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E.", "lastName": "Grantham" } ], "abstractNote": "Pacific Bell conducted a trial of The Coordinator, a tool for computer-supported cooperative work. The trial group had diverse job functions and was dispersed across a variety of geographical locations and computing environments. The trial attempted to both measure the effectiveness of The Coordinator as a communications tool and to evaluate the speech act communications paradigm on which it is based. Only the first of these two goals was realized. Changes in subjects' cognition were assessed using a series of semantic differential scales. One negative cognitive shift was supported by the data. However, the anecdotal evidence was far more negative, suggesting that the experimental methodology be enhanced to include measurement of affective dimensions of group dynamics. Implementation and support for cooperative work systems were found to be more difficult than anticipated. The test group was not convinced that The Coordinator offered functionality that was worth the effort involved in learning to use the product. An improved interface, more flexible terminology, and better implementation support is needed for successful installation of The Coordinator, or similar products.", "proceedingsTitle": "Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "ACM", "place": "New York, NY, USA", "date": "1988", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "61–66", "series": "CHI '88", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1145/57167.57177", "ISBN": "0-201-14237-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/57167.57177", "accessDate": "2012-11-06T22:30:06Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACM Digital Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-06T22:30:06Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-06T22:30:06Z" } }, { "key": "X3V3NWNQ", "version": 22, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65060, "name": "consensus process", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65060/items/X3V3NWNQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process/items/X3V3NWNQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65060/items/GTCJNTMN", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 31158, "username": "tryrt", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tryrt", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "X3V3NWNQ", "version": 22, "parentItem": "GTCJNTMN", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "ACM Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2012-11-06T22:30:06Z", "url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=57177&type=pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-06T22:30:06Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-06T22:30:06Z" } }, { "key": "3WFTG345", "version": 22, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65060, "name": "consensus process", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65060/items/3WFTG345", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process/items/3WFTG345", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65060/items/ZBNW78HS", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 31158, "username": "tryrt", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tryrt", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "3WFTG345", "version": 22, "parentItem": "ZBNW78HS", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Google Books Link", "accessDate": "2012-11-06T21:42:04Z", "url": "http://books.google.com/books?id=rRNWZ-YV1J8C", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-06T21:42:32Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-06T21:42:32Z" } }, { "key": "ZBNW78HS", "version": 22, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65060, "name": "consensus process", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65060/items/ZBNW78HS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process/items/ZBNW78HS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 31158, "username": "tryrt", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tryrt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cornell", "parsedDate": "2011-04-12", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZBNW78HS", "version": 22, "itemType": "book", "title": "Oppose and Propose: Lessons from Movement for a New Society", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew", "lastName": "Cornell" } ], "abstractNote": "Where do the tactics, strategies, and lifestyles of today's activists come from? Many ways of doing radical politics pioneered by Movement for a New Society in the 1970s and 1980s have become central to anti-authoritarian social movements: consensus decision making, spokescouncils, communal living, unlearning oppressive behavior, and co-operatively owned businesses. Andrew Cornell's important contribution to US political history uses this story to raise crucial questions for activists today. Oppose and Propose is an engaging and accessible study, every page offers new insights.Andrew Cornell's work appears in Letters from Young Activists and The University Against Itself. He helps produce the quarterly anti-capitalist magazine Left Turn.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2011-04-12", "publisher": "AK Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "226", "ISBN": "9781849350662", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Oppose and Propose", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "History / Social History", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Political Science / Political Ideologies / Anarchism", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-06T21:42:32Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-06T21:42:32Z" } }, { "key": "RAAIZ3DD", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65060, "name": "consensus process", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65060/items/RAAIZ3DD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process/items/RAAIZ3DD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 31158, "username": "tryrt", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tryrt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Orlikowski", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RAAIZ3DD", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Using Technology and Constituting Structures: A Practice Lens for Studying Technology in Organizations", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wanda J.", "lastName": "Orlikowski" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Resources, Co-Evolution and Artifacts", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2008", "publisher": "Springer London", "place": "London", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "255-305", "ISBN": "978-1-84628-900-2", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.springerlink.com/content/r21881t5637408h5/", "accessDate": "2011-05-12T16:35:20Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Using Technology and Constituting Structures", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-26T14:59:33Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-26T14:59:33Z" } }, { "key": "65A3FU9I", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65060, "name": "consensus process", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65060/items/65A3FU9I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process/items/65A3FU9I", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 31158, "username": "tryrt", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tryrt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kock", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "65A3FU9I", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Encyclopedia of e-collaboration", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ned F.", "lastName": "Kock" } ], "abstractNote": "\"This encyclopedia provides the most comprehensive compilation of information on the design and implementation of e-collaboration technologies, their behavioral impact on individuals and groups, and theoretical considerations on links between the use of e-collaboration technology and behavioral patterns. It delivers indispensable content to libraries and researchers looking to develop programs of investigation into the use of e-collaboration\"--Provided by publisher.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2008", "publisher": "Idea Group Inc (IGI)", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "751", "ISBN": "9781599040004", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Business & Economics / Leadership", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Business & Economics / Project Management", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Business & Economics / Workplace Culture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Computers / Information Technology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Computers / Social Aspects / Human-Computer Interaction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Computers / Web / General", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Human-computer interaction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Information technology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Project management", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Virtual work teams", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-26T13:53:27Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-26T14:58:42Z" } }, { "key": "U6P32K4T", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65060, "name": "consensus process", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65060/items/U6P32K4T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process/items/U6P32K4T", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65060/items/JSMGE2SH", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 31158, "username": "tryrt", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tryrt", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "U6P32K4T", "version": 1, "parentItem": "JSMGE2SH", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2012-10-26T14:58:24Z", "url": "http://orgsci.journal.informs.org/content/5/2/121.full.