[ { "key": "6HJIAP7U", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/6HJIAP7U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/6HJIAP7U", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/PB3E59J5", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "6HJIAP7U", "version": 1, "parentItem": "PB3E59J5", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036999947&partnerID=40&rel=R8.0.0", "accessDate": "2012-02-15T05:43:56Z", "url": "http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036999947&partnerID=40&rel=R8.0.0", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/XBKHDWMA" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "3G5IEB68", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/3G5IEB68", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/3G5IEB68", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/ST6JN7TT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "3G5IEB68", "version": 1, "parentItem": "ST6JN7TT", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "299", "accessDate": "2012-02-15T05:43:56Z", "url": "http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/205/1/299", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/HV2TB9FI" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "2X6ED94U", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/2X6ED94U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/2X6ED94U", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/5FCVN2HU", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "2X6ED94U", "version": 1, "parentItem": "5FCVN2HU", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "365", "accessDate": "2012-02-15T05:43:56Z", "url": "http://qjegh.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/23/4/365", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/5QKW7FNC" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "7JVRNEBT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/7JVRNEBT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/7JVRNEBT", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/8DNNIJP9", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "7JVRNEBT", "version": 1, "parentItem": "8DNNIJP9", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "757", "accessDate": "2012-02-15T05:43:56Z", "url": "http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/short/63/5/757", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/GS86UXH6" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "C4XX7JB8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/C4XX7JB8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/C4XX7JB8", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/GAZPB433", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "C4XX7JB8", "version": 1, "parentItem": "GAZPB433", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TXJ-4NJ0THS-1&_user=4423&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2007&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000059605&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4423&md5=2f688b53b6b10a5779e318af7ce07bb8", "accessDate": "2012-02-15T05:43:56Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TXJ-4NJ0THS-1&_user=4423&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2007&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000059605&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4423&md5=2f688b53b6b10a5779e318af7ce07bb8", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/3UAFS3RA" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "BPDSJTE6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/BPDSJTE6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/BPDSJTE6", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/HJ2NA376", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "BPDSJTE6", "version": 1, "parentItem": "HJ2NA376", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "f6e656a88abeff4f897a07f8a4ebae05", "accessDate": "2012-02-15T05:43:56Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B873C-4NXBCSH-1P/1/f6e656a88abeff4f897a07f8a4ebae05", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/UPP7IUQ5" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "AWM8CUMJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/AWM8CUMJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/AWM8CUMJ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/F6K56CZA", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "AWM8CUMJ", "version": 1, "parentItem": "F6K56CZA", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "s00254-004-1038-8", "accessDate": "2012-02-15T05:43:56Z", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-004-1038-8", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/BMHH4WET" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "EM3EA96M", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/EM3EA96M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/EM3EA96M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rousset, Bénédicte, Stéfania Gentile, Julian James and Pozzi", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EM3EA96M", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Rousset, Bénédicte, Stéfania Gentile, Julian James" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Barbara", "lastName": "Pozzi" } ], "abstractNote": "Selected proprietary injection grouts as well as “home-made” formulations have undergone laboratory and limited field testing in order to find a solution for back-filling large voids in molasses sandstone affected by severe contour scaling. Although good working properties have generally been found, performance characteristics often fall short of specific performance criteria. Lime-based grouts, despite present important shortcomings, are all the same considered most promising for further development and field-testing.", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.conservation-science.ch/files", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/TTAUV7DQ" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "3CVJCVRV", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/3CVJCVRV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/3CVJCVRV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Calia