[ { "key": "Q57GC8VC", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 63698, "name": "Wanderers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/63698/items/Q57GC8VC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers/items/Q57GC8VC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405423, "username": "Angel_Klanchar", "name": "S. Angelina Klanchar", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/angel_klanchar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hiatt", "parsedDate": "1980-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Q57GC8VC", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Care and design: the happy wanderer", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L G", "lastName": "Hiatt" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Nursing Homes", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1980 Mar-Apr", "volume": "29", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "27-31", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nurs Homes", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10283754", "accessDate": "2012-01-12T18:06:10Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0029-649X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Care and design", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 10283754", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adaptation, Psychological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dissociative Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Facilities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Facility Administration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Facility Environment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Orientation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "KUK6RVAU" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-12T18:06:10Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-11T20:14:55Z" } }, { "key": "6VQFHMEP", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 63698, "name": "Wanderers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/63698/items/6VQFHMEP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers/items/6VQFHMEP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405423, "username": "Angel_Klanchar", "name": "S. Angelina Klanchar", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/angel_klanchar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cheng and Pai", "parsedDate": "2010-09", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "6VQFHMEP", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Dissociation between recognition of familiar scenes and of faces in patients with very mild Alzheimer disease: An event-related potential study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pei-Ju", "lastName": "Cheng" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ming-Chyi", "lastName": "Pai" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE\n\nWe used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the recognition of familiar faces and scenes in patients with very mild Alzheimer disease (VMAD).\n\n\nMETHODS\n\nTwo types of stimuli, FACEs and SCENEs, and two versions of each type, FAMILIAR and NOVEL, were presented. Three ERPs were compared between VMAD and normal control (NC): (1) P100 to examine basic visual processing, (2) N170 structural encoding, and (3) N250r familiarity.\n\n\nRESULTS\n\nA prominent N170 was elicited by FACEs in P8 and the largest N170 by SCENEs in P3 and P4. Participants had more errors when judging pictures of SCENEs as familiar or not than that of FACEs. In P3 and P4, NC produced larger N170 than VMAD. From N250r in F3, the familiarity effect was absent in VMAD when familiar scenes were provided. This deficit was not seen in processing familiar faces.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\n\nThis study shows that different neural regions are responsible for the early visual processing in the structural encoding of scenes and faces. The pattern of P100 and that of N170 suggest that VMAD patients maintain basic visual processing and structural encoding abilities. A conflict between behavioral and physiological responses may play a role in VMAD patients' risk of getting lost in familiar environments.\n\n\nSIGNIFICANCE\n\nScene recognition is impaired earlier than face recognition in the course of Alzheimer disease.", "publicationTitle": "Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 2010", "volume": "121", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1519-1525", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Clin Neurophysiol", "DOI": "10.1016/j.clinph.2010.03.033", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20400370", "accessDate": "2011-12-27T14:06:30Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1872-8952", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Dissociation between recognition of familiar scenes and of faces in patients with very mild Alzheimer disease", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 20400370", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Alzheimer Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Analysis of Variance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brain Mapping", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electroencephalography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Evoked Potentials", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Face", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mental Status Schedule", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuropsychological Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pattern Recognition, Visual", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Photic Stimulation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prosopagnosia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reaction Time", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Recognition (Psychology)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Retrospective Studies", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-27T19:12:27Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-11T20:14:55Z" } }, { "key": "XZG6W9NZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 63698, "name": "Wanderers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/63698/items/XZG6W9NZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers/items/XZG6W9NZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405423, "username": "Angel_Klanchar", "name": "S. Angelina Klanchar", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/angel_klanchar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Alegret et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "XZG6W9NZ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Detection of visuoperceptual deficits in preclinical and mild Alzheimer's disease", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Montse", "lastName": "Alegret" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mercè", "lastName": "Boada-Rovira" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Georgina", "lastName": "Vinyes-Junqué" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sergi", "lastName": "Valero" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ana", "lastName": "Espinosa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Isabel", "lastName": "Hernández" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gemma", "lastName": "Modinos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maitee", "lastName": "Rosende-Roca" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ana", "lastName": "Mauleón" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James T", "lastName": "Becker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lluís", "lastName": "Tárraga" } ], "abstractNote": "Exhaustive