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GSI8NAX7", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Development of sustainable georesources for the built environment in the United Kingdom", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. A.", "lastName": "McMillan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E. K.", "lastName": "Hyslop" } ], "abstractNote": "The character of the UK's built heritage has been largely determined by the country's diverse geology. Indigenous natural stone forms a major component of the nation's pre-1919 building stock. Stone has been used traditionally for roofing, roads, pavements, bridges, engineering works, and all forms of walling. Today it is mostly employed as thin panel cladding to concrete frameworks in modern construction and is now increasingly being used in large volumes for new city streetscapes.This paper outlines the material requirements for the repair and maintenance of the stone-built heritage and illustrates a range of initiatives across the UK aimed at safeguarding and redeveloping indigenous resources. The importance, particularly for the repair and conservation sector, of selecting appropriate replacement stone is being recognized by architectural and conservation professionals and by local authority officials. There is also increasing recognition of the importance to the economy of the local character of the built environment in terms of its value to tourism and to architectural, historical, and cultural identity. The paper also examines the historical sources of information on stone in the UK and offers recommendations for databasing and disseminating stone resource information. This may assist the redevelopment of a healthy indigenous stone industry and ensure that the unique built heritage character of the UK is maintained and enhanced.", "publicationTitle": "Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "57", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "94-103", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3176/earth.2008.2.05", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Kingdom;mineral" }, { "tag": "Stone" }, { "tag": "United" }, { "tag": "resources;building" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "I9SU4GRJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/I9SU4GRJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/I9SU4GRJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Boutin and Bromblet", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "I9SU4GRJ", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Evaluation of materials used in the replacement of sculptures in historical monuments", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "François", "lastName": "Boutin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philippe", "lastName": "Bromblet" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Vasco", "lastName": "Fassina" } ], "abstractNote": "Summary The objective of the present study is to appreciate the aptitude of various materials to imitate stone for the realisation of a moulding which is to replace the original piece in situ. After having referenced the main defects which appear on the copies, the moulding of a statue representative of the main difficulties encountered on the statuary of monuments was made with each of the materials. A set of tests were carried out in order to examine and characterise the four mortar formulations (pre-formulated or hand made) as well as two resin-based products (polyester resin and resin mortar) in order to establish the connection between defects and implementation. Results indicate that the quality of a moulding greatly depends on product use, particularly in the case of hydraulic mortars. Moreover, the choice of a product must be determined in relationship with the environment in which the copy is to be installed, and more specifically taking into account the properties of the stone, the severity of the climate and the level of pollution.", "bookTitle": "Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2000", "publisher": "Elsevier Science B.V.", "place": "Amsterdam", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "31-39", "ISBN": "978-0-44-450517-0", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "5TZRNR3A", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/5TZRNR3A", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/5TZRNR3A", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Blanc and Lorenz", "parsedDate": "1992", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5TZRNR3A", "version": 1, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Les marbres et les roches ornementales dans les monuments", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Annie", "lastName": "Blanc" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Claude", "lastName": "Lorenz" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Jacques", "lastName": "Philippon" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Editor", "lastName": "Editor" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Daniel", "lastName": "Jeannette" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Roger-Alexandre", "lastName": "Lefevre" } ], "abstractNote": "Whether dealing with marbles of the Mediterranean basin or reused Gallo-Roman marbles, it is always useful to know their exact origin, regardless of the restoration problems encountered for these ornamental stones. Deals mainly with exterior ornamental stone and mentions briefly the numerous varieties of stone used in the interior decoration of churches, castles, and palaces. Author Abstract Elise Leboucher-Namoianu", "proceedingsTitle": "La conservation de la pierre monumentale en France", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "Presses du CNRS", "place": "Paris", "date": "1992", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "23-26", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "decoration;Gallo-Roman" }, { "tag": "palaces;Mediterranean;provenance;stone;monuments;castles;churches;faÁades;marble;interior" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } }, { "key": "CAIFR3QN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 69615, "name": "Heritage in Stone-Replacement Stone", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/69615/items/CAIFR3QN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/heritage_in_stone-replacement_stone/items/CAIFR3QN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mather", "parsedDate": "1956", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CAIFR3QN", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Partial replacement of portland cement in concrete", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Mather" } ], "abstractNote": "Combinations of 16 cementitious and siliceous replacement materials and 5 portland cements (4 types) were studied. The properties investigated for both structural and mass concrete were: bleeding, permeability, durability (freezing and thawing), vol. change, and compressive strength. Optimum results were obtained with 35% natural cement, 12% uncalcined diatomite, and 30% calcined shale.", "publicationTitle": "Am. Soc. Testing Materials, Spec. Tech. Publ.", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1956", "volume": "No. 205", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "37-67, discussion 67-73", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-20T08:31:21Z" } } ]