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            "abstractNote": "This article looks at internal shifts through faculty and support staff to help promote student success and completion. I include this article for some of the suggestions it makes for projects and programs. \nPg. 30 Yet research on successful efforts to improve organizational performance indicates that employees—in this case, faculty and student services staff—must be centrally involved in the process. Organizations that succeed in implementing reforms at scale focus on changing employees’ beliefs as well as norms of practice.\nPg. 31 - \"leadership for reform needs to be cultivated not just among college presidents and other top administrators but also among deans and department chairs, faculty leaders, and student services program directors.\"\nPg. 33 - better defining learning outcomes for programs and courses would help to clarify standards for college readiness. Such standards could in turn be used by colleges to develop more robust systems of placement testing, and to communicate to high school students and teachers more clearly about what students need to learn and be able to do to be prepared for college-level study.\nPg.34 - Colleges should create a cross-functional committee or task force of faculty, student services staff, and administrators to map out the experience of students from the time they first make contact with the college, examine the interactions between students and college programs and services at each point along these “pathways,” and assess the extent to which college policies and practices help or hinder students from making progress toward successful completion. Some suggestions:\nRequiring first-time students who register late to go through a “bridge term” designed to get them on track so that they are better prepared to start college the next term.\n•\nRequiring orientation for all new students, with in-person orientation (as opposed to online) strongly encouraged.\n•\nTraining of front-line staff involved in student registration, placement testing, financial aid, and advising to ensure that incoming students get consistent messages about the intake process, their potential for success in college, how to acclimate to college, and what support services are available.Requiring first-time college students to take a “first-year experience” student success course around which initial advising is structured.\n•\nRequiring students, as part of a student success course, to develop a career and college plan that would include a timetable of which courses students need to take and when they need to take them to complete credentials associated with their goals.\n•\nContacting students who complete portions of their programs (for example, 12 credits, 18 credits, 30 credits, etc.) to provide encouragement and tips for ensuring continued progress.\n•\nMandatory orientation and training on student success practices for all new faculty, including adjuncts, with ongoing training and mentoring from senior faculty for at least a year.\nPg. 37 - Colleges should also partner with high schools to develop and offer college readiness activities for students early on in their high school experience. These activities might include providing orientations to college, offering college placement tests so that students can find out if they should seek remediation before they get to college, and providing assistance with college and financial aid applications. Colleges should build similar relationships with adult basic education providers to increase the rate at which students in these programs advance to and succeed in college-level programs of study.",
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