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            "note": "<h3 style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Notes (Main)</h3>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">criticism</span>, <span style=\"color: #800080;\">tangents</span></p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Seeing: definitions, conditions, expressions</strong></p>\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n<li> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\"It is seeing which establishes our place in the surrounding world.\" </span>(7)</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\"The way we see things is affected by what we know or what we believe.\"</span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> </span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(8)</span><br /></span></li>\n<li>reference to sight's leverage as apperception</li>\n<li>\"We only see what we look at\" &lt;--looking as a conscious act/decision to bring seeing into greater immediacy; touching initiates relationship</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">as such, looking is necessarily relational (9) (vs seeing, which JB seems to consider as unitary, self-sufficient, and total</span></li>\n<li>dialogue subsidiary to vision</li>\n<li>example of conceptualization in looking ~ Adam &amp; Eve: nakedness created in mind upon eating the apple, at which point they saw each other differently (48)       \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993366;\">adds several phrases that distinguish nakedness from nudity (54)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">convolution: asserts banality enters upon instant of disclosure, as \"This reality, by promising the proverbial mechanism of sex, offers, at the same time, the possibility of the shared subjectivity of sex\" s/t we situate ourselves in familiar territory r/t facing the uncomfortable Real (59)</span><br /></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Image (in the singular&amp;plural)</strong></p>\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n<li>JB's defn of img: re-x-ed sight, x = {production, creation, etc.}</li>\n<li>img there4 destroys [original] ontology of sight by (ironically) its coming into being (10)</li>\n<li>img a direct byproduct of increasing individuality</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\"direct testimony\": claims images' precision, richness superior to those of lit</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\"the more imaginative the work, the more profoundly it allows us to share the artist's experience of the visible\"</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">b/c divorced from identifiable authority, \"...images of art have become ephemeral, ubiquitous, insubstantial, available, valueless, free\" // language (32)</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">publicity images: of this moment but not in this moment: \"...never speak of the present. Often they refer to the past and always they speak of the future.\" (130)</span></li>\n</ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Interpretation</strong></p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 30px;\">\n<li>challenges notion of history as self-evident: rather, constituted via relation between past, present (11)</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">fear of present --&gt; \"mystification of the past\"</span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">mystification = \"process of explaining away what might otherwise be evident\" (16)</span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">reproduction: \"Because of the camera, the painting now travels to the spectator rather than the spectator to the painting. In its travel, its meaning is diversified.\" <span style=\"color: #000000;\">(20)</span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">publicity images don't celebrate \"pleasure-in-itself\" but \"is always about the future buyer\" (132)</span></span></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">nostalgic b/c projection of past into future (139)</span></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\"is essentially <em>eventless</em>. It extends just as far as nothing else is happening.\" (153)</span><br /></span></span></span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Meaning</span></span></span></strong></p>\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">links painting's historical uniqueness w/its spatial location s/t reproduction destroys original meaning by fragmenting it [into multiple meanings] <span style=\"color: #000000;\">(19)</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993366;\">now, considers uniqueness exists, but</span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\"> in \"what [the painting] is\" rather than \"what it says\" <span style=\"color: #000000;\">(21)</span></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">expresses society's consideration of uniqueness as a f(its rarity)</span></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">doesn't consider meaning as residing in the painting,  but as transmittable and therefore reduced to status of information <span style=\"color: #000000;\">(24)</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">contextual (29)</span><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>\n</ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Value</strong></p>\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">before camera: paintings originally embedded w/memory of that structure that housed them (19)</span></li>\n<li>married to price and set by valuation of historical prominence (21)</li>\n<li>JB