neuropsychological assessment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects frequently identifies cognitive deficits other than memory. However, visuoperception has rarely been investigated in MCI. The 15-Objects Test (15-OT), a visual discrimination task based on the Poppelreuter Test, consists of 15 overlapping objects. Poppelreuter-type tests are frequently used to detect visual agnosia. However, more complex tests, such as the 15-OT, are required to detect visuoperceptual signs in those patients who perform correctly on simple tests. The aim of the present study was to investigate visuoperceptual deficits in MCI patients and to assess the usefulness of the 15-OT to discriminate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and MCI patients from controls. The 15-OT, and a neuropsychological battery included in the diagnostic assessment, was administered to 44 healthy controls, 44 MCI patients, and 44 mild AD patients. Performance on the 15-OT was significantly different between groups. MCI scored between AD and controls. When MCI and AD patients had relatively normal performance on simple tests (Poppelreuter), increased significant abnormalities were found by a more difficult visuoperceptual test (15-OT). Regression analyses showed that the 15-OT was a significant predictor of group membership, but the Poppelreuter Test did not significantly contribute to the models. Visuoperceptual processing is impaired early in the clinical course of AD. The 15-OT allows detection of visuoperceptual deficits in the preclinical and mild AD stages, when classical tests are still unable to detect subtle deficits. So, its inclusion in neuropsychological batteries that are nowadays used in the clinical practice would allow increasing their diagnostic potential.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2009", "volume": "31", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "860-867", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Clin Exp Neuropsychol", "DOI": "10.1080/13803390802595568", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19142775", "accessDate": "2011-12-27T13:59:02Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1744-411X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 19142775", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Alzheimer Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognition Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuropsychological Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Perceptual Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Photic Stimulation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ROC Curve", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Visual Perception", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-27T19:12:27Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-11T20:14:55Z" } }, { "key": "TQABG3D7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 63698, "name": "Wanderers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/63698/items/TQABG3D7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers/items/TQABG3D7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405423, "username": "Angel_Klanchar", "name": "S. Angelina Klanchar", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/angel_klanchar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rowe and Glover", "parsedDate": "2001-12", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TQABG3D7", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Antecedents, descriptions and consequences of wandering in cognitively-impaired adults and the Safe Return (SR) program", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. A.", "lastName": "Rowe" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. C.", "lastName": "Glover" } ], "abstractNote": "Unattended wandering is a major problem in cognitively impaired (CI) individuals and can result in those individuals becoming lost in the community. The purpose of this study was to identify important characteristics of unattended wandering and important prevention strategies. Data were compiledfrom registration files and missing and discovery reports collected through the Safe Return (SR) program. These data were analyzed to determine where individuals were found, who found them, from what setting they left, what mode of transportation they used, and what circumstances surrounded the unattended wandering. The study highlights the unpredictable and varied nature of unattended wandering. Recommendations are provided for communities to develop strategies to minimize unattended wandering and to determine effective methods of locating CI individuals when they become lost.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2001 Nov-Dec", "volume": "16", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "344-352", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11765859", "accessDate": "2011-12-27T14:13:43Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1533-3175", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 11765859", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Alzheimer Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognition Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychomotor Agitation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-27T19:12:04Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-11T20:14:55Z" } }, { "key": "GST8FQJU", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 63698, "name": "Wanderers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/63698/items/GST8FQJU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers/items/GST8FQJU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405423, "username": "Angel_Klanchar", "name": "S. Angelina Klanchar", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/angel_klanchar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "McShane et al.", "parsedDate": "1998-09", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "GST8FQJU", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Getting lost in dementia: a longitudinal study of a behavioral symptom", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "McShane" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K", "lastName": "Gedling" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Keene" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C", "lastName": "Fairburn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Jacoby" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T", "lastName": "Hope" } ], "abstractNote": "The occurrence of episodes of getting lost was examined in 104 subjects with dementia who were assessed every 4 months over 5 years. All subjects were initially living at home with a caregiver who could give good information. Forty-three subjects needed to be brought back home at least once. Five subjects repeatedly got lost. Forty-six subjects were kept behind locked doors at some point. Subjects who got lost were more likely to become permanently resident in institutions (odds ratio = 7.3; 95% confidence interval: 3.0 to 17.8). Patients who performed better on a behavioral test of topographical memory were less likely to get lost over the subsequent 5 years (negative predictive value: 90%). The risk of patients with dementia getting lost is substantial and requires frequent intervention by caregivers. This risk is a major reason for institutionalization. A simple test may help in assessing the risk of getting lost in patients with dementia.", "publicationTitle": "International Psychogeriatrics / IPA", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 1998", "volume": "10", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "253-260", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Int