[ { "key": "ECFBB77A", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/ECFBB77A", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/ECFBB77A", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Health Organisation", "parsedDate": "1991-06-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ECFBB77A", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Guiding principles on human organ transplantation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "World Health Organisation" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "The Lancet", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 15, 1991", "volume": "337", "issue": "8755", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1470-1471", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/0140-6736(91)93150-8", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T1B-49K5FPN-6R/2/b474ff3a4c860a1f9ec925a82215777e", "accessDate": "2009-03-28T23:47:06Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0140-6736", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:33Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:33Z" } }, { "key": "ZJU9NJTA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/ZJU9NJTA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/ZJU9NJTA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Surman et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZJU9NJTA", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The market of human organs: A window into a poorly understood global business", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "OS", "lastName": "Surman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Saidi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Purtilo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Simmerling" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Ko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "TF", "lastName": "Burke" } ], "abstractNote": "The global demand for human organs has set the stage, for an exploding and poorly understood global business in human organs. Whenever there is demand for a product, the opportunity for business arises. The form that a business takes is dependent on a complex network of inputs and outputs, each affecting the others. Historically, the details of any specific market are drastically underestimated. Nowhere is this truer than in the market of human organs. The drivers, which propel the \"goods\" of human organs, form a flourishing business. Critical analysis is essential to understanding of the supply and demand sides and to determine the role of government in regulating the industry. Governmental groups have dismissed formation of a regulated market for organ sales. The concept is nonetheless a topic of active discussion, motivated by the suffering of patients in need of organs and exploitation of the victims of human trafficking. Ethical principles have been invoked on each side of the ensuing debate. Theory in the absence of sufficient data is shaky ground for enactment of new policy. The Aristotelian concept of \"practical wisdom\" and the pragmatism of William James illuminate the importance of scientific investigation as guide to policy formation. How will stakeholders benefit or lose? What impact might be anticipated in regard to organized medicine's social contract? What can we learn about cross-cultural differences and their effect on the global landscape?", "publicationTitle": "Transplantation Proceedings", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 2008", "volume": "40", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "491-493", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.02.019", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=3Cb2HPi8@iMn@7o9mbO&page=2&doc=17", "accessDate": "2009-03-17T16:54:51Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0041-1345", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The market of human organs", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:33Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:33Z" } }, { "key": "NITQ98IK", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/NITQ98IK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/NITQ98IK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Simmerling et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NITQ98IK", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The commercialization of human organs for transplantation: the current status of the ethical debate", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Simmerling" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P", "lastName": "Angelos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Franklin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Abecassis" } ], "abstractNote": "Purpose of review Whether financial or other incentives for organs should be allowed or prohibited is one of the most challenging ethical issues facing the transplant community. This review provides an overview of the current status of the ethical debate on this issue. Recent findings Currently, the buying and selling of organs from either living or deceased donors is legally prohibited in many parts of the world in order both to prevent the commercialization of organs and to ensure some level of equity of access to organ transplantation. Still, a number of proposals have been put forth in recent years suggesting that some form of financial compensation (e.g. direct payment, reimbursement, tax credits) Or other 'moral' incentives (e.g. honorary medals) should be permitted or explored. An emerging issue that has recently received considerable attention is public solicitation of organs from living and deceased donors through commercial venues, which is seen by some as a potential means for the wealthy to gain an unfair advantage in obtaining an organ. Summary This review tracks the ethical debate regarding the commercialization of organs along a 'commercialization continuum', with direct payment for organs at one end and public solicitation at the other.", "publicationTitle": "CURRENT OPINION IN ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "APR 2006", "volume": "11", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "130-135", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=16&SID=3Ekl9HPpBfaOBcJaOBG&page=1&doc=1", "accessDate": "2009-03-28T16:56:23Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1087-2418", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The commercialization of human organs for transplantation", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:33Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:33Z" } }, { "key": "PABDU7A9", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/PABDU7A9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/PABDU7A9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Shih