et al.", "parsedDate": "1996", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3CVJCVRV", "version": 1, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "A case history. The doric temple Poseidon in Taranto-Italy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. ;.", "lastName": "Calia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. ;.", "lastName": "Mecchi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. ;.", "lastName": "Quarta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Rossi Doria" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. M.", "lastName": "Rota; Schembari" } ], "abstractNote": "", "proceedingsTitle": "Preservation and restoration of cultural heritage. Proceeding of the 1995 LCP Congress", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1996", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "119-126-", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "// Temple Poisidon" }, { "tag": "Italy;quarries;ACCESSION NO: 13784. CALL NO: Pi. 447;Italy.;stone;conservation;PRIMARY KEYWORDS: temples" }, { "tag": "Taranto" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/4HTNTG6U" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "HJ2NA376", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/HJ2NA376", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/HJ2NA376", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Calia et al.", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "HJ2NA376", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "A research into intrinsic parameters material to the durability of highly porous building stones", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Calia", "lastName": "Calia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. M.", "lastName": "Mecchi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Quarta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vasco", "lastName": "Fassina" } ], "abstractNote": "Summary The present work represents the first stage of a study of the main characteristics that influence the changes in highly porous stone materials and of the parameters that most clearly quantify this degradation. For this purpose we have compared two types of similar calcarenite material, used in the Apulian region and called \"carpari\", which in practice present different states of conservation. The laboratory study was carried out by means of examination of their characteristics before and after artificial ageing. Observations by thin section, XRD analyses, porosimetric measurements, permeability and evaporation tests, absorption by capillarity and immersion tests, measures of ultrasonic wave velocity were carried out on samples from quarries providing each type. The same samples were then exposed to artificial ageing with sodium sulphate, which effectively produced deterioration comparable with that \"in situ\", and then they underwent the same measurements that were carried out before ageing.", "bookTitle": "Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2000", "publisher": "Elsevier Science B.V.", "place": "Amsterdam", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "49-57", "ISBN": "9780444505170", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/9KBC2PM7" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "ST6JN7TT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/ST6JN7TT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/ST6JN7TT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Koch and Siegesmund", "parsedDate": "2002", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ST6JN7TT", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Bowing of marble panels: on-site damage analysis from the Oeconomicum Building at Gottingen (Germany)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Koch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Siegesmund" } ], "abstractNote": "The use of natural stone panels or cladding material for building facades has led to some durability problems, especially with marble slabs. To examine the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters on bowing, a very detailed study was performed on the Oeconomicum Building at the University of Goettingen. In total 1556 panels from the whole building were measured with respect to bowing using a bow-meter. The variation of bowing ranges from concave (up to 23 mm/m) to convex (up to -11 mm/m). The variation is not controlled by the position with respect to the geographical coordinates, height above ground, shadows, temperature etc. On the north facade the different rock structures visible on the panel surfaces are a result of the marble slabs being cut in different directions. The different degrees of bowing are associated with the structure of the marble since all other influencing factors are relatively constant (position, temperature, moisture content, building physics). Experimental data on the expansion behaviour under dry and/or wet conditions reveal different degrees of bowing with respect to the rock fabric and may help to explain the observed differences in bowing. The effect of the rock fabric, especially of the lattice preferred orientation in this case, clearly controls the deterioration of the marble and the degree of bowing. The bowing is also characterized by an increase in the porosity, decreasing values of ultrasonic wave velocities and flexural strength. The loss of cohesion in the strongly deteriorated panels is clearly visible in the microstructure by the open grain boundaries which are interconnected to intergranular microcracks.", "publicationTitle": "Geological Society, London, Special Publications", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1 