Psychogeriatr", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9785146", "accessDate": "2011-12-27T14:09:30Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1041-6102", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Getting lost in dementia", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 9785146", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Caregivers", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Confusion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dementia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Family", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Geriatric Assessment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Institutionalization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Longitudinal Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Odds Ratio", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Predictive Value of Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prevalence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Questionnaires", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Factors", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-27T19:12:04Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-11T20:14:55Z" } }, { "key": "GZ99KT2M", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 63698, "name": "Wanderers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/63698/items/GZ99KT2M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers/items/GZ99KT2M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405423, "username": "Angel_Klanchar", "name": "S. Angelina Klanchar", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/angel_klanchar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Leicht et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "GZ99KT2M", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease: the role of impairment levels in assessment of insight across domains", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hanna", "lastName": "Leicht" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martin", "lastName": "Berwig" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hermann-Josef", "lastName": "Gertz" } ], "abstractNote": "Impaired insight for deficits (anosognosia) is common in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it has not yet been determined clearly (a) whether different methods for assessing insight are comparable, and (b) whether anosognosia affects different domains to different degrees (domain-specificity). Impaired insight was investigated in 32 patients with AD, who were each accompanied by a caregiver. Anosognosia was assessed by a global clinical rating, questionnaire discrepancies (patient vs. caregiver) covering different domains, and performance discrepancies (self-assessment vs. performance) based on four neuropsychological tests which were compared with those of a healthy control sample. The results of clinical rating and questionnaire discrepancies were closely correlated, but performance discrepancies showed no association with the other methods. Anosognosia was present in the majority of the sample, and occurred across domains. The domains corresponding to core deficits in AD (recent memory, activities of daily living) appeared especially prone to anosognosia. However, results do not suggest that anosognosia itself is domain-specific. Rather, it appears that insight may be invariant, while differences in patient-caregiver discrepancies arise largely from different degrees of deficit across domains.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2010", "volume": "16", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "463-473", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Int Neuropsychol Soc", "DOI": "10.1017/S1355617710000056", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20188013", "accessDate": "2011-12-27T13:56:32Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1469-7661", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 20188013", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Agnosia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Alzheimer Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuropsychological Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Questionnaires", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Severity of Illness Index", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-27T19:12:04Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-11T20:14:55Z" } }, { "key": "ZIQCIQDE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 63698, "name": "Wanderers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/63698/items/ZIQCIQDE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers/items/ZIQCIQDE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405423, "username": "Angel_Klanchar", "name": "S. Angelina Klanchar", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/angel_klanchar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hunt et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZIQCIQDE", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Drivers with dementia and outcomes of becoming lost while driving", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Linda A", "lastName": "Hunt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alaina E", "lastName": "Brown" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Isaac P", "lastName": "Gilman" } ], "abstractNote": "Researchers of driving and dementia have reported that drivers with early Alzheimer's disease (AD) may continue to drive for extended periods of time, as long as their driving is evaluated or monitored. The earliest symptoms of AD are known to include loss of recent memory and the inability to recognize familiar environments. In an exploratory study, we examined 207 reports of lost drivers with dementia over 10 yr reported by newspapers and media. Seventy AD drivers were not found, 32 drivers were found dead, and 116 drivers were found alive, although of those found alive, 35 people were found injured. Miles driven and days missing were also reported in some cases, in addition to cause of death (such as drowning or exposure to weather). Becoming lost may have serious consequences. Additional research is needed in this area to more clearly understand the consequences of becoming lost while driving.", "publicationTitle": "The American Journal of Occupational Therapy.: Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2010 Mar-Apr", "volume": "64", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "225-232", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Occup Ther", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20437909", "accessDate": "2011-12-27T14:21:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0272-9490", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 20437909", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Alzheimer Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Automobile Driving", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dementia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Safety", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Task Performance and Analysis", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-27T19:12:04Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-11T20:14:55Z" } }, { "key": "E6AMPJM6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 63698, "name": "Wanderers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/63698/items/E6AMPJM6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers/items/E6AMPJM6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405423, "username": "Angel_Klanchar", "name": "S. Angelina Klanchar", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/angel_klanchar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Guérin et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-02", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "E6AMPJM6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Characterization of visuoconstructional disabilities in patients with probable dementia of Alzheimer's type", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fanny", "lastName": "Guérin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sylvie", "lastName": "Belleville" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bernadette", "lastName": "Ska" } ], "abstractNote": "The goal of this study was to systematically examine alterations underlying the graphical copying performance of Alzheimer's patients at different stages of cognitive decline, in light of a theoretical framework of visuoconstructional processing (Guérin, Ska, & Belleville, 1999). Eight patients with a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease were studied. A group of 24 elderly subjects, of similar age to the patient group and slightly higher education, served as controls. The severity of the cognitive decline of each patient was measured with a standard neuropsychological battery. All subjects were administered a copying task and tasks measuring visual exploration, judgment of spatial relations and graphical planning. Group and individual results were analyzed. The group results suggested that visuoconstructional apraxia in patients with Alzheimer's type dementia is characterized by impaired visual exploration and judgment of spatial relations. Individual results revealed between-patient variability related to the severity of cognitive decline. Given the small number of patients, these observations need to be replicated with a larger-scaled study.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Feb 2002", "volume": "24", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-17", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Clin Exp Neuropsychol", "DOI": "10.1076/jcen.24.1.1.963", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935419", "accessDate": "2011-12-27T14:01:45Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1380-3395", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 11935419", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Alzheimer Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Apraxias", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Disease Progression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Judgment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Memory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuropsychological Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Severity of Illness Index", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Space Perception", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Visual Perception", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-27T19:12:04Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-11T20:14:55Z" } }, { "key": "7QQRCWG7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 63698, "name": "Wanderers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/63698/items/7QQRCWG7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers/items/7QQRCWG7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405423, "username": "Angel_Klanchar", "name": "S. Angelina Klanchar", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/angel_klanchar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bublak et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7QQRCWG7", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Spatial and non-spatial attention deficits in neurodegenerative diseases: assessment based on Bundesen's theory of visual attention (TVA)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Bublak" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Petra", "lastName": "Redel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kathrin", "lastName": "Finke" } ], "abstractNote": "PURPOSE\n\nThe aim was to present evidence that, similarly as in neglect, a combined pattern of spatial and non-spatial deficits of visual attention can also be typically observed in patients suffering from neurodegenerative disorders.\n\n\nMETHOD\n\nWhole and partial report of brief letter arrays, based on Bundesen's 'theory of visual attention' (TVA), was applied in patients suffering from Huntington's disease (HD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or Alzheimer's disease (AD). TVA-based parameter estimates were derived reflecting (a) perceptual processing speed and visual working memory storage capacity as non-spatial aspects of visual attention (determined by whole report performance), and (b) spatial attentional weighting (determined by partial report performance).\n\n\nRESULTS\n\nProcessing speed was severely slowed in HD, and also reduced, although to a lesser degree, in MCI and AD patients. In HD and AD patients, but not in MCI patients, a strong leftward bias of spatial attention was observed.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\n\nNeglect and neurodegenerative diseases both involve a similar constellation of non-spatial and spatial deficits of visual attention. Therefore, by using TVA-based measurement, results from both fields of research may fruitfully inform each other in future studies, thus improving our understanding of the interaction of spatial and non-spatial attention deficits and its behavioral consequences.", "publicationTitle": "Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "24", "issue": "4-6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "287-301", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Restor. Neurol. Neurosci.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17119305", "accessDate": "2011-12-27T13:58:07Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0922-6028", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Spatial and non-spatial attention deficits in neurodegenerative diseases", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 17119305", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Alzheimer Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Attention", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Huntington Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neurodegenerative Diseases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuropsychological Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Perceptual Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Visual Perception", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-27T19:12:27Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-11T20:14:55Z" } }, { "key": "DRTNT693", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 63698, "name": "Wanderers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/63698/items/DRTNT693", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers/items/DRTNT693", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405423, "username": "Angel_Klanchar", "name": "S. Angelina Klanchar", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/angel_klanchar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Adduri and Marotta", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DRTNT693", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Mental rotation of faces in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cassandra A", "lastName": "Adduri" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonathan J", "lastName": "Marotta" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND\n\nPrevious research has shown that individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) develop visuospatial difficulties that affect their ability to mentally rotate objects. Surprisingly, the existing literature has generally ignored the impact of this mental rotation deficit on the ability of AD patients to recognize faces from different angles. Instead, the devastating loss of the ability to recognize friends and family members in AD has primarily been attributed to memory loss and agnosia in later stages of the disorder. The impact of AD on areas of the brain important for mental rotation should not be overlooked by face processing investigations -- even in early stages of the disorder.