et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PABDU7A9", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Ethical Issues of Organ Transplantation in Chinese Community: Perspectives of Health Professionals, Legal Professionals, and Religious Experts in Taiwan and Mainland China", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "FJ", "lastName": "Shih" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "SH", "lastName": "Chu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "RB", "lastName": "Hsu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "HJ", "lastName": "Weng" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "SS", "lastName": "Wang" } ], "abstractNote": "Objective. This study aimed to compare the perspectives of leading ethical issues related to organ transplantation as perceived by health professionals (HP), legal professionals (LP), and religious experts (RE) from Taiwan (TW) and Mainland China (MC). Materials and Methods. A purposive sample including TW's organ transplant health professionals (OTHP), LP, and RE and MC's HP was obtained in this qualitative research. Data were analyzed by content analysis. Results. A total of 127 subjects participated in this project (n = 119 in TW, 8 in MC). They were HP (n = 92), RE (n = 25 TW), and LP (n = 10 TW). Seven ethical dilemmas were reported: (1) difficulties in touching the hearts of the public (HP 100%, LP 100%, RE 100%); (2) challenges in helping donors and their families (HP 96%, RE 80%, LP 50%); (3) competence and availability of HP (HP 93%, RE 72%, LP 50%); (4) questionable social farewell (HP 92%, RE 20%, LP 100%); (5) questionable legitimacy of prisoners' motivations (LP 90%, RE 64%, HP 60%); (6) worry about public discrimination (LP 90%, HP 50%, RE 20%); and (7) challenges to families in taking care of the recipients (HP 87%, LP 70%, RE 52%). Conclusions. To provide holistic care, HP need to invite RE to provide spiritual support for the donors of cadaveric organs, recipients, and their families. Reliable LP can help them to complete the sophisticated legal procedures. With help from this triangulated collaborative team, the value of organ transplantation will be appreciated by the public.", "publicationTitle": "TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JAN-FEB 2009", "volume": "41", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "17-19", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.10.048", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://0-apps.isiknowledge.com.ilsprod.lib.neu.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=1Fck4LpdmmjOcn2G6@d&page=1&doc=1", "accessDate": "2009-03-17T16:38:52Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0041-1345", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Ethical Issues of Organ Transplantation in Chinese Community", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:33Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:33Z" } }, { "key": "U7AI432E", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/U7AI432E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/U7AI432E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sajjad et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "U7AI432E", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Commercialization of kidney transplants: A systematic review of outcomes in recipients and donors", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I", "lastName": "Sajjad" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "LS", "lastName": "Baines" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P", "lastName": "Patel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "MO", "lastName": "Salifu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "RM", "lastName": "Jindal" } ], "abstractNote": "In this study we systematically reviewed outcomes in recipients and donors of commercial kidney transplants. Inherent in a study of this nature is the possibility of center and country bias, in particular there are no publications from China and South America. Publications also tended to report poor outcomes which may reflect bias on the part of the authors or to highlight the ethical issues in this area. We were unable to perform a meta-analysis due to variability in studies making it impossible to synthesize the data other than descriptive. Furthermore, these studies were not large or well conducted. We found that patient and graft survival was generally inferior to the data obtained from the UNOS (United Network for Organ Sharing). Some studies did achieve good outcomes, however, due to lack of details, it was not possible to infer if the donor hospital, surgical technique or immunosuppressive regimen was a factor. There was a higher incidence of unconventional and life-threatening infections such as malaria, invasive fungal infections, pneumonia, HIV and hepatitis. There was also a markedly increased incidence of postoperative surgical interventions in recipients. We suggest the establishment of a database for both recipients and donors to identify unique surgical, medical, infectious and immunosuppressive protocols for the recipients and donors in these hospitals. This could lead to better liaison between the recipient and donor hospitals so that modern surgical and medical practices can be implemented. There should also be improved emotional and psychological support to both the recipient and the donor. However, these steps could be seen as condoning the reprehensible practice of commercialization of human body parts. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.", "publicationTitle": "AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "28", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "744-754", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1159/000128606", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=3Cb2HPi8@iMn@7o9mbO&page=1&doc=10", "accessDate": "2009-03-17T16:52:26Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0250-8095", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Commercialization of kidney transplants", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:33Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:33Z" } }, { "key": "RSNDW34H", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/RSNDW34H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/RSNDW34H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Surman et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RSNDW34H", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Regulating the sale of human organs: a discussion in context with the global market", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "OS", "lastName": "Surman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Saidi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "TF", "lastName": "Burke" } ], "abstractNote": "Purpose of review Insufficient availability of human organs for transplantation has given