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In other words, while its main concern is to inform a research question, it also must be concerned with the end product of the design. As such, designers/researchers become concerned with the same type of “wicked problems” the professional designers are, especially when using research through design. Moreover, they also add a new layer of complications that are inherent to research. Since the approach is quickly gaining in popularity, it is necessary to develop a base of knowledge about it. Thus, this paper’s aim is to present a literature review of texts about research through design to demystify this approach and provide a deeper understanding for future work in the field. 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"data": { "key": "44XICEXA", "version": 38, "parentItem": "SQB8G9XH", "itemType": "note", "note": "This article highlights the common grounds of design and media. It is a paper for sociologists to attempt to interest them on design and media. The knowledge on design research is limited and the discussion too broad. Limited contribution.", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-08-17T05:55:06Z", "dateModified": "2017-08-17T05:55:06Z" } }, { "key": "B9IDJ3BU", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 631420, "name": "Design PhD", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/631420/items/B9IDJ3BU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd/items/B9IDJ3BU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 515418, "username": "edgrrr", "name": "Edgar Rodriguez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edgrrr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kurvinen and Koskinen", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "B9IDJ3BU", "version": 38, "itemType": "report", "title": "Utilizing situated action perspective in usability testing", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Esko", "lastName": "Kurvinen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ilpo", "lastName": "Koskinen" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "Helsinki, University of Art and Design", "place": "Helsinki", "date": "2000", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "CVPUGUIH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-08-17T05:55:06Z", "dateModified": "2017-08-17T05:55:06Z" } }, { "key": "8JJW7H3A", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 631420, "name": "Design PhD", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/631420/items/8JJW7H3A", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd/items/8JJW7H3A", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/631420/items/SQB8G9XH", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 515418, "username": "edgrrr", "name": "Edgar Rodriguez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edgrrr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8JJW7H3A", "version": 38, "parentItem": "SQB8G9XH", "itemType": "note", "note": "product semantics, propounded mainly by Krippendorff with his designer\ncolleague Reinhardt Butter. This tradition takes as an axiom that all design communicates,\nand accordingly can be studied as communication (see Vihma 1995). (p.37)\nDesigners’ symbolic claim to respectability is based not\non theory, but on art, which, again, keeps them marginal in universities in which notions\nlike “intuition” and “gut feeling” do not fare well. Thus, it may even be that while the linguistic\nturn has made social scientists far more sensitive to what Clifford Geertz has\ncalled the webs of meaning (Geertz 1973), (p. 38)\n“semiotization of\nthe economy,” more commonly known as “branding.” As the sociologist Harvey Molotch\nhas noted in Where Stuff Comes From (2003), a study of industrial designers, as\nbusiness leaders have learned to “outsource” production, often to the same few manufacturers\ntypically located in the third world, this has led to a necessity to create brands\nthat people can use to make distinctions between things and products. While twenty\nyears ago in most industries, it was possible to make distinguishable products with\nsigns, logos, and packaging, today branding is taken further into the very products and\ntheir functions as well. The “look and feel” of products provides “semiotic handles” with\nwhich consumers and other people can make sense of products and thus make decisions\non consumption. As Molotch maintains, it is sometimes more important to think about\nthe value of a company in terms of brand value rather than stocks, not to mention tangible\nresources such as factories or workforce.\n\nThe largest design agencies are bigger and\nmore complex in form than 30 years ago. As the design historian Anna Valtonen writes in\nher upcoming doctoral thesis in Åbo Akademi, the question of how to organize design\nhas become an issue in corporations. As design practice has increasingly come into\ncontact with management, designers face in their work many problems communication\nresearchers have been studying in other contexts for decades. How do formal organizations\n– such as government and corporations – function? How do organizations communicate?\nHow is communication organized in formal organizations? How do people in different\n(organizational) cultures make sense of objects, things, ideas, and concepts? (p. 40)", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-08-17T05:55:06Z", "dateModified": "2017-08-17T05:55:06Z" } }, { "key": "BSX7K443", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 631420, "name": "Design PhD", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/631420/items/BSX7K443", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd/items/BSX7K443", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/631420/items/SQB8G9XH", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 515418, "username": "edgrrr", "name": "Edgar Rodriguez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edgrrr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BSX7K443", "version": 38, "parentItem": "SQB8G9XH", "itemType": "note", "note": "

August 13, 2005

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-08-17T05:55:06Z", "dateModified": "2017-08-17T05:55:06Z" } }, { "key": "SQB8G9XH", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 631420, "name": "Design PhD", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/631420/items/SQB8G9XH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd/items/SQB8G9XH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 515418, "username": "edgrrr", "name": "Edgar Rodriguez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edgrrr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Koskinen", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "SQB8G9XH", "version": 38, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Two Solitudes: Design as an Approach to Media Research.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ilpo", "lastName": "Koskinen" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "17th Nordic Conference on Media Research", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "file:///F:/phd%202006-1/EndNote%20PDF's/koskinennordic.pdf", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "CVPUGUIH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-08-17T05:55:06Z", "dateModified": "2017-08-17T05:55:06Z" } }, { "key": "8MK2536W", "version": 37, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 631420, "name": "Design PhD", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/631420/items/8MK2536W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd/items/8MK2536W", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 515418, "username": "edgrrr", "name": "Edgar Rodriguez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edgrrr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hamilton and Jaaniste", "parsedDate": "2010-07-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8MK2536W", "version": 37, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A connective model for the practice-led research exegesis: An analysis of content and structure", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jillian", "lastName": "Hamilton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luke", "lastName": "Jaaniste" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Writing in Creative Practice", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2010-07-01", "volume": "3", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "31-44", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1386/jwcp.3.1.31_1", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=1753-5190&volume=3&issue=1&spage=31", "accessDate": "2016-01-29T01:28:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "17535190, 17535204", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "A connective model for the practice-led research exegesis", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "CVPUGUIH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-08-17T05:54:30Z", "dateModified": "2017-08-17T05:54:30Z" } }, { "key": "J4D9JAJ8", "version": 36, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 631420, "name": "Design PhD", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/631420/items/J4D9JAJ8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd/items/J4D9JAJ8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 515418, "username": "edgrrr", "name": "Edgar Rodriguez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edgrrr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Friedman et al.", "parsedDate": "2002", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "J4D9JAJ8", "version": 36, "itemType": "report", "title": "Value sensitive design: Theory and methods", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Batya", "lastName": "Friedman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Kahn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alan", "lastName": "Borning" } ], "abstractNote": "Value Sensitive Design is a theoretically grounded\napproach to the design of technology that accounts for\nhuman values in a principled and comprehensive manner\nthroughout the design process. It employs an integrative\nand iterative tripartite methodology, consisting of\nconceptual, empirical, and technical investigations. We\nexplicate Value Sensitive Design by drawing on three\nresearch and design projects. One project involves cookies\nand informed consent in web browsers; the second involves\nprojection technology in an office environment; the third\ninvolves user interactions and interface for an integrated\nland use, transportation, and environmental simulation.", "reportNumber": "UW CSE Technical Report 02-12-01", "reportType": "", "institution": "University of Washington", "place": "Washington", "date": "2002", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "8", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.urbansim.org/pub/Research/ResearchPapers/vsd-theory-methods-tr.pdf", "accessDate": "2014-05-14", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "CVPUGUIH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-08-17T05:54:14Z", "dateModified": "2017-08-17T05:54:14Z" } }, { "key": "6TWIUT2B", "version": 36, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 631420, "name": "Design PhD", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/631420/items/6TWIUT2B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd/items/6TWIUT2B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 515418, "username": "edgrrr", "name": "Edgar Rodriguez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edgrrr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Friedman", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6TWIUT2B", "version": 36, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Research into, by and for design", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ken", "lastName": "Friedman" } ], "abstractNote": "Mature theory construction in design research has been hampered by ill-considered\nideas. The notion of ‘research by design’ is such an idea, conflating practice and\nresearch in ways that make explicit theory development difficult. This article\nexamines some of the problems associated with the notion of ‘research by\ndesign’. It also examines the roles of tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge in\ntheory construction, while clarifying the role of explicit knowledge in reflective\npractice.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Visual Arts Practice", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "7", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "153-160", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "CVPUGUIH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-08-17T05:54:14Z", "dateModified": "2017-08-17T05:54:14Z" } }, { "key": "UA9EV5GM", "version": 36, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 631420, "name": "Design PhD", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/631420/items/UA9EV5GM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd/items/UA9EV5GM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 515418, "username": "edgrrr", "name": "Edgar Rodriguez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edgrrr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Friedman", "parsedDate": "1997", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UA9EV5GM", "version": 36, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Design science and design education", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ken", "lastName": "Friedman" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "McGrory" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "The Challenge of Complexity", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1997", "publisher": "University of Art and Design Helsinki UIAH", "place": "Helsinki", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "54-72", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "file:///D:/EndNote%20PDF's/Friedman%20D%201997%20Design%20Science%20.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "CVPUGUIH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-08-17T05:54:14Z", "dateModified": "2017-08-17T05:54:14Z" } }, { "key": "8VW3VHPI", "version": 36, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 631420, "name": "Design PhD", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/631420/items/8VW3VHPI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd/items/8VW3VHPI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 515418, "username": "edgrrr", "name": "Edgar Rodriguez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edgrrr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Friedman", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8VW3VHPI", "version": 36, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Creating design knowledge: From research into practice", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ken", "lastName": "Friedman" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper considers how we create design knowledge. It examines the ways that research contributes to design knowledge in theory and in practice. The paper will ask seven important questions: What is the nature of design? How does the nature of design involve knowledge of certain kinds? What are the sources of knowledge? How does research function as a source of knowledge? How does research relate to other sources of knowledge? How do we create design knowledge through research? How does new knowledge move from research into practice? The paper will outline answers to these questions. It will also provide information and resources for those who want to explore further.", "proceedingsTitle": "IDATER 2000 Conference", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "Loughborough University", "place": "Loughborough", "date": "2000", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "CVPUGUIH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-08-17T05:54:01Z", "dateModified": "2017-08-17T05:54:01Z" } }, { "key": "JIXX4P7T", "version": 35, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 631420, "name": "Design PhD", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/631420/items/JIXX4P7T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd/items/JIXX4P7T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 515418, "username": "edgrrr", "name": "Edgar Rodriguez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edgrrr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Frayling", "parsedDate": "1993", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "JIXX4P7T", "version": 35, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Research in art and design", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher", "lastName": "Frayling" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Royal College of Art Research Papers", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1993", "volume": "1", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-5", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "CVPUGUIH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-08-17T05:53:47Z", "dateModified": "2017-08-17T05:53:47Z" } }, { "key": "DDIU9VAS", "version": 35, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 631420, "name": "Design PhD", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/631420/items/DDIU9VAS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/design_phd/items/DDIU9VAS", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/631420/items/JIXX4P7T", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 515418, "username": "edgrrr", "name": "Edgar Rodriguez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/edgrrr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DDIU9VAS", "version": 35, "parentItem": "JIXX4P7T", "itemType": "note", "note": "1993/4", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-08-17T05:53:47Z", "dateModified": "2017-08-17T05:53:47Z" } } ]