decidedly pessimistic to publicity images owing their value to being a signifier of affluence and to being a gift for them (135)</li>\n<li>oil painting : \"spectator-owner\" vs publicity image: \"spectator-buyer\" (141)</li>\n</ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Perception</span></strong></p>\n<ul style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n</ul>\n<ul style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n</ul>\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">perspective = key explanatory feature wrt differences in perception over time (16)</span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">as a technique: prioritizes the eye w/o visual reciprocity</span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">See 1923 - Dziga Vertov (Soviet film director) - comments on camera eye: \"'Free from the boundaries of time and space, I co-ordinate any and all points ofthe universe, wherever I want them to be.'\" (17)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993366;\">camera confessed that time+space inseparable s/t perception relative to these two dimensions jointly considered</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">credits camera, esp movie camera, to purporting the illusion of a center</span></span></li>\n</ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Experience</strong><br /></span></p>\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">compositional unity (painting) = 1 of chief determinant of ptg's power (13)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">acknowledges silence and stillness in original paintings that are absent in their corresponding reproductions, which, being information, are never \"silent and still\" (31)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\"Their historical testimony is literally there before our eyes\"; diminishes temporal distance between creative act, perception</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">innocence mandates abstinence from a) overarching/imposed sociopolitical view and b) ignorance</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">usually experience publicity images as passing us whereas we are the ones passing them (130)</span></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">in relation to Depcition.5(1): \"existing social conditions make the individual feel powerless\"<br /></span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Depiction</span></strong></p>\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">non-European traditions: ex. of sexual attraction - active portrayal of shared sexual love r/t object of sexual desire (53) vs in Eur traditions, nakedness points to some aspect of individiuality (52)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">additional relationship b2n artist, depicted emerge in the painting itself, a relationship to which the spectator remains an outsider (58)</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">conjunctive to Seeing.7(1): photography shows nudity (i.e., nakedness <em>in process</em>) b/c moments of nakedness strung together construct fantasy, whereas one moment is banal and \"will be chilling\" (60)</span></span></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">necessary element of temporality (61)</span></span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">oil paintings contain embedded itent of possession w/in art form (83-5)</span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Levi-Strauss: \"instrument of possession\" (Renaissance) (86)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">articulated looking rooted in new attitudes towards exchange, property ~ commodification (87) (admits exceptions of exceptional artists)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">deceptive b/c fills \"reality\"  by \"implication\" (89) (e.g., texture e/t 2D)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">inable to render the metaphysical b/c inable to \"free itself of its original propensity to procure the tangible for the immediate pleasure of the owner\" (92)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">credits Blake as exceptional to latter point vis-a-vis unusual insight into \"the meaning and limitations of the tradition\" (93)</span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993366;\">publicity images form a language that parades glamor, or \"the state of being envied\" (131), which relies on a lack of sharing (133)</span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">contradistinguishes glamour from grace, elegance, authority of the past, for the former relies on the existence of \"widespread\" \"social envy\" (148)<br /></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ol> \n<ul style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n</ul>",
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                {
                    "tag": "ch1"
                },
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                    "tag": "mode of perception"
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            "dateAdded": "2009-10-18T15:02:04Z",