2002", "volume": "205", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "299-314", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1144/gsl.sp.2002.205.01.22", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/25PRQ53U" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "XWTIM389", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/XWTIM389", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/XWTIM389", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lopez De Azcona et al.", "parsedDate": "2002", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XWTIM389", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Conservation of the stone in Cibeles Fountain, Madrid (Spain)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. C.", "lastName": "Lopez De Azcona" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Fort Gonzalez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Mingarro Martin" } ], "abstractNote": "The water in Cibeles Fountain located in Madrid, Spain, flows in a closed circuit and is replaced every 6 mo. After this period of time, an increase in bicarbonate, sulfate, calcium and magnesium contents is registered in the water, as well as a slight increase in its acidity. This acidity, favored by atm. pollution, is the main cause for the process of dissoln. that marble used in the ornamental sections of the fountain undergoes. Calcite-based marble from the Carrara quarries in Italy of the cherubs suffers the most acute dissoln. processes, while dolomite-based marble, used for the main sculpture body is less affected by these processes. Dissolved materials fall on certain sections of the sculpture and of the fountain forming dirt crusts and inlaid soiling. To prevent the decay of fountain building materials, periodical control of water compn. is necessary, to stabilize water pH at around 7.8. It is likewise necessary to add chems. that prevent bacteria and algae proliferation, thus improving water quality. [on SciFinder (R)]", "publicationTitle": "Materiales de Construccion (Madrid, Spain)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2002", "volume": "52", "issue": "265", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "65-75", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "ANST (Analytical study)" }, { "tag": "Cibeles Fountain;Nitrates;Marble Role: ANT (Analyte)" }, { "tag": "Madrid (Spain);Acidity;Petrography;Chlorides;Stone Role: ANT (Analyte)" }, { "tag": "Madrid (Spain);Carbonates;Art (archaeol. sculpture" }, { "tag": "Madrid (Spain);Potassium feldspars;Air pollution;Phosphates;Archaeology;Bicarbonates;Granite;Feldspar-group minerals;Silicates;Nitrites" }, { "tag": "Madrid (Spain);Sulfates Role: OCU (Occurrence" }, { "tag": "Madrid (Spain);pH (conservation of the stone in Cibeles Fountain" }, { "tag": "Marble Role: ANT (Analyte)" }, { "tag": "OCCU (Occurrence) (conservation of the stone in Cibeles Fountain" }, { "tag": "OCCU (Occurrence) (dolomitic;archeol ancient marble stone water fountain acidity pollution petrog;conservation of the stone in Cibeles Fountain" }, { "tag": "OCU (Occurrence" }, { "tag": "PRP (Properties)" }, { "tag": "unclassified)" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/6QVIZJTJ" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "75E8TJE3", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/75E8TJE3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/75E8TJE3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Qiao et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "75E8TJE3", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Dynamic elastic modulus and microstructure study of concrete in sulfate environment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hong-xia", "lastName": "Qiao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zhong-mao", "lastName": "He" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cui-lan", "lastName": "Liu" } ], "abstractNote": "Aimed at the durability of concrete in serious salt regions, a study was carried out to examine the performance of various high-performance minute stone concretes in the sulfate environment, such as the high-performance minute stone concrete with inside composite additive, the portland cement concrete and the resist-sulfur cement concrete. The variety of elastic modulus was examd. and the SEM of concretes was analyzed after the dry-wet cycle in sodium soln. Test results show that the bittern resistance of resist-sulfur cement concrete is not better than that of portland cement concrete in the execrable dry-wet cycle environment; and the high-performance minute stone concrete with inside composite additive has better repellence to the sulfate environment. A Secondary hydratation of the composite additive with the disadvantage component Ca(OH)2 in the concreteoccurs, and the advantaged C-S-H gel is produced, which can reform the microstructure of concrete effectively. Moreover, the advice to mix concretes in salt region is put forward. [on SciFinder (R)]", "publicationTitle": "Harbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "40", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1302-1306", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/WTBP8SMW" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "TNIZGTN5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/TNIZGTN5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/TNIZGTN5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Larkin", "parsedDate": "1997", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TNIZGTN5", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Edge spalling in thin stone cladding", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James H.", "lastName": "Larkin" } ], "abstractNote": "Current trends toward the use of thinner and thinner natural stone as an exterior cladding material warrant new design considerations and demand higher levels of quality control and possibly new methods of fabrication. A combination of the desires to reduce wt. and cut budgets has driven the stone cladding industry into new territory in the last twenty years. It is now common for stones to be slabbed to a 3 cm thickness, and in some cases to 2.5 cm and less. In addn. to becoming inherently more fragile, the reduced thickness leaves very