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-26T14:58:24Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-26T14:58:24Z" } }, { "key": "JSMGE2SH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65060, "name": "consensus process", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65060/items/JSMGE2SH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process/items/JSMGE2SH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 31158, "username": "tryrt", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tryrt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "DeSanctis and Poole", "parsedDate": "1994-05-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "JSMGE2SH", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Capturing the Complexity in Advanced Technology Use: Adaptive Structuration Theory", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gerardine", "lastName": "DeSanctis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marshall Scott", "lastName": "Poole" } ], "abstractNote": "The past decade has brought advanced information technologies, which include electronic messaging systems, executive information systems, collaborative systems, group decision support systems, and other technologies that use sophisticated information management to enable multiparty participation in organization activities. Developers and users of these systems hold high hopes for their potential to change organizations for the better, but actual changes often do not occur, or occur inconsistently. We propose adaptive structuration theory (AST) as a viable approach for studying the role of advanced information technologies in organization change. AST examines the change process from two vantage points: (1) the types of structures that are provided by advanced technologies, and (2) the structures that actually emerge in human action as people interact with these technologies. To illustrate the principles of AST, we consider the small group meeting and the use of a group decision support system (GDSS). A GDSS is an interesting technology for study because it can be structured in a myriad of ways, and social interaction unfolds as the GDSS is used. Both the structure of the technology and the emergent structure of social action can be studied.\nWe begin by positioning AST among competing theoretical perspectives of technology and change. Next, we describe the theoretical roots and scope of the theory as it is applied to GDSS use and state the essential assumptions, concepts, and propositions of AST. We outline an analytic strategy for applying AST principles and provide an illustration of how our analytic approach can shed light on the impacts of advanced technologies on organizations. A major strength of AST is that it expounds the nature of social structures within advanced information technologies and the key interaction processes that figure in their use. By capturing these processes and tracing their impacts, we can reveal the complexity of technology-organization relationships. We can attain a better understanding of how to implement technologies, and we may also be able to develop improved designs or educational programs that promote productive adaptations.", "publicationTitle": "Organization Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "05/01/1994", "volume": "5", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "121-147", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Organization Science", "DOI": "10.1287/orsc.5.2.121", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://orgsci.journal.informs.org/content/5/2/121", "accessDate": "2012-10-26T14:58:24Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1047-7039, 1526-5455", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Capturing the Complexity in Advanced Technology Use", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "orgsci.journal.informs.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Information technology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "structural theory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "technology impacts", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-26T14:58:24Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-26T14:58:24Z" } }, { "key": "X4IU8AT4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65060, "name": "consensus process", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65060/items/X4IU8AT4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process/items/X4IU8AT4", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65060/items/JSMGE2SH", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 31158, "username": "tryrt", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tryrt", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "X4IU8AT4", "version": 1, "parentItem": "JSMGE2SH", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-10-26T14:58:24Z", "url": "http://orgsci.journal.informs.org/content/5/2/121.short", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-26T14:58:24Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-26T14:58:24Z" } }, { "key": "D73RX8V6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65060, "name": "consensus process", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65060/items/D73RX8V6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process/items/D73RX8V6", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65060/items/2RVJ4HBH", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 31158, "username": "tryrt", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tryrt", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "D73RX8V6", "version": 1, "parentItem": "2RVJ4HBH", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "ACM Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2012-10-26T14:57:27Z", "url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=45943&type=pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-26T14:57:27Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-26T14:57:27Z" } }, { "key": "2RVJ4HBH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65060, "name": "consensus process", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65060/items/2RVJ4HBH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process/items/2RVJ4HBH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 31158, "username": "tryrt", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tryrt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Flores et al.", "parsedDate": "1988-04", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "2RVJ4HBH", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Computer systems and the design of organizational interaction", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fernando", "lastName": "Flores" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Graves" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brad", "lastName": "Hartfield" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Terry", "lastName": "Winograd" } ], "abstractNote": "The goal of this paper is to relate theory to invention and application in the design of systems for organizational communication and management. We propose and illustrate a theory of design, technology, and action that we believe has been missing in the mainstream of work on office systems. At the center of our thinking is a theory of language as social action, which differs from the generally taken-for-granted understandings of what goes on in an organization. This approach has been presented elsewhere, and our aim here is to examine its practical implications and assess its effectiveness in the design of The Coordinator, a workgroup productivity system that is in widespread commercial use on personal computers.", "publicationTitle": "ACM Trans. Inf. Syst.", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 1988", "volume": "6", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "153–172", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1145/45941.45943", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/45941.45943", "accessDate": "2012-10-26T14:57:27Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1046-8188", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACM Digital Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-26T14:57:27Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-26T14:57:27Z" } }, { "key": "H9QNPMBG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65060, "name": "consensus process", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65060/items/H9QNPMBG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/consensus_process/items/H9QNPMBG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 31158, "username": "tryrt", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tryrt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "DiMicco et al.", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "H9QNPMBG", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Impact of Increased Awareness While Face-to-Face", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joan Morris", "lastName": "DiMicco" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katherine J.", "lastName": "Hollenbach" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anna", "lastName": "Pandolfo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Walter", "lastName": "Bender" } ], "abstractNote": "ABSTRACT This article presents Second Messenger, a system of dynamic awareness displays that reveal speaker participation patterns in a face-to-face discussion. The system has been used by a variety of groups during face-to-face meetings, increasing individuals' awareness of their own and others' participation in discussions. Experimental results indicate that these displays influence the amount an individual participates in a discussion and the process of information sharing used during a decision-making task. 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