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            "note": "<p>Lecture - 21.10.09</p>\n<p>\"sociology of art\"</p>\n<p>berger</p>\n<ol>\n<li>clearer understanding of art + ...view of art history + of [lived] world today</li>\n<li>marxist view: today = f(history) r/t f(natural, inevitable) ~ reinventing the past in the interests of the present: art, cult there4 pol issues</li>\n<li>ptg-prop-ideol</li>\n<li>ptg n/o prop b/a + @ prop depiction (esp oil ptg)<span style=\"color: #888888;\"> [Depiction 4.3]</span>: reveals owner's (burgeouise's) attit to prop and there4 to proletariat</li>\n<li>mementomori = remember the transience of life (art-historical/ philosophical)  \n<ul>\n<li>\"the ambassadors\" ~ skull (as a symbol of 5.)</li>\n<li>optical illusions <span style=\"color: #888888;\">(implications wrt ephemerality vs permanence?)</span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #888888;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">interretive challlenges: contemporary ex of baseball cap worn backwards (q of intoxication, taste, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">fashion</span>: even generational hindsight</span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> attests to this 3rd pt)</span></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #888888;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">enter Peter Fuller</span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #888888;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">art as evidence of n/o society (whole) b/a as one unfairly imbalanced towards men (active/passive, act/appear, subj/obj)</span></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #888888;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>ideal </em>viewer = male (presumably)</span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #888888;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>situational </em>tension? wherein lies the diff b2n explicit art and pornographic imgs?<span style=\"color: #999999;\"> (difference wrt intention?)</span> <span style=\"color: #999999;\">categories as contradistinction?</span><br /></span></span></li>\n</ol>",
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            "note": "<h3 style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Notes (Main)<span style=\"color: #993300;\"> </span></h3>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><em>cs</em> conscious, <em>csc </em>consciousness</span><span style=\"color: #993300;\">, <em>R</em> reality, <em>F</em> fantasy, <em>A</em> art<br /></span></p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Works of Art and Mere Real Things</span></h4>\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n<li>title ~ leading question (law) (3)</li>\n<li>likens diff b2n \"basic action and a mere bodily movement\" to that b2n \"an artwork and a mere thing\" in that he disagrees that \"the artwork just is the material from which it is made\" (5)</li>\n<li>draws on Wittgenstein        \n<ul>\n<li>differentiate artwork from obj by eval(conformity to intention vs [emotive] expressivity) (6)</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>tries to address Q of \"what is art?\" by w/theory of art as mimetic (in base, simple terms) (7) using a hypothetical ex. of a mirror<br /> \n<ul>\n<li>proposition: mirror as artwork? it itself 'mirrors' but is in no significant sense an imitation</li>\n<li>inverse: mimesis w/o mirroring</li>\n<li>...no insight here: mimesis perhaps <em>necessary</em>, but certainly not <em>sufficient </em>(8)</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">r/t pure imitation, which would seem futile, \"serve instead as instruments of self-revelatoin\" (ex. of Hamlet) (9)</span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Sartre: the only csc is that which is cs of itself (10)<br /> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">simultaneously subject &amp; object - \"I discover that I have an outside in a way logically inseparable from my discovery that others have an inside.\"</span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Plato: n/t art = mimetic, but such art undesirable (11)</span> \n<ul>\n<li>\"appearances of appearances\" (12) --&gt; ontologically inferior</li>\n<li>distraction from things, which owe their ontology to forms; art, philosophy \"antithetical\"</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">suggests closer look @ gap b2n imitation&amp;reality as a possibly \"more perspicuous way of appreciating the gap between art and life\" (13)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">resemblance, imitation separate</span><br /></span></li>\n<li>Aristotle: pleasure in imitation (14); knowledge of <em>x </em>being an imitation<em> y</em> presupposes pleasure (knowl abt pleasure's src ID)  \n<ul>\n<li>what about children, for whom imitation may be pleasurable (less so) but not b/c of the cognitive knowledge that <em>x</em> = <em>y</em>?</li>\n<li>interpreted thus, applicable only to those from whom correspondent reality differs (i.e., what abt the pleasure of realizing imitations?) (15) --&gt; + another cognitive component: knowl abt explanation of pleasure (i.e., why is <em>x</em> pleasurable?)</li>\n<li>worthwhile to discern diff b2n R, F (which is prerequisite for all of the former) b/c insight into that b2n A, R: requires approach distinct from discerning diff b2n r<sub>1</sub>, r<sub>2</sub> (or f<sub>1</sub>, f<sub>2</sub>)</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>imitations n/o false things b/have + f(g=representation(real)) [uses Nietzche's <em>B.Tragedy</em>] (18)<br /> \n<ul>\n<li>g(1) = re-presentation (as if in the presence of the presented itself) (19)-</li>\n<li>g(2) = proxy (descriptive)</li>\n<li>g<sub>art</sub>(1)? (20)</li>\n<li>diff b2n g(1), g(2) seem to rely on chg in conceptualz of how each respective appearance is situated to R (21)</li>\n<li>possible error of ascription to x, those \"attitudes and expectations appropriate only to its [real] counterpart on a different ontological plane\"</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">10.4 =&gt; cannot leverage (dispassionate attention - Kant's <em>Critique</em>) as sole criterion b/c dispassionate attit is employable for <em>any </em>object (22)<br /></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">nonmimetic features essential to art (e.g., Orson Welles '30s broadcast inciting fear)</span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> (24) (links to cognitive component#1: 1-1.9</span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">)</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nietszche: Aethetic Socratism (rationality dilutes A)</span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> (25)</span></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">also ref Goodman, Socrates (<em>Republic</em>.10), Lewis Carroll ~ \"...if art is to have any f(x) at all, it must be exercised thru what it does <em>not </em>have in common with life...