little room for error in edge prepns. Kerf cuts and dowel pin holes must be fabricated with very tight precision. The author and his firm have obsd. dozens of stone-clad buildings in the last ten years with localized damage or spalling at the edges of individual pieces of stone. The spalls are typically semi-circular in shape and centered on the stone's anchors back to the structure. They have been obsd. in granite, marble and travertine and have been obsd. domestically as well as on buildings in Southeast Asia. In this paper, causes of this phenomenon are explored and the effects on the veneer's useful life are discussed. Several case studies are referenced in order to draw the following conclusion:. While some stone damage is service oriented, i.e., occurs during the life of the cladding after erection, it appears evident that a majority is related to anchor design, fabrication, handling, and/or installation procedures. Design emphasis for these thin veneers must shift from strictly analyzing the stone's free span to more closely considering the concd. reactions at their support points.", "publicationTitle": "Geotech. Spec. Publ.", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1997", "volume": "72", "issue": "Degradation of Natural Building Stone", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "105-115", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0895-0563", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Spalling" }, { "tag": "Stone" }, { "tag": "cladding" }, { "tag": "edge" }, { "tag": "mechanism" }, { "tag": "thin" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/UIWZDT6X" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "F6K56CZA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/F6K56CZA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/F6K56CZA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jimenez Gonzalez and Scherer", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "F6K56CZA", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effect of swelling inhibitors on the swelling and stress relaxation of clay bearing stones", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Inmaculada", "lastName": "Jimenez Gonzalez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "George W.", "lastName": "Scherer" } ], "abstractNote": "Clay-containing stones such as Portland Brownstone (USA), Villarlod Molasse (Switzerland) and Tarifa Sandstone (Spain), are expected to weather as a result of wetting and drying cycles. During drying events, contraction of the drying surface leads to stresses approaching the tensile strength of the stone. However, we have found that the magnitude of these stresses is reduced by the ability of the stone to undergo stress relaxation. In this paper we describe novel methods to determine the magnitude of the stresses and the rate at which they develop and relax. We also discuss the influence of swelling inhibitors on the magnitude of swelling and the rate of the stress relaxation of these stones. The implications of our findings for the understanding of damage due to swelling of clays are discussed.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Geology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2004", "volume": "46", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "364-377", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0943-0105", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/EIGTDVZK" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "53IG7BB5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/53IG7BB5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/53IG7BB5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Prikryl et al.", "parsedDate": "2002", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "53IG7BB5", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Experimental weathering of marlstone from Predni Kopanina (Czech Republic) - historical building stone of Prague", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Prikryl" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Lokajicek" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Svobodova" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Z.", "lastName": "Weishauptova" } ], "abstractNote": "Romanesque builders favoured marlstones because of their easy workability. Unfortunately, this rock rapidly deteriorates when exposed to the external atmospheric conditions. Artificial weathering experiments were conducted on marlstone from Pfedni Kopanina quarry near Prague (Czech Republic) in order to determine: (A) which weathering factor presents major danger to this rock type, and (B) which of the test methods provide the most reliable measure of the intensity of rock disintegration. Rock specimens prepared from fresh rock were subjected to standardized freeze-thaw cycles and salt crystallization tests, and to the accelerated weathering in climatic chamber using SO2 and a combination of freeze-thaw and SO2 cycles. Stone properties were evaluated by non-destructive and destructive techniques including ultrasonic velocity measurements, determination of water uptake by capillary action, mechanical testing, detailed porosimetric analysis and microscopic study. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "bookTitle": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "4 2002", "publisher": "", "place": "Oxford, England", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "1163-1171", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/GIWACMF3" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "ZEIF9FRI", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/ZEIF9FRI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/ZEIF9FRI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sato and Matsushita", "parsedDate": "2001", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZEIF9FRI", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Geological factors in the distribution of concrete corrosive ground", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Toshiyuki", "lastName": "Sato" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hiromichi", "lastName": "Matsushita" } ], "abstractNote": "The deterioration of concrete structure occurs due to various factors. The safety of concrete structure is attacked by addnl. environmental hazards. In this paper, geog. regions which cause sulfate attack of concrete housing foundations were discussed. An example of collapse due to deterioration of concrete housing foundations on land developed with coal waste in an old coal-mining area was discussed. A similar case of damage of concrete housing foundations on land developed with mudstones of Neogene formations was verified. As a result, it became clear that the sulfate ion in the ground of Neogene formations was high concn. This concn. was caused by an increase of the sulfate ion due to oxidized pyrite. Samples were subjected to scanning electron microscope anal. and distribution maps of the concrete corrosive ground based on geol. factors were presented.", "publicationTitle": "Kogaku Shuho - Kyushu Daigaku", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2001", "volume": "74", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "299-306", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "concrete" }, { "tag": "corrosive" }, { "tag": "ground" }, { "tag": "oxidn" }, { "tag": "pyrite" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/JCIAHCC3" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "7EDS4CZ5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/7EDS4CZ5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/7EDS4CZ5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fratini et al.", "parsedDate": "1990", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7EDS4CZ5", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Pietra di Lecce: studio sull'applicazione di nuovi prodotti per la sua conservazione", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Fratini" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carlo", "lastName": "Manganelli Del Fa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Pecchioni" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Quarta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Scala" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Zezza" } ], "abstractNote": "2 A new product, a fluoro-elastomer, is fully tested to preserve the porous limestone quarried near Lecce, southern Italy, and employed in its architecture. The test involves a characterization of stone material, an artificial aging of stone specimens, a treatment of specimens by fluoro-elastomer, and a control of the effectiveness. The results show that the product is suitable for stone conservation and it did not change the porosimetric features of the stone. – AATA*", "bookTitle": "The Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin: The influence of coastal environment and salt spray on limestone and marble. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium, Bari, 7-10 June 1989", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1990", "publisher": "Grafo Edizioni, Brescia, Italy", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "495-499", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/7TWIUQTH" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "RISPATF6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/RISPATF6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/RISPATF6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fellowes and Hagan", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RISPATF6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Pyrite oxidation: the conservation of historic shipwrecks and geological and palaeontological specimens", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dymphna", "lastName": "Fellowes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul", "lastName": "Hagan" } ], "abstractNote": "The role of pyrite oxidation in the degradation of geological and palaeontological collections is well known. The oxidation of pyrite, in the presence of water and oxygen, produces sulfuric acid and hydrates of iron(II) sulfate. Sulfuric acid causes further reactions, and the iron(II) sulfate acts as an adsorbent for further water from the atmosphere, thereby promoting further oxidation. In addition to sulfuric acid, the oxidation of pyrite produces copious amounts of iron(II) and iron(III) ions in solution, which oxidizes polyethylene glycol (PEG) used to prevent wood shrinkage and degrades cellulose in the timbers. Pyrite oxidation and the consequent production of sulfuric acid is a key factor in the acid wood hydrolysis of historical shipwreck timbers, resulting from the corrosion of iron-hull fastenings in anaerobic hydrogen sulfide-enriched waters and the sediments in which wrecks are often buried. Sulfur produced from bacterial reactions is also consequential. This article summarizes the chemistry of pyrite oxidation and reviews the many factors that influence the oxidation rate. Methods of controlling pyrite oxidation have been proposed; some are described. Practical applications are introduced in relation to the overall oxidation process and its attenuation, but are not considered in depth as conservation treatments. The problem of pyrite formation in antique books is also briefly considered. Author's Abstract", "publicationTitle": "Reviews in Conservation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003", "volume": "", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "26-38", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1605-8410", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "History" }, { "tag": "corrosion;shipwrecks;pyrite;wood;acid" }, { "tag": "hydrolysis;oxidation;natural" }, { "tag": "specimens" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/BGJJ744P" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "VRRKTHQV", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/VRRKTHQV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/VRRKTHQV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Veniale et al.", "parsedDate": "2001", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VRRKTHQV", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Role of clay constituents in stone decay processes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Veniale" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Setti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Rodriguez-Navarro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Lodola" } ], "abstractNote": "Stone alterability/durability is depending upon a no. of intrinsic and extrinsic factors among which \"clay minerals\" constituents, either diffused throughout the stone framework or as coating-filling of void spaces, can play an important role. Swelling-shrinking and aggregation-disaggregation phenomena occurring by interaction of argillaceous particles with water and other fluids can cause destructuration of the stone resulting in a variety of pathologies. Also salt crystn. which is depending on fluid transfer, moisture evapn. and ion concn. in the circulating solns., can be influenced by clay mineral reactivity. Furthermore, saline solns. can drastically change the clay minerals behavior, resulting in enhanced \"osmotic\" swelling and variations in clay aggregation geometry; these phenomena resulting in significant stone damage. Case histories concerning several lithotypes used for monumental buildings and artistic manufs. are reported for showing the role of different clay mineral types in detg. trend and intensity of decay processes. [on SciFinder (R)]", "publicationTitle": "Mater Constr (Madrid, Spain)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2001", "volume": "51", "issue": "263-264", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "163-182", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "(Miscellaneous)" }, { "tag": "(historic;clay" }, { "tag": "(role" }, { "tag": "Building" }, { "tag": "Clay" }, { "tag": "MSC" }, { "tag": "Minerals" }, { "tag": "Role:" }, { "tag": "Stone" }, { "tag": "archeol;Weathering" }, { "tag": "art" }, { "tag": "constituents" }, { "tag": "decay" }, { "tag": "in" }, { "tag": "mineral" }, { "tag": "of" }, { "tag": "processes);Art;Archaeology;Clay" }, { "tag": "processes);Clays;Stone" }, { "tag": "processes);monuments;role" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/XTN4TAZK" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "8DNNIJP9", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/8DNNIJP9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/8DNNIJP9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Garvie", "parsedDate": "1999", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "8DNNIJP9", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Sideronatrite and metasideronatrite efflorescence formed in a coastal sea-spray environment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. A. J.", "lastName": "Garvie" } ], "abstractNote": "Sideronatrite [Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH)·3H2O] occurs as yellow botryoidal encrustations on low cliffs of weathered pyrite-bearing mudstones at Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire, England. Extensive areas of the cliffs, up to ˜100 m2, are coated with sideronatrite and its low solubility in cold water secures its longevity. Dry samples of sideronatrite convert readily to metasideronatrite [Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH)·H2O], the reaction to sideronatrite being reversible. Sideronatrite, it is suggested, forms as a result of weathering of pyrite that is present in the argillaceous sediments and reaction with Na from the sea-salt spray.", "publicationTitle": "Mineralogical Magazine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1999", "volume": "63", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "757-759", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0026-461X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "(chemistry);weathering;Geographic:" }, { "tag": "72.1.4;seawater" }, { "tag": "Hampshire;Properties" }, { "tag": "Kingdom" }, { "tag": "Minerals" }, { "tag": "United" }, { "tag": "coastal" }, { "tag": "of" }, { "tag": "zone;precipitation" }, { "tag": "–" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/ZKCZQHQ2" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "IUNXNNDV", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/IUNXNNDV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/IUNXNNDV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bams and Dewaele", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IUNXNNDV", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Staining of white marble", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V.", "lastName": "Bams" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Dewaele" } ], "abstractNote": "White marbles have been a popular building material since Greek and Roman times. Recently, the long-term aesthetical aspect of white marbles has been questioned. The results of research on the development of stains on different types of white marbles (seven Italian and one Greek marble) are presented. The staining of white marbles has been studied by using different microscopic techniques and staining methods. In addition, a new optimized staining technique is proposed for artificial staining of white Carrara marble. An objective normalized measuring method is also developed for quantifying the discoloration of natural materials. Although the inclusions of organic material in crystals in marbles are often suggested to be responsible for staining, this investigation illustrated that they have little or no influence on the discoloration of the natural stones. Systematic investigation showed that the presence of pyrite and hematite crystals plays a dominant role for the development of discoloration.", "publicationTitle": "Materials Characterization", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "58", "issue": "11-12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1052-1062", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.matchar.2007.05.004", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1044-5803", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/Z9AS4DUJ" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "5TFK9TWE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/5TFK9TWE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/5TFK9TWE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Scherer and Gonzalez, Jimenez", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5TFK9TWE", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Swelling clays and salt crystallization: The damage mechanisms and the role of consolidants", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "George", "lastName": "Scherer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I.", "lastName": "Gonzalez, Jimenez" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Jose Delgado", "lastName": "Rodrigues" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Joao Manuel", "lastName": "Mimoso" } ], "abstractNote": "The factors affecting crystallization pressure are briefly reviewed, and the possible influence of consolidants on those factors is discussed. Consolidation may protect stone by raising its strength, but it can alter the pattern of precipitation by changing wettability or permeability of the stone, and may even alter the disjoining pressure. Clay bearing stones are subject to damage if the clays swell on exposure to moisture. It has been reported that the beneficial effects of silicate consolidants in such stones are lost after a few cycles of wetting and drying. We present data indicating that prior treatment with swelling inhibitors, such as diaminoalkanes, improves the durability of the consolidant. KEYWORDS: clay hydric swelling, crystallization pressure, stress", "bookTitle": "Stone consolidation in cultural heritage : research and practice : proceedings of the international symposium, Lisbon 6-7 May, 2008", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2008", "publisher": "LNEC", "place": "Lisbon", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "29-40", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/MKZWSIU6" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "PP7B2BTM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/PP7B2BTM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/PP7B2BTM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Calia et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PP7B2BTM", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "The Saint-John Sepulchre at Brindisi (South Italy): Identification and provenance of marbles", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Calia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. T.", "lastName": "Giannotta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Quarta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Cimino" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "R. Provider Oclc", "lastName": "Fort" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "International conference on heritage, weathering and conservation", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "6 2006", "publisher": "London:; Taylor & Francis ; c2006", "place": "Madrid, Spain", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "887-894", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/XF3Z5V7C" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } }, { "key": "GAZPB433", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68783, "name": "Stone Weathering-Intrinsic Issues", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68783/items/GAZPB433", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/stone_weathering-intrinsic_issues/items/GAZPB433", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dreesen et al.", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "GAZPB433", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The staining of blue stone limestones petrographically unraveled", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Dreesen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Nielsen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Lagrou" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper deals with the first results of a comparative petrographical study of un-aesthetically stained blue stone limestones, including Lower Carboniferous crinoidal limestones and Middle Cambrian oolitic limestones. Although it was commonly accepted that this staining resulted from weathering of ferroan dolomite, our study proved that it rather resulted from weathering of framboidal pyrite and subsequent dissolution of partially dedolomitized dolomite. Meteoric weathering resulted in a chemical reaction chain including oxidation of pyrite, formation of sulphate-rich water, dissolution of dedolomitized dolomite rhombs and precipitation of iron (hydr)oxide coatings in the intercrystalline dissolution voids. Weathering was probably accelerated by an increased permeability, related to the presence of open stylolites and/or by initial secondary dolomitization of the host limestone. Optical microscopy of fluorescent epoxy impregnated thin sections and of polished slabs proved to be particularly useful in elucidating the above staining mechanism, especially in combination with SEM and BSEM with on-line WDS/EDS. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "Materials Characterization", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "11 2007", "volume": "58", "issue": "11-12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1070-1081", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.matchar.2007.03.015", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1044-5803", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DOLOMITE;THIN-SECTION;optical microscopy" }, { "tag": "carbonate building stones" }, { "tag": "micro-analysis" }, { "tag": "staining" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/68779/items/PHITBZ3X" }, "dateAdded": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-15T05:44:11Z" } } ]