\n\n\nMETHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS\n\nThis study investigated the sensitivity of face processing in AD, young controls and older non-neurological controls to two changes of the stimuli -- a rotation in depth and an inversion. The control groups showed a systematic effect of depth rotation, with errors increasing with the angle of rotation, and with inversion. The majority of the AD group was not impaired when faces were presented upright and no transformation in depth was required, and were most accurate when all faces were presented in frontal views, but accuracy was severely impaired with any rotation or inversion.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE\n\nThese results suggest that with the onset of AD, mental rotation difficulties arise that affect the ability to recognize faces presented at different angles. The finding that a frontal view is \"preferred\" by these patients provides a valuable communication strategy for health care workers.", "publicationTitle": "PloS One", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2009", "volume": "4", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e6120", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PLoS ONE", "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0006120", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19572013", "accessDate": "2011-12-27T14:03:52Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1932-6203", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 19572013", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Alzheimer Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Case-Control Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Visual Pathways", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-27T19:12:27Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-11T20:14:55Z" } }, { "key": "QJNZBNM9", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 63698, "name": "Wanderers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/63698/items/QJNZBNM9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers/items/QJNZBNM9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405423, "username": "Angel_Klanchar", "name": "S. Angelina Klanchar", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/angel_klanchar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rowe and Bennett", "parsedDate": "2003-12", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "QJNZBNM9", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A look at deaths occurring in persons with dementia lost in the community", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. A.", "lastName": "Rowe" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vikki", "lastName": "Bennett" } ], "abstractNote": "The purpose of this study was to examine cause of death in persons with dementia (PWDs) who have become lost in the community. The study was a retrospective review of 93 US newspaper articles describing PWDs being found dead in the community after leaving their caregiving situations unattended. Of these PWDs, 87 percent were found dead in natural, secluded, unpopulated areas, such as woods, fields, ditches, and bodies of water. They were generally found less than a mile from where they left, but often were not found for extended periods. Males and persons from community-based residential facilities appear to be at higher risk of dying after leaving unattended than females and those living at home.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003 Nov-Dec", "volume": "18", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "343-348", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14682082", "accessDate": "2011-12-27T14:17:43Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1533-3175", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 14682082", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Alzheimer Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dementia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Retrospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Time Factors", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-27T19:12:04Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-11T20:14:55Z" } }, { "key": "FUF2WFNE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 63698, "name": "Wanderers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/63698/items/FUF2WFNE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers/items/FUF2WFNE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405423, "username": "Angel_Klanchar", "name": "S. Angelina Klanchar", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/angel_klanchar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kwok et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-04", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "FUF2WFNE", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Getting lost in the community: A phone survey on the community-dwelling demented people in Hong Kong", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Timothy C Y", "lastName": "Kwok" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kenneth S L", "lastName": "Yuen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Florence K Y", "lastName": "Ho" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W M", "lastName": "Chan" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE\n\nResearch from Western countries reported that the incidence rate of dementia patients getting lost in the community ranged from 30 to 60%. It had imposed significant burden on the caregivers. In the current study, we investigated the situation on the incidents of getting lost in a densely populated as well as homogenous community environment.\n\n\nMETHODS\n\nTwo hundred and fifty one caregivers of older adults with demented people who had either used dementia day care service or participated in a community survey were interviewed on the telephone. Respondents were asked on older adult's experience of getting lost in the community and their mode of care. Correlating factors of such incidents were examined.\n\n\nRESULTS\n\nThe overall prevalence of lost history in our subjects was 27.5%. The subjects recruited from day care center were much more likely than those recruited from the community survey to have lost history (39.2% vs. 7.5%, p < 0.0001, chi(2) test). Greater degrees of cognitive decline were associated with greater chance of having had lost episodes. Immobility was associated with lower risk. Both the older people and their caregivers had reported significant degrees of psychological disturbances after the incidents.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\n\nDemented people with greater degrees of cognitive decline and with mobility maintained are at greater risk of getting lost.