rise to a flourishing global market. This review addresses current thinking and practical considerations regarding legalization of organ sales. Recent findings Increasing competition for human organs has led to egregious human rights violations. Governmental proscription of organ sales has failed to slow this process. Organ sales in China and the regulated market in Iran have received much attention. Some believe that a regulated market is an ethical vehicle for shortening waiting lists and decreasing illegal organ sales. Others consider it a blow to human dignity and to altruistic donation. There is alternative support toward reimbursing living donors for their financial losses. The World Health Organization advocates increased reliance on cadaver donor transplantation. Some countries have enacted presumed consent laws that have increased cadaver organ donation. In the USA an Organ Breakthrough Collaborative has generated comparable success. Summary Serious discussion continues with regard to regulated sale of human organs. There is increased interest in reimbursement for living organ donation. Research is needed to elucidate workings of the global organ market, and to assess attitudes about stakeholders with regard to proposed changes in transplantation policy.", "publicationTitle": "Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "APR 2008", "volume": "13", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "196-201", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=3Cb2HPi8@iMn@7o9mbO&page=2&doc=19", "accessDate": "2009-03-17T16:58:14Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1087-2418", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Regulating the sale of human organs", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:33Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:33Z" } }, { "key": "UEX4B4A4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/UEX4B4A4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/UEX4B4A4", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/TUDS3XAE", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UEX4B4A4", "version": 1, "parentItem": "TUDS3XAE", "itemType": "note", "note": "

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", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z" } }, { "key": "XCSU75VM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/XCSU75VM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/XCSU75VM", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/T5VIFIAI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XCSU75VM", "version": 1, "parentItem": "T5VIFIAI", "itemType": "note", "note": "

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", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z" } }, { "key": "7CU7GETA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/7CU7GETA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/7CU7GETA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Matas", "parsedDate": "2006-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7CU7GETA", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Why we should develop a regulated system of kidney sales: A call for action!", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "AJ", "lastName": "Matas" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 2006", "volume": "1", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1129-1132", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2215/CJN.02940806", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=2&SID=3Ekl9HPpBfaOBcJaOBG&page=1&doc=1", "accessDate": "2009-03-28T16:43:26Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1046-6673", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Why we should develop a regulated system of kidney sales", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z" } }, { "key": "KIIAJ25F", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/KIIAJ25F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/KIIAJ25F", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Friedman and Friedman", "parsedDate": "2006-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KIIAJ25F", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Payment for donor kidneys: Pros and cons", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "EA", "lastName": "Friedman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "AL", "lastName": "Friedman" } ], "abstractNote": "Continuous growth of the end stage renal disease population treated by dialysis, outpaces deceased donor kidneys available, lengthens the waiting time for a deceased donor transplant. As estimated by the United States Department of Health & Human Services: '17 people die each day waiting for transplants that can't take place because of the shortage of donated organs.' Strategies to expand the donor pool - public relations campaigns and Drivers' license designation - have been mainly unsuccessful. Although illegal in most nations, and viewed as unethical by professional medical organizations, the voluntary sale of purchased donor kidneys now accounts for thousands of black market transplants. The case for legalizing kidney purchase hinges on the key premise that individuals are entitled to control of their body parts even to the point of inducing risk of life. One approach to expanding the pool of kidney donors is to legalize payment of a fair market price of about $40 000 to donors. Establishing a federal agency to manage marketing and purchase of donor kidneys in collaboration with the United Network for Organ Sharing might be financially self-sustaining as reduction in costs of dialysis balances the expense of payment to donors.", "publicationTitle": "Kidney International", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 2006", "volume": "69", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "960-962", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1038/sj.ki.5000262", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=9&SID=3Ekl9HPpBfaOBcJaOBG&page=1&doc=2", "accessDate": "2009-03-28T16:46:18Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0085-2538", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Payment for donor kidneys", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", 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"creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "JD", "lastName": "Briggs" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "FEB 1996", "volume": "11", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "238-240", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=3Cb2HPi8@iMn@7o9mbO&page=5&doc=46", "accessDate": "2009-03-17T17:16:31Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0931-0509", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z" } }, { "key": "TSFKUJWR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/TSFKUJWR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/TSFKUJWR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Beholz and Kipke", "parsedDate": "2007-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TSFKUJWR", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Death Penalty and Organ Transplantation in China: The Role of Academic Heart Surgeons", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sven", "lastName": "Beholz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roland", "lastName": "Kipke" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 2007", "volume": "26", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "873-875", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.healun.2007.06.002", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VSG-4P8H89J-1/2/5ddaf8804e355ccfde580c3a4a20bcbb", "accessDate": "2009-03-17T17:06:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1053-2498", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Death Penalty and Organ Transplantation in China", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z" } }, { "key": "UJM53E3T", "version": 1, "library": { "type": 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Accession Number: 5789300; Cohen, Bernard G Persijn, Guido Vanrenterghem, Yves; Source Info: Feb2000, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p28; Subject Term: TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc.; Subject Term: LEGISLATION; Subject Term: ECONOMIC aspects; Subject Term: EUROPE; Author-Supplied Keyword: commerce; Author-Supplied Keyword: media; Author-Supplied Keyword: organ donation; Author-Supplied Keyword: organ exchange organizations; Author-Supplied Keyword: transplantation; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article

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Accession Number: 4859055; Becker, Carl; Source Info: Jul99, Vol. 13 Issue 3/4,; Subject Term: TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc.; Subject Term: BRAIN death; Subject Term: MEDICAL ethics; Subject Term: ECONOMIC aspects; Subject Term: MORAL & ethical aspects; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3131

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z" } }, { "key": "IMCI94D9", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/IMCI94D9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/IMCI94D9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rothman and Rothman", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IMCI94D9", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Hidden Cost of Organ Sale", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "SM", "lastName": "Rothman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "DJ", "lastName": "Rothman" } ], "abstractNote": "The idea of establishing a market for organs is now the subject of unusual controversy. Proponents emphasize the concept of autonomy; opponents invoke fairness and justice. The controversy, however, has given sparse attention to what it would mean to society and medicine to establish a market in organs and to the intended and unintended consequences of such a practice. This article addresses these issues by exploring the tensions between 'extrinsic' and 'intrinsic' incentives, suggesting that donation might well decline were financial incentives introduced. It also contends that social relationship and social welfare policy would be transformed in negative ways and that a regulated market in organs would be extraordinarily difficult to achieve. Finally, it argues that organ sale would have a highly detrimental affect on medicine as a profession.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Transplantation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "6", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1524-1528", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01325.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01325.x", "accessDate": "2009-03-28T21:59:45Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley InterScience", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z" } }, { "key": "EKXDNMFS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/EKXDNMFS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/EKXDNMFS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Muraleedharan et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EKXDNMFS", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The trade in human organs in Tamil Nadu: the anatomy of regulatory failure", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vangal R", "lastName": "Muraleedharan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen", "lastName": "Jan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Ram Prasad" } ], "abstractNote": "There has been much recent interest in the trade in human organs in India. This paper examines both the extent to which regulatory controls through the Transplantation of Human Organs Act (1994) are effective in curbing commercialization and the nature of the constraints on the effective implementation of this Act. The study, a politico-economic analysis of health sector regulation, is based on a stakeholder analysis drawing on the views of key decision makers, service providers, organ donors and recipients. The findings indicate widespread acknowledgement of an organs trade and highlight four major constraints on the effective implementation of the Act: the commercial interests of middlemen and service providers, the ambiguities and loopholes in the Act; the low monitoring capacity of the regulatory authorities, and the pressures and responsibilities exerted upon the Authorizing Committees. A feature of the Act is that its implementation is subject to a major incentive compatibility constraint - it is seemingly not in the interests of any of the key players, including the regulatory authorities, to restrict the organ trade. To some extent, this institutional problem is created by the specific nature of the regulatory intervention, and, as a consequence, measures involving straightforward redrafting of the regulation might go some way to addressing this incentive problem. Another solution may entail a 'harm-reduction' strategy involving a controlled trade where procurement and organ matching is carried out by a government agency (this would require, however, the prior resolution of the broader ethical question concerning the legitimacy of such trade).", "publicationTitle": "Health Economics, Policy, and Law", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 2006", "volume": "1", "issue": "Pt 1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "41-57", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Health Econ Policy Law", "DOI": "10.1017/S1744133105001052", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/pubmed/18634702", "accessDate": "2009-03-28T17:14:29Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1744-134X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The