\"(26). (success \"unattainable\" thru mimesis)</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\"...the essence of art, in this new theory, lies in precisely what cannot be understood through simple extensions of the same principles that serve us in daily life\" (27).</span></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">issues: 1) such a theory relies on a theory it rejects (mimesis) &amp; 2) </span></span><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">i2: semantics unfix-ed&amp;-able </span></span><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(28)</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Danto's foci, however</span></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">a) how to distinguish object \"discontinuous w/R\" from new R? &amp; b) new R =A?</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">what of objects continuous w/R? \"novelty cannot be located whre <em>this</em> theory seeks to locate it\"</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">what of incidents that are art simply bvo their occurrence in an \"artistic\" medium, e.g., theater? can vouch for neither its (dis)continuity w/R nor its excellence in imitation (as such, mimesis would be unnecessary!)</span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">=&gt; art as institutionally defined (29)</span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A, then, a convention insolong A = f(R's comparison/contrast(features)) (30-1): \"dialectical comedy\" in line w/conventional theory of art</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">counter: conventions of <em>honors</em>, though (artwork has honor of being such), and how are these <em>\"earned</em>\"? \"And what about <em>defeating </em>conditions?<br /></span></span></li>\n</ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Content and Causation</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li>establishing artwork's identity (33)<br /> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Borges's <em>Pierre Menard, Symbolist Poet;</em> Sartre's <em>Nausea</em>; Keat's \"Ode to a Grecian Urn\"; Schopenhauer(33-4)<em><br /></em></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">poem's </span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">relationship w/its copie<span style=\"color: #000000;\">s</span></span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> // Platonic</span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">F</span>orm's w/f<sub>1</sub>...f<sub>n </sub>(33)</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">how to distinguish b2n 2 copies of diff works &amp; 2 of same? Leibniz: property comparison vs Borges: diversion away from what is discernible by eye (e.g.,location in the history of an artform+artworks' relationship to their artist(s)) (35)</span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">borrowing from others</span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">distinction from forgery relies on knowl that \"copy\" refers to earlier work in its being a \"copy\" w/o being a copy (36): \"But if one of them, in a letter of his own, should quote the letter, what he writes is not a copy, since it denotes the letter rather than what the letter itself denotes and has, in consequence, a different subject and o a different meaning. It is a general truth that quotationsn do not really possess the properties possessed by what is quoted: they <em>show</em> something that has those properties but do not have themselves\" (37).</span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">ex's: (x's use of y) Borges's <em>Captains Courageous</em>, <em>Huckleberry Finn</em>; Pound's <em>Cantos</em>; Eliot's lines from other poems</span></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">reference to 1-8; also applies to reserving judgment on whether an artist repeats himself (38)</span></span></span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Goodman: suggests aesth diff +imp in a work vs Danto's concern is ontological and whether ontology affects aesthetics (42)</span></span></span></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">G dismisses concern of indiscernibility as momentary (perceptual differences necessarily eventually emerge)</span></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">G assumes all aesthetic differences = perceptual (43)</span></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Danto Q whether differences must be perceptual, esp in this matter of provenance (44)</span></span></span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">similar works: later work perhaps not A b/c anachronistic (historical element) </span></span></span></span><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> (45) </span></span></span></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">// Borges: context infused in ways often that are indivisible/inextractable at level of [characteristic] attribution (47)</span></span></span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(Descartes's <em>Meditations</em>: representational theory) causal constrast: ex.of World Trade Ctr photograph bvo WTC's actual existence enabling photograph's existence vs an img on photographic paper that appeared mysteriously ~ diff entities (48)</span></span></span></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\"a photograph is only of what causes and resembles it\" (49)</span></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">inherent presumption that representation must be <em>of </em>something<br /></span></span></span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(Wittgenstein's <em>Investigations</em>: cause prerequisite to [identifying correct] meaning) ex. of sum of integrals as occurring in a tribe's decor, but equating its meaning to what is supposed contemporarily depends on \"how these marks arrived on a surface\" (50): notations' meanings enables q-ing of whether syntax exists and then, what it means</span></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2-6+2-7 =&gt; \"forgery...too stands in the wrong relation to its maker to be supposed a statement of his\" (51) (innocent oblivion, q of motive)</span></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">raises possibility of artwork transcending A, R by incorporating the boundaries b2n the latter into itself--\"by incorporating a definition of itself as such\" (51)</span></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">use of materials in rendition: Shiko Munakata (modern Japanese woodcut master) - \"'If there is anything here that is inferior to an uncarved block, then I have not created my print.'\" from Charles E. Tuttle's 1958, ed Yojuro Yasuda, <em>Shiko Munakata</em> p.5</span></span></span></span></li>\n</ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Philosophy and Art</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(previous) philosophy discusses only those elements of A as they are/become relevant to the broader philosophical network [of objects of inquiry] (55)</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(current) symbiotic relat b2n the 2 wrt A's essence (57) - Hegel on history: inevitable that x becomes cs of itself (56)</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">definability of A and its philosophy dep on boundary demarcation b2n phil, A (57)</span></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">intuitive r/t discursive grasp of what A is</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Wittgenstein's <em>Tractacus</em> &amp; <em>Investigation </em>(apply games analysis to artwork), Morris Weitz; William <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Kennick's \"Does Traditional Aesthetics Rest on a Mistake?\" </span>in <em>Mind</em> (57-61)</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">perceptually indiscernibl</span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">alternative approach: performative r/t descriptive; r/t features, what about identifying A based on whether it maintains a certain relationship w/something else? (63) (applied after Mandelbaum's similar analysis w/games)</span></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">purely relational approach also fails bvo ignoring uniqiue characteritics of the entities in relationship (64) (representation via mathematical relations is overly reductive)</span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">relationship b2n imitation, resemblance (66-71)</span></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">imitation <em>r</em> possible in absence of original <em>q</em> (i.e., no <em>of</em>): <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">no</span> relationship? (68)</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">if imitation an intensional concept, then need only to satisfy resemblance condition if an external <em>q </em>exists for which <em>r </em>is an imitation (69) <span style=\"color: #808080;\"><span style=\"color: #666699;\">[see 2-5]</span><br /></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">name w/o bearer = noise (Russell) b/imitations don't follow same logic and \"collapse into...noise\" (70)</span></span></span></span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">dual meaning of imitations (71)<br /></span></span></span></span></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">a)  \"what it stands for, or what it denotes, or...what its extension is\" (internal [sense of rep])<br /></span></span></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">b) \"and what it stands for, or what it denotes, or its extension, has at times been regarded as the meaing of the term\" (includes relational dim; external)</span></span></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">correspond to Frege's the sense (Sinn) vs reference the (Bedeutung) (72)</span></span></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">two ways of representational characterz</span></span></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Goodman underscores that resemblance is not a necessary condition for representation</span></span></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\"Identifying something as a picture of x--or an <em>x</em>-picture--is an exercise of recognition, but we do not, in tihs sense, recognize names\" (74).<br /></span></span></span></span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ol>",
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            "note": "<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">I</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li>Susanne Langer (<em>Philosophy in a New Key</em>): recurrent pattern of certain ideas bursting into ