From Duplicate 2 ( UNUSUAL PIGMENTS ON A GREEK MARBLE BASIN - Wallert, Arie )
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", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "JVK3ZNZF", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/JVK3ZNZF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/JVK3ZNZF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "WALTON et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JVK3ZNZF", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "CHARACTERIZATION OF CORAL RED SLIPS ON GREEK ATTIC POTTERY", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. S.", "lastName": "WALTON" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "DOEHNE" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "TREN℡MAN" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "CHIARI" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "MAISH" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "BUXBAUM" } ], "abstractNote": "Samples of red and black gloss from Greek Attic pottery of the late sixth to fifth centuries bc were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM and FIB/STEM). The focus of the study was the chemical and microstructural characterization of the red gloss that was first produced during this period. Two groupings of red gloss were revealed. One red was found to be compositionally similar to the black glosses (labelled ‘LCM coral red’). The other red showed more significant chemical differences, such as higher calcium and magnesium, in comparison to the black (labelled ‘HCM coral red’). The existence of two chemically distinct reds—otherwise identical in colour and texture—suggests that there was more than one source of clay available to the Attic potters for producing red.", "publicationTitle": "Archaeometry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 2009", "volume": "51", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "383–396", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1475-4754.2008.00413.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2008.00413.x", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003813X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Slip" }, { "tag": "ancient greece" }, { "tag": "attic" }, { "tag": "black gloss" }, { "tag": "ceramic" }, { "tag": "coral red" }, { "tag": "edx" }, { "tag": "fib" }, { "tag": "sem" }, { "tag": "stem" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "HAIUHIBB", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/HAIUHIBB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/HAIUHIBB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wallert", "parsedDate": "1995", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "HAIUHIBB", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Unusual Pigments on a Greek Marble Basin", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arie", "lastName": "Wallert" } ], "abstractNote": "The examination of the original polychromy of a fourth century B.C. classical Greek marble basin revealed a number of unusual pigments. In addition to natural cinnabar, and Egyptian blue, analysis has shown the presence of wild madder (Rubia peregrina) as the colorant in a purple pigment. This is one of the very few instances in which the use of madder as a colorant in classical painting has been established analytically. The white pigment was found to be neutral lead carbonate (cerussite). The use of this carbonate in painting is extremely rare. The yellow pigment was identified as misy (jarosite). The use of jarosites, iron sulphates, as pigments in painting has not been reported previously. ␥ L'examen de la polychromie originale d'un bassin de marbre grec classique (4e S. A.C.) a révélé nombre de pigments inusuels. En plus du cinabre naturel et du bleu Egyptien, l'analyse a montré la présence de la garance (Rubia peregrina) comme colorant du pigment pourpre. C'est l'un des très rares cas où l'emploi de la garance comme colorant d'une peinture classique a été établi par analyse. Le pigment blanc s'est révélé être un carbonate de plomb neutre (cérusite) et l'emploi de ce carbonate dans les peintures est extrêmement rare. Le pigment jaune a été identifié à 'misy', de la jarosite. L'emploi de jarosites–des sulphates de fer–comme pigments de peinture n'a jamais été mentionné auparavant. ␥ Die Untersuchung der Originalfassung einer antiken griechischen Marmorschale aus dem vierten Jahrhundert vor Christus führten zum Fund einer Reihe außergewöhnlicher Pigmente. Neben echtem Zinnober und Ägyptischblau, einem Kupferpigment, konnte analytisch natürlicher Krapp (Rubia peregrina) als Farbstoff eines purpurfarbenen Pigmentes nachgewiesen werden. In antiker Malerei ist Krapp als Farbstoff bisher nur in sehr wenigen Fällen analytisch bestimmt worden. Ebenfalls äußerst selten fand sich bisher neutrales Bleikarbonat (Cerussit) in der Malerei, welches im vorliegenden Fall als Weißpigment diente. Erstmals wird hier über den Gebrauch von Jarosit, einem Gelbeisenerz, als gelbem Pigment in der Malerei berichtet. ␥ La examinación de la policromía original de una jofaina clásica griega de marmol del cuarto siglo A.C. descubrió unos pigmentos inusuales. Además de cinábrio natural, y el azul egípcio, el análisis ha indicado la presencia del colorante rubia natural (Rubia peregrina) en un pigmento morado. Esta es una de las pocas ocasiones en las cuales se ha podido establecer analíticamente el uso de la rubia como colorante en la pintura clásica. Se encontró que el pigmento blanco fué carbonato de plomo neutro (cerusita). El uso de este carbonato en la pintura es extremadamente raro. El pigmento amarillo fué identificado como 'misy' (jarosita). No so ha informado anteriormente sobre el uso de los jarositas y sulfatos de hierro como pigmentos en la pintura.", "publicationTitle": "Studies in Conservation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1995", "volume": "40", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "177-188", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2307/1506476", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00393630", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 1995 International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "EZ2N85QM", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/EZ2N85QM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/EZ2N85QM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Verhoeven", "parsedDate": "2008-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EZ2N85QM", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Imaging the invisible using modified digital still cameras for straightforward and low-cost archaeological near-infrared photography", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Geert", "lastName": "Verhoeven" } ], "abstractNote": "Analogue near-infrared (NIR) photography has already been used a lot in both scientific and medical photography, in which cases near-infrared (NIR) radiation was mostly captured by InfraRed (IR) sensitive plates or film emulsions. However, its use in archaeology has remained rather restricted, most likely due to some ignorance and/or lack of knowledge about this kind of photography, while the critical imaging process also severely limited its use. This situation could be, however, changed completely, as the image sensors used in digital still cameras (DSCs) are very sensitive to NIR wavelengths, making the quite lengthy and error-prone film-based NIR imaging process obsolete. Moreover, modifying off-the-shelf DSCs even simplifies this digital acquisition of NIR photographs to a very large extent. By starting with a general outline of the ElectroMagnetic (EM) spectrum and the specificities of NIR radiation, the base is laid out to tackle the possibilities and practicalities of archaeological NIR imaging, subsequently comparing the earlier film-based approach with the digital way of NIR shooting, showing how the latter can greatly benefit from modified compact, hybrid and small-format Single Lens Reflex (SLR) DSCs. Besides in-depth information on the technique of digital NIR photography, examples will illustrate its archaeological potential.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Archaeological Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2008", "volume": "35", "issue": "12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3087–3100", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jas.2008.06.012", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305440308001325", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "03054403", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "DMKD63VK", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/DMKD63VK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/DMKD63VK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Twain", "parsedDate": "1869", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DMKD63VK", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Innocents Abroad", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark", "lastName": "Twain" } ], "abstractNote": "This book is a record of a pleasure trip. If it were a record of a solemn scientific expedition, it would have about it that gravity, that profundity, and that impressive incomprehensibility which are so proper to works of that kind, and withal so attractive. Yet notwithstanding it is only a record of a pic-nic, it has a purpose, which is to suggest to the reader how he would be likely to see Europe and the East if he looked at them with his own eyes instead of the eyes of those who traveled in those countries before him. I make small pretense of showing anyone how he ought to look at objects of interest beyond the sea–other books do that, and therefore, even if I were competent to do it, there is no need. I offer no apologies for any departures from the usual style of travel- writing that may be charged against me–for I think I have seen with impartial eyes, and I am sure I have written at least honestly, whether wisely or not. In this volume I have used portions of letters which I wrote for the Daily Alta California, of San Francisco, the proprietors of that journal having waived their rights and given me the necessary permission. I have also inserted portions of several letters written for the New York Tribune and the New York Herald.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1869", "publisher": "", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "266", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "XX8SVNEX", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/XX8SVNEX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/XX8SVNEX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Torraca", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XX8SVNEX", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "Lectures on Materials Science for Architectural Conservation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giorgio", "lastName": "Torraca" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2009", "publisher": "", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "205", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publications/torraca.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "EQ3TJ7WF", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/EQ3TJ7WF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/EQ3TJ7WF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Scott et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EQ3TJ7WF", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Examination of some pigments, grounds and media from Egyptian cartonnage fragments in the Petrie Museum, University College London", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David A.", "lastName": "Scott" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sebastian", "lastName": "Warmlander" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joy", "lastName": "Mazurek" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen", "lastName": "Quirke" } ], "abstractNote": "A number of cartonnage fragments from the collections of the Petrie Museum, UCL, were examined to identify pigments, media and grounds. The different types of cartonnage made in ancient Egypt are reviewed. Special attention was paid to green pigments, which were shown to be of green earth, or a mixture of Egyptian blue and a yellow, usually goethite or orpiment. Green earth was found in one artefact, dated to the 9th century BC: all other examples were from the Graeco-Roman period. No copper-organometallic greens were present in the examples studied, or Egyptian green, or malachite. Binding media was identified both by ELISA and by GC/MS. A pink colourant was identified as madder, while lead white was used as a white in one example, showing the influence of Roman and Greek pigments on Egyptian art in these later periods. Plant gum, egg, and animal glue were found in different fragments, with mixed media in a few cases. Moganite was found associated with quartz in some preparatory layers by X-ray diffraction, which has not been reported previously as a constituent of ground layers in Egyptian artefacts.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Archaeological Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 2009", "volume": "36", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "923–932", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jas.2008.12.011", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2008.12.011 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440308003154 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305440308003154", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "03054403", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "R4GBCPQK", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/R4GBCPQK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/R4GBCPQK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sawicki", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "R4GBCPQK", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Practical implications of research into non-traditional in-gilding techniques: loss compensation in conservation of gilded objects", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Malgorzata", "lastName": "Sawicki" } ], "abstractNote": "The practice in the use of traditional gilding techniques for compensation of losses in gilded objects has long been questioned due to problems with visual and technical separation of the new in-gilding from the original substrate. Non-traditional gilding techniques as alternatives to traditional methods have been developed since the 1980s (Hebrard and Small, 1991; Thornton, 1991; Moyer and Hanlon, 1996; Bradley, 2000; Sawicki, 2000; Dunkerton, 2001; Sawicki, 2002; Dunkerton, 2003), but more research has been required in order to achieve greater certainty of their working properties.", "publicationTitle": "AICCM", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "30", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "63–69", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.aiccm.org.au/docs/Bulletin2006/Sawicki02_Bulletin_2006_Vol30.pdf", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "R4H3GX9Z", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/R4H3GX9Z", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/R4H3GX9Z", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rogge and Bezur", "parsedDate": "2012-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "R4H3GX9Z", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "An Investigation into the Creation, Stability, and X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Early Photographic Processes: An Upper-Level Undergraduate Laboratory", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Corina E", "lastName": "Rogge" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Aniko", "lastName": "Bezur" } ], "abstractNote": "Photography is one of the few fine art forms that were initially developed by scientists such as Herschel and Talbot; however, in the modern chemistry curriculum, photography has become divorced from its scientific beginnings and resides in the studio arts department of most universities. An upper-level undergraduate experiment is described in which students duplicate William Henry Fox Talbot's original silver-based photographic methods and analyze their prints by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The students are able to successfully make prints and experimentally confirm whether the prints had been halide stabilized, thiosulfate-fixed, or toned with sulfur, selenium, or gold. Their experimental results are discussed in the context of preservation of museum collections and photograph conservation. This experiment introduced students to the field of conservation science, where chemistry is applied to the investigation and preservation of artistic or cultural materials, activities that often involve the re-creation of historic techniques.", "publicationTitle": "JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 2012", "volume": "89", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "397–400", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1021/ed101185d", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0021-9584", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Analytical Chemistry" }, { "tag": "Chemistry" }, { "tag": "Undergraduate;" }, { "tag": "Upper-Division" }, { "tag": "Upper-Division Undergraduate" }, { "tag": "analytical" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "MSCTMESK", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/MSCTMESK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/MSCTMESK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Plesters and Roy", "parsedDate": "1993", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MSCTMESK", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Ultramarine blue, natural and artificial", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joyce", "lastName": "Plesters" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Roy" } ], "abstractNote": "The history, preparation, properties, composition, and methods of identification and characterization of natural and artificial ultramarine are given. Occurrences are listed. This chapter is a revised version of an article that appeared in Studies in conservation 11 (1966), 62-91 (see AATA 6-E1-72).", "publicationTitle": "Artists' pigments: a handbook of their history and characteristics. Volume 2", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1993", "volume": "11", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "37–65", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.bcin.ca/Interface/openbcin.cgi?submit=submit&Chinkey=178214", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "GZHCD5VS", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/GZHCD5VS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/GZHCD5VS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Padoan et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GZHCD5VS", "version": 2, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Quantitative Hyperspectral Imaging of Historical Documents: Technique and Application", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Padoan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "TAG", "lastName": "Steemers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "ME", "lastName": "Klein" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "BJ", "lastName": "Aalderink" } ], "abstractNote": "Hyperspectral imaging describes the technique of photographing an object using several well-defined optical bands in a broad spectral range. Using satellite- and aircraft-based instruments, macro-scale hyperspectral imaging is well established for geo-observation with applications in many different fields such as geology, archaeology and defence. Microscope-based hyperspectral instruments and analysis techniques are successfully employed in bio-medical research. In order to transfer this technique to a non-destructive analysis method of historical documents kept in archives and libraries, a dedicated instrument has been specifically designed by request of the Nationaal Archief (National Archive of the Netherlands). This novel tool provides fully calibrated spectral reflectance data at 70 wavelengths ranging from the near-UV (365 nm) via the visible into the near- infrared spectral region (1100 nm). Recordings are made over an area of 125 mm x 125 mm, using low-intensity wavelength-tunable light sources, while the temperature and relative humidity in the instrument measurement cabinet are constantly monitored. Even when recording all wavelength bands, a document is exposed for less than 15 minutes and analysis can be subsequently carried out using the digital dataset at any time for various purposes. This guarantees that the instrument is a completely non-invasive tool that can be applied safely even to objects of great value. Quantitative analysis of the extracted calibrated data can be performed, using chemometric methods, to identify writing materials such as inks and pigments to map their concentrations and to monitor the aging processes over various substrates. Excellent results have been obtained for distinguishing various inks, enhancing the contrast of watermarks and improve legibility of faded, or hidden text, even on carbonised paper. Current studies concentrate on the identification, quantification and monitoring of damages present on archival material before and after exposition and during storage conditions, such as biological damages, metal gall inks corrosion, paper oxidation, and pigments fading.", "proceedingsTitle": "ART Proceedings", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "25–30", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ndt.net/article/art2008/papers/097Padoan.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "SNARGSES", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/SNARGSES", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/SNARGSES", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Musumarra and Fichera", "parsedDate": "1998-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SNARGSES", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Chemometrics and cultural heritage", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giuseppe", "lastName": "Musumarra" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maria", "lastName": "Fichera" } ], "abstractNote": "An overview of application of chemometrics for the characterization and conservation of cultural heritage is provided. The principal component analysis (PCA) of painted plasters acid soluble components and aggregate granulometric distributions and multivariate characterization of the mass spectral and of the amino acid `fingerprints' of proteinaceous binding media in mural paintings of the Cupola of Florence Cathedral points out the differences in both plasters and binders used by Vasari from those used by Zuccari, evidencing the peculiarities in the painting technique adopted by each artist. Multivariate image analysis of biodeteriorated calcarenite samples envisages the possibility to detect incipient attack by specific biodeteriogens using non invasive analytical methodologies.", "publicationTitle": "Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 1998", "volume": "44", "issue": "1-2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "363–372", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/S0169-7439(98)00069-0", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/92122566 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169743998000690", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01697439", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "biodeteriogens" }, { "tag": "chemometrics" }, { "tag": "cupola of florence cathedral" }, { "tag": "paint binders" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "SXTV3UJX", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/SXTV3UJX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/SXTV3UJX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mody", "parsedDate": "1940", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SXTV3UJX", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Book Review: Japanese Lacquer", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "NHN", "lastName": "Mody" } ], "abstractNote": "Monsieur Gonse, the eminent French connoisseur and art critic, speaking of the superb quality of old Japanese lacquer, says: \"Japanese lacquered objects are the most perfect works of art that have ever issued from the hands of man\". This may seem high praise, but to those who have had the opportunity and the privilege of making a study of Japanese lacquer as represented by the work of the best artists, there is no exaggeration in M. Gonse's eulogy. The history of Japanese lacquer commences about the year 600 A.D. Know- ledge of lacquer and the lacquering process first came to Japan from China, by way of Korea, along with the Buddhist religion. The earliest known examples of ornamental lacquer produced in Japan are preserved in the T/Jdaiji and Sh/Js/Jin Temples in Nara. These pieces date from the sixth and eighth centuries. The temples in Nara are Buddhist, and the early specimens of lacquer found there were in all probability brought to the temple by believers. The ∼arliest specimen of gold lacquer is the scabbard of the sword belonging to the Emperor Seimu.", "publicationTitle": "Monumenta Nipponica", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1940", "volume": "3", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "291–294", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "F77D47M6", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/F77D47M6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/F77D47M6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mcgeough", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "F77D47M6", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Heroes, Mummies, and Treasure: Near Eastern Archaeology in the Movies", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kevin", "lastName": "Mcgeough" } ], "abstractNote": "The general public has associated Near Eastern archae- ology with adventure from the very beginnings of this discipline.1 In the ill-fated expeditions to the Bible lands sent by Frederick V of Denmark, the adventure tales of Austen Henry Layard, and the romantic illustrations of the Napoleonic expedition, Near Eastern archaeologists' own narratives have invoked images of danger and excitement for public consumption. These narratives were deliberately provided to the public and have remained very much a part of the public conception of archaeology, promoted by nation- states, corporations, and archaeologists themselves. Yet, after World War II and concomitant with the rise of scientific archaeology, these kinds of narratives were abandoned by archaeologists. Rather, archaeologists began cultivating narratives of scientific distance and positivist objectivity. For the public at large, however, archaeology remained a romantic, adventurous occupation, remote from its own daily experi- ence, yet easily accessible through popular media such as magazines, documentaries, and museum exhibits—media in which the early romantic narratives could still be found. As popular and academic communication styles diverged, so to did the public's perception of archaeology—especially Near Eastern archaeology—diverge from the realities of the academic discipline. Cinema is one place where this pre-processualist vision of archaeology continues to thrive in the public imagination and where there is a significant difference between the public face and the professional realities of archaeology. Archaeologists react either very positively or very negatively to these imagined renderings of their discipline. For example, Shelly Lowenkopf takes a typically hostile stance towards Indiana Jones, arguably the most influential cinematic archaeologist. Lowenkopf refers to Indiana Jones as \"an unfortunate paradigm\" since his training and methodology were not emphasized in the films.2 Some archaeologists, however, respond very positively and even make the claim to be \"the real Indiana Jones,\" leaving other archaeologists feeling at best uncomfortable and at worst angry since for many within archaeology, this adventurous image is seen as a negative.3 With archaeologists so quick to discount or accept the portrayal of the discipline in the movies, they have missed an opportunity to come to a greater understanding of the social messages communicated about archaeology to the public at large. While popular audiences may not take away messages from films about scientific techniques and excavation strategies, they are likely to take away important messages about who archaeologists are, why they do what they do, and how relationships to the past are constituted. By studying the representations of archaeology in film, it should be possible for archaeologists better to understand the public's perception of their work and to communicate archaeological knowledge more effectively to popular audiences.", "publicationTitle": "Near Eastern Archaeology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "69", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "174–185", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "KRMBQ9M3", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/KRMBQ9M3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/KRMBQ9M3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Maish", "parsedDate": "1995", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KRMBQ9M3", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Interpretation of Ancient Artistry: Conservation of a Gold Wreath from the Fourth Century B.C.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeffrey P.", "lastName": "Maish" } ], "abstractNote": "The treatment of a Greek/Macedonian gold wreath from the fourth century B.C. brought forth many of the issues confronted by conservators of ancient materials. Different philosophical tenets influence current approaches to a particular treatment. The re-establishment of an understanding of intent for the ancient wreath rests on information offered by an external archaeological/art historical context, including purpose, context, parallels, and history, and more internal artifactual contex, including authenticity, level of completion, technical features, and logic or aesthetic. The process of technical and condition documentation helped clarify several issues and concerns in the course of treatment.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of the American Institute for Conservation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1995", "volume": "34", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "113", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3179734?origin=crossref", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01971360", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "JMC5KM64", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/JMC5KM64", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/JMC5KM64", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Loy", "parsedDate": "1990", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "JMC5KM64", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Accelerator radiocarbon dating of human blood proteins in pigments from Late Pleistocene art sites in Australia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T. H.", "lastName": "Loy" } ], "abstractNote": "Absolute dating of rock paintings has always used an indirect means, generally by dating material in strata sealing or overlying the pictures. AMS dating of very small carbon samples now allows direct determination of the age of an organic portion in the matter of the picture itself. Human blood protein has been detected as a constituent of red pigments at two Australian rock-art locations: a limestone cave, Judds Cavern in southwestern Tasmania; and in sandstone rockshelters along Laurie Creek in the Wingate Mountains of northwestern Northern Territory. Proteinaceous extracts of these pigments were radiocarbon dated by the accelerator method and yielded late Pleistocene dates. This is the first time that prehistoric art pigment in Australia has been directly dated. These successful preliminary results suggest a new approach to questions of the antiquity and chronology of rock-art sites. -from Authors", "publicationTitle": "Antiquity", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1990", "volume": "64", "issue": "242", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "110-116", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-598X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "XKNCZXQJ", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/XKNCZXQJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/XKNCZXQJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Leisen", "parsedDate": "2002-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "XKNCZXQJ", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Contour Scaling: the disfiguring disease of Angkor Wat reliefs", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hans", "lastName": "Leisen" } ], "abstractNote": "The temples of the Angkor region and their reliefs are some of the world’s most outstanding works of art in stone – Angkor Wat being the biggest and the most important. This temple is famous for the bas- reliefs in the galleries of the third enclosure. The temple walls are covered with a multitude of reliefs, showing mythological scenes, divinities (Devatas), and celestial dancers (Apsaras) as well as floral patterns. However, owing to the fact that all the reliefs and decorated parts were carved directly in situ, and that the building materials used were laterite for substructure and sandstone for the visible parts, the temple walls that are exposed to weathering are now at alarming levels of damage.", "publicationTitle": "Museum International", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2002", "volume": "54", "issue": "1-2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "85–92", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/1468-0033.00370", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-0033.00370 http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1468-0033.00370", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "13500775", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "TWCBFHG5", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/TWCBFHG5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/TWCBFHG5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Inkpen and May", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TWCBFHG5", "version": 2, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Chapter 9 Stone", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Inkpen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eric", "lastName": "May" } ], "abstractNote": "Degradation of stonework is a major aesthetic and economic problem for his- torical buildings as well as for contemporary buildings. Oxford University, for example, recently spent £3.2 million renovating Duke Humfrey’s Library and other rooms in the Bodleian Library (The Guardian, 22 April 2003, Joel Budd). The nature of degradation can vary from simple discolouration of the surface to the development of micro-scale weathering forms through to potentially structurally-damaging changes. Degradation can be viewed as a general term covering both the weathering of stone, that is, its alteration in situ, and the removal of weathering products arising from erosional processes. Often in the scientific literature, weathering and erosion are used interchangeably. Both types of processes are needed to alter stone material and then remove it from the buildings, so conservation practices have looked at means of pre- venting each set of processes. Evaluating the stage at which degradation becomes a problem requiring remedial measures depends upon its identification as a problem by appropriate building surveyors or architects and the feasibility, often economics, of available conservation measures. Conservators often find an important problem, for conservation must address the variable nature of both the material itself as well as the response of the material to weathering processes and agents. Variation in stone properties and in the nature of the weathering agents that attack it often result in complicated patterns of deter- ioration across a building, as well as periods of apparently accelerated degrada- tion and periods of seeming quiet. This chapter provides a simple framework for looking at stone degradation and then uses this to assess in greater detail the relative contribution of different factors to the development of distinct types and patterns of degradation.Viewing stone degradation within this framework it becomes easier to identify the types of conservation measures that may be appropriate to particular types of degradation.", "bookTitle": "Conservation science: heritage materials", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2003", "publisher": "", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "212", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } }, { "key": "IVKEG3CE", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 68765, "name": "Artists' Materials-Ancient and Modern", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/68765/items/IVKEG3CE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/artists_materials-ancient_and_modern/items/IVKEG3CE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 847428, "username": "edoehne", "name": "Eric Doehne", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edoehne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hradil et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IVKEG3CE", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Clay and iron oxide pigments in the history of painting", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Hradil" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tomá\\vs", "lastName": "Grygar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Janka", "lastName": "Hradilová" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Petr", "lastName": "Bezdi\\vcka" } ], "abstractNote": "Clay minerals and iron oxides are intimately related in the process of their natural formation. Their mineralogical composition and physical properties correspond to the physical–chemical conditions of weathering, sedimentation and alteration processes by means of which these minerals are associated giving different types of laterites, ferrolites, ochres, and coloured clays and soils. Very early in human history, these and other clay materials were adopted as mineral pigments. Their structural and mineralogical features are directly related with their natural genesis and provenance and help us in the study of historical painting techniques and materials. This paper gives general information about geological sources and their characteristics, the literary evidence of use of different forms of earthy pigments on historical paintings, about analytical methods suitable in their identification within the ground and colour layers of the painting, and handling with the samples of works of art. The examples focused preferentially on the period of European mediaeval and baroque painting.", "publicationTitle": "Applied Clay Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 2003", "volume": "22", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "223–236", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/S0169-1317(03)00076-0", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169131703000760", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01691317", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "1" }, { "tag": "different domains with different" }, { "tag": "earthy pigments" }, { "tag": "general outlines and terms" }, { "tag": "ground and colour layers" }, { "tag": "historical painting" }, { "tag": "natural sciences are apparently" }, { "tag": "ochres" }, { "tag": "pigment characterisation" }, { "tag": "tasks" }, { "tag": "the fine arts and" }, { "tag": "tools and" }, { "tag": "works of art" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-02T22:19:04Z" } } ]