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appropriate visualizations of the program's execution traces. Empirical studies, such as controlled experiments, are required to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of proposed visualization techniques. We present controlled experiments to compare the trace visualization tools Extravis and Explor Viz in typical program comprehension tasks. We replicate the first controlled experiment with a second one targeting a differently sized software system. In addition to a thorough analysis of the strategies chosen by the participants, we report on common challenges comparing trace visualization techniques. Besides our own replication of the first experiment, we provide a package containing all our experimental data to facilitate the verifiability, reproducibility and further extensibility of our presented results. Although subjects spent similar time on program comprehension tasks with both tools for a small-sized system, analyzing a larger software system resulted in a significant efficiency advantage of 28 percent less time spent by using Explor Viz. 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Sequence diagram generated using static source code or dynamic only approach provides limited execution coverage, additionally contains redundant, dead and fault driven methods, which increase the size of the diagram and complexity. In this paper, to address the problems, optimized sequence diagrams were developed by combining static source code and dynamic only approach, also incorporating various levels of abstraction in order to reduce complexity and provide complete behavior of the system. Case studies determined from the sequence diagram for three systems generated based on source code only and fully dynamic approach proved that the proposed optimized sequence diagrams were less complex and provided more detailed description of the functionality of the system.", "proceedingsTitle": "2016 IEEE 24th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)", "conferenceName": "2016 IEEE 24th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2016", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1-4", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/ICPC.2016.7503734", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Animals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Complexity theory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Conferences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Java", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Measurement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reverse engineering", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Visualization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "complexity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "fault driven methods", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "object-oriented", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "object-oriented methods", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "optimized sequence diagrams", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "polymorphism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "program comprehension", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sequence diagram", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "source code (software)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "static source code", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-08-23T16:42:02Z", "dateModified": "2016-08-23T16:42:02Z" } }, { "key": "CTTBH4Z4", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 643878, "name": "tais2comprension", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tais2comprension", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/643878/items/CTTBH4Z4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tais2comprension/items/CTTBH4Z4", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/643878/items/XMZDEPRZ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3274721, "username": "Yeison_Garcia", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yeison_garcia", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "CTTBH4Z4", "version": 6, "parentItem": "XMZDEPRZ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "IEEE Xplore Abstract Record", "accessDate": "2016-08-23T16:42:02Z", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezproxy.unal.edu.co/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7503734&newsearch=true&queryText=case%20studies%20of%20optimized%20sequence", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-08-23T16:42:02Z", "dateModified": "2016-08-23T16:42:02Z" } }, { "key": "ZW7MAZ9Q", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 643878, "name": "tais2comprension", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tais2comprension", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/643878/items/ZW7MAZ9Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tais2comprension/items/ZW7MAZ9Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3274721, "username": "Yeison_Garcia", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yeison_garcia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Linares-Vásquez et al.", "parsedDate": "2016-05", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "ZW7MAZ9Q", "version": 5, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "On automatically detecting similar Android apps", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Linares-Vásquez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Holtzhauer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Poshyvanyk" } ], "abstractNote": "Detecting similar applications is a challenging problem, since it implies that similar high-level features and their low-level implementations can be detected and matched automatically. We propose an approach for automatically detecting Closely reLated applications in ANdroid (CLANdroid) by relying on advanced Information Retrieval techniques and five semantic anchors: identifiers, Android APIs, intents, permissions, and sensors. To evaluate CLANdroid we created a benchmark consisting of 14,450 apps along with information on similar apps provided by Google Play. We also compared effectiveness of different semantic anchors for detecting similar apps as perceived by 27 users. The results show that using Android-specific semantic anchors are useful for detecting similar Android apps across different categories. We also measured the impact of third-party libraries and obfuscated code when identifying similar Android apps, and our results suggest that there is significant difference in the accuracy when third-party libraries are excluded.", "proceedingsTitle": "2016 IEEE 24th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)", "conferenceName": "2016 IEEE 24th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2016", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1-10", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/ICPC.2016.7503721", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Android (operating system)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Android API", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Android apps", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Android-specific semantic anchors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Androids", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CLANdroid", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Google", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Google play", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humanoid robots", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Libraries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Semantics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sensors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Time division multiplexing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "application program interfaces", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "closely related applications in Android", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "information retrieval", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "information retrieval techniques", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "obfuscated code", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "similar Android apps detection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "similar high-level features", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "third-party libraries", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-08-23T16:38:07Z", "dateModified": "2016-08-23T16:38:07Z" } }, { "key": "EVTWA5C2", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 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"dateModified": "2016-08-23T16:35:01Z" } }, { "key": "763TZPAJ", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 643878, "name": "tais2comprension", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tais2comprension", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/643878/items/763TZPAJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tais2comprension/items/763TZPAJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3274721, "username": "Yeison_Garcia", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yeison_garcia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sanchez et al.", "parsedDate": "2016-05", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "763TZPAJ", "version": 4, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Multistaging to understand: Distilling the essence of java code examples", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Sanchez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Whitehead" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Schäf" } ], "abstractNote": "Programmers commonly search the Web to find code examples that can help them solve a specific programming task. While some novice programmers may be willing to spend as much time as needed to understand a found code example, more experienced ones want to spend as little time as possible. They want to get a quick