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 2010", "volume": "25", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "427-432", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Int J Geriatr Psychiatry", "DOI": "10.1002/gps.2361", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19653244", "accessDate": "2011-12-27T14:11:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1099-1166", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Getting lost in the community", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 19653244", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognition Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Confusion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dementia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hong Kong", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Memory Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Orientation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prevalence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Questionnaires", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Environment", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-27T19:12:04Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-11T20:14:55Z" } }, { "key": "8BFETTRT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 63698, "name": "Wanderers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/63698/items/8BFETTRT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers/items/8BFETTRT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405423, "username": "Angel_Klanchar", "name": "S. Angelina Klanchar", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/angel_klanchar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Harwood et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-11", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "8BFETTRT", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Frontal lobe hypometabolism and impaired insight in Alzheimer disease", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dylan G", "lastName": "Harwood" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David L", "lastName": "Sultzer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Denise", "lastName": "Feil" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lorena", "lastName": "Monserratt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Evan", "lastName": "Freedman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark A", "lastName": "Mandelkern" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE\n\nThe authors examined the relationship between impaired insight regarding cognitive and functional deficits and frontal cortex hypometabolism in 41 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD).\n\n\nMETHODS\n\nRegional cerebral glucose metabolism was determined with (18F)fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. Level of insight was measured with the clinician-rated Neurobehavioral Rating Scale, and severity of global cognitive impairment was determined with the Mini-Mental State Exam.\n\n\nRESULTS\n\nInaccurate insight was correlated with glucose metabolic rate in the right lateral frontal cortex (Brodmann areas 6 and 45, and the lateral aspect of Brodmann areas 8 and 9) after controlling for global cognitive dysfunction.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\n\nThe findings from this study help to further elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying impaired insight in AD, indicating a link between this important clinical phenomenon and dysmetabolism in a focal region of the right prefrontal cortex.", "publicationTitle": "The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 2005", "volume": "13", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "934-941", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "DOI": "10.1176/appi.ajgp.13.11.934", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16286436", "accessDate": "2011-12-27T13:50:44Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1064-7481", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 16286436", "tags": [ { "tag": "Activities of Daily Living", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Alzheimer Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Awareness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Blood Glucose", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognition Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dominance, Cerebral", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy Metabolism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fluorodeoxyglucose F18", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Frontal Lobe", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mental Status Schedule", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuropsychological Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Positron-Emission Tomography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychometrics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Statistics as Topic", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-27T19:12:04Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-11T20:14:55Z" } }, { "key": "TTQZX4US", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 63698, "name": "Wanderers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/63698/items/TTQZX4US", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wanderers/items/TTQZX4US", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405423, "username": "Angel_Klanchar", "name": "S. Angelina Klanchar", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/angel_klanchar", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Harwood et al.", "parsedDate": "2000-04", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TTQZX4US", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Impaired insight in Alzheimer disease: association with cognitive deficits, psychiatric symptoms, and behavioral disturbances", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. G.", "lastName": "Harwood" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. L.", "lastName": "Sultzer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. V.", "lastName": "Wheatley" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE\n\nThe purpose of this study was to evaluate symptoms associated with impaired insight in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD).\n\n\nBACKGROUND\n\nAlthough unawareness of deficits is common in AD, the relation of awareness to psychiatric and behavioral disturbances has not been extensively studied.\n\n\nMETHOD\n\nWe conducted a cross-sectional investigation of 91 patients with probable AD according to the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association. Awareness of cognitive and functional deficits was measured with the Inaccurate Insight item from the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale. Psychiatric and behavioral symptoms were measured using factor scores and individual items from the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale. Global cognitive deficits were measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).\n\n\nRESULTS\n\nStepwise regression analysis showed that insight was associated with MMSE score, depression/anxiety factor score, and agitation/disinhibition factor score. Variables not associated with awareness of deficits included patient age, behavioral retardation factor score, verbal output disturbance factor score, and psychosis factor score. Post hoc analyses showed a positive relation (i.e., greater insight, more symptomatology) between deficit awareness and symptoms of depressed mood and anxiety. There was a negative relation (i.e., greater insight, less symptomatology) between insight and symptoms of hostility, agitation, inattention, and tension. In a follow-up stepwise regression analysis, increased deficit awareness was associated with a higher MMSE score, greater depressed mood, and decreased agitation.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\n\nThese findings suggest that patients with AD may experience symptoms of depressed mood in relation to increased awareness of decrements in functioning. The data also indicate that patients with poor insight demonstrate greater agitated behavior. 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