trade in human organs in Tamil Nadu", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 18634702", "tags": [ { "tag": "Government Regulation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "India", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Interviews as Topic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tissue and Organ Procurement", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z" } }, { "key": "SEVW22PM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/SEVW22PM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/SEVW22PM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Millis et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SEVW22PM", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "2007: The Year of Regulatory Change", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "JM", "lastName": "Millis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Huang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "MA", "lastName": "Millis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y", "lastName": "Liu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y", "lastName": "Mao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Simmerling" } ], "abstractNote": "Introduction. The two countries that performed the most organ transplants in 2006, the United States and China, initiated significant regulatory changes in 2007 that continue into 2008 and likely several more years. The purpose of this article is to highlight the reasons behind the regulatory initiatives, document the new regulations, and assess the impact thus far. Methods. Review of US and Chinese governmental regulations emphasizing the underlying principles and impact. Results. We evaluated the changes with respect to equity and transparency; understanding transplant policy; field strength; and informed consent. We found a number of similarities between the US and Chinese regulatory changes. The changes in the United States introduced new members into the team (independent donor advocates) and improved documentation, while China began the process of regulation by defining the process and identifying practices that are not allowed. Conclusions. We found a number of similarities between the regulatory changes in the United States and China. Both countries have made significant progress in attempting to improve the process for both donors and recipients. The United States is a more mature system, while China is attempting to move toward an international standard. In the short term, there may be decreased overall access to transplantation while transplant centers and policies adjust to the new regulations in both countries.", "publicationTitle": "TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JAN-FEB 2009", "volume": "41", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "25-26", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.10.041", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=3Cb2HPi8@iMn@7o9mbO&page=1&doc=2", "accessDate": "2009-03-17T16:43:01Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0041-1345", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "2007", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z" } }, { "key": "FI42HTEZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/FI42HTEZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/FI42HTEZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Leitner et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FI42HTEZ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Collaboration with China in the field of organ transplantation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew", "lastName": "Leitner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ira J.", "lastName": "Kodner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ronald", "lastName": "Munson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David C.", "lastName": "Cronin II" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Surgery", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 2008", "volume": "144", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "725-728", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.surg.2008.07.006", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WXC-4TGY405-1/2/004cd7d86350a402b296537adfb2a858", "accessDate": "2009-03-17T16:50:28Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0039-6060", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z" } }, { "key": "BGWPIXRQ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/BGWPIXRQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/BGWPIXRQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kram", "parsedDate": "2001-04-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BGWPIXRQ", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Illegal Human Organ Trade from Executed Prisoners in China", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dena", "lastName": "Kram" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "4 April 2001", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.american.edu/TED/prisonorgans.htm", "accessDate": "2009-03-05T03:50:33Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z" } }, { "key": "T732HAWP", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/T732HAWP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/T732HAWP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Huang et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T732HAWP", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Government policy and organ transplantation in China", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jiefu", "lastName": "Huang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yilei", "lastName": "Mao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J Michael", "lastName": "Millis" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "The Lancet", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "372", "issue": "9654", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1937-1938", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61359-8", "citationKey": "", "url": 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"seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1097/TP.0b013e3181926189", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=3Cb2HPi8@iMn@7o9mbO&page=1&doc=3", "accessDate": "2009-03-17T16:45:11Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0041-1337", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z" } }, { "key": "TUDS3XAE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/TUDS3XAE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/TUDS3XAE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cohen et al.", "parsedDate": "2000-02", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "TUDS3XAE", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Commerce in transplantation: how does it affect European legislation?