overview of the example's operation, so they can start working with it immediately. Getting this overview is often non-trivial and requires a tedious and manual inspection process. In this paper, we introduce a technique called Multi-staging to Understand, which streamlines this inspection process by distilling the essence of code examples. The essence of a code example conveys the most important aspects of the example's intended function. Our technique automatically decomposes the code in an example into code stages that can be explored non-sequentially; enabling fast exploratory learning. We discuss the key components of our technique and describe empirical results based on actual code examples on StackOverflow.", "proceedingsTitle": "2016 IEEE 24th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)", "conferenceName": "2016 IEEE 24th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2016", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1-10", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/ICPC.2016.7503708", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Multistaging to understand", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Algorithms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electronic mail", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Engines", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Indexes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Inspection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Java", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Java code examples", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "StackOverflow", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Web search", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "code stages", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computer aided instruction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computer science education", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "exploratory learning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "inspection process", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "multistaging-to-understand technique", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "programming task", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "source code (software)", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-08-23T16:35:01Z", "dateModified": "2016-08-23T16:35:01Z" } }, { "key": "662JNUMX", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 643878, "name": "tais2comprension", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tais2comprension", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/643878/items/662JNUMX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": 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"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezproxy.unal.edu.co/ielx7/7500162/7503699/07503706.pdf?tp=&arnumber=7503706&isnumber=7503699", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-08-23T16:26:37Z", "dateModified": "2016-08-23T16:26:37Z" } }, { "key": "CIXXKXXT", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 643878, "name": "tais2comprension", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tais2comprension", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/643878/items/CIXXKXXT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tais2comprension/items/CIXXKXXT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3274721, "username": "Yeison_Garcia", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yeison_garcia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hermans and Aivaloglou", "parsedDate": "2016-05", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "CIXXKXXT", "version": 3, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Do code smells hamper novice programming? A controlled experiment on Scratch programs", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Hermans" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Aivaloglou" } ], "abstractNote": "Recently, block-based programming languages like Alice, Scratch and Blockly have become popular tools for programming education. There is substantial research showing that block-based languages are suitable for early programming education. But can block-based programs be smelly too? And does that matter to learners? In this paper we explore the code smells metaphor in the context of block-based programming language Scratch. We conduct a controlled experiment with 61 novice Scratch programmers, in which we divided the novices into three groups. One third receive a non-smelly program, while the other groups receive a program suffering from the Duplication or the Long Method smell respectively. All subjects then perform the same comprehension tasks on their program, after which we measure their time and correctness. The results of the experiment show that code smell indeed influence performance: subjects working on the program exhibiting code smells perform significantly worse, but the smells did not affect the time subjects needed. Investigating different types of tasks in more detail, we find that Long Method mainly decreases system understanding, while Duplication decreases the ease with which subjects modify Scratch programs.", "proceedingsTitle": "2016 IEEE 24th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)", "conferenceName": "2016 IEEE 24th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2016", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1-10", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/ICPC.2016.7503706", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Do code smells hamper novice programming?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Computer languages", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Education", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Games", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Programming profession", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sprites (computer)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "block-based programming languages", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computer aided instruction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computer science education", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "duplication smell", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "long method smell", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "programming education", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "programming language Scratch", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "programming languages", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-08-23T16:26:37Z", "dateModified": "2016-08-23T16:26:37Z" } }, { "key": "AXD77GU5", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 643878, "name": "tais2comprension", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tais2comprension", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/643878/items/AXD77GU5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tais2comprension/items/AXD77GU5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3274721, "username": "Yeison_Garcia", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/yeison_garcia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Palomba et al.", "parsedDate": "2016-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AXD77GU5", "version": 2, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "A textual-based technique for Smell Detection", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Palomba" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Panichella" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. De", "lastName": "Lucia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Oliveto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Zaidman" } ], "abstractNote": "In this paper, we present TACO (Textual Analysis for Code Smell Detection), a technique that exploits textual analysis to detect a family of smells of different nature and different levels of granularity. We run TACO on 10 open source projects, comparing its performance with existing smell detectors purely based on structural information extracted from code components. The analysis of the results indicates that TACO's precision ranges between 67% and 77%, while its recall ranges between 72% and 84%. Also, TACO often outperforms alternative structural approaches confirming, once again, the usefulness of information that can be derived from the textual part of code components.", "proceedingsTitle": "2016 IEEE 24th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)", "conferenceName": "2016 IEEE 24th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2016", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1-10", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/ICPC.2016.7503704", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Algorithm design and analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Detectors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Feature extraction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Large scale integration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Measurement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Programming", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TACO precision ranges", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Vocabulary", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "code component textual part", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "information retrieval", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "open source projects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "software fault tolerance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "structural information extraction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "text analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "textual analysis for code smell detection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "textual-based technique", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-08-23T16:18:34Z", "dateModified": "2016-08-23T16:18:34Z" } } ]