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bernard", "lastName": "Cohen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Guido", "lastName": "G Persijn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yves", "lastName": "Vanrenterghem" } ], "abstractNote": "Commerce in transplantation is well known, if not well defined. Although the word commerce suggests an exchange of money, in reality it often simply signifies a non-profit-making transaction. Nevertheless, money, and therefore profit, may be involved in some human organ transactions, and the buying and selling of organs for transplantation remains common in too many countries. Clearly, if such transactions were allowed to continue only those who could afford to pay would benefit. They would probably also lead to an increase in the number of media horror stories. A number of such stories have appeared in the past. Although they are rarely based on hard evidence, they do influence politicians and, as a consequence, affect legislation and the availability of organs for transplant. They may also diminish the willingness of the general public to become organ donors and contribute to the persistent poor supply of organ donors. Organ exchange organizations, such as Eurotransplant, have made many efforts to prevent unethical transactions. Nevertheless, stories of such transactions continue to appear and are unlikely to abate while there is a high demand and poor supply of organs for transplantation. An international donor surveillance committee – a clearing house for information on malpractice – could be one solution to the problem as it would prevent doctors from taking part in unethical transplant procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]", "publicationTitle": "Clinical Transplantation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2000", "volume": "14", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "28-31", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1034/j.1399-0012.2000.140106.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a2h&AN=5789300&site=ehost-live&scope=site", "accessDate": "2009-03-17T17:13:21Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "09020063", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Commerce in transplantation", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Commerce", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ECONOMIC aspects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Europe", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "LEGISLATION", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc.", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "media", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "organ donation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "organ exchange organizations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transplantation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z" } }, { "key": "KJZAJHSK", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/KJZAJHSK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/KJZAJHSK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bramstedt and Xu", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KJZAJHSK", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Checklist: Passport, Plane Ticket, Organ Transplant", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. A.", "lastName": "Bramstedt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jun", "lastName": "Xu" } ], "abstractNote": "Recently, active and proposed US medical insurance programs are taking steps to address the problems of organ availability, long waiting times, and high medical and surgical costs by promoting transplant tourism. Such programs are created explicitly to encourage policy holders to travel to a foreign country for the purpose of obtaining a transplant. Some medical insurance programs have gone as far as to bundle exotic travel and healthcare2014transplantation not excluded2014into one package. This article details some of the safety and ethics issues with these programs.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Transplantation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "7", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1698-1701", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01847.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01847.x", "accessDate": "2009-03-17T17:08:49Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Checklist", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley InterScience", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z" } }, { "key": "T5VIFIAI", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 65023, "name": "Market for Human Organs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/65023/items/T5VIFIAI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/market_for_human_organs/items/T5VIFIAI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 876271, "username": "joaocarapinha", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joaocarapinha", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Becker", "parsedDate": "1999-07", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "T5VIFIAI", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Money Talks, Money Kills? – The Economics of Transplantation in Japan and China.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carl", "lastName": "Becker" } ], "abstractNote": "Japan and China have long resisted the Western trend of organ transplantation from brain-dead patients, based on a 'Confucian' respect for integrity of ancestors' bodies. While their general publics continue to harbor grave doubts about such practices, their medical and political elites are hastening towards the road of organ-harvesting and organ-marketing, largely for economic reasons. This report illustrates the ways that economics is motivating brain-death legislation in Japan and criminal executions in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]", "publicationTitle": "Bioethics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 1999", "volume": "13", "issue": "3/4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "Article", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a2h&AN=4859055&site=ehost-live&scope=site", "accessDate": "2009-03-17T17:15:11Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "02699702", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Money Talks, Money Kills?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "BRAIN death", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ECONOMIC aspects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MEDICAL ethics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MORAL & ethical aspects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc.", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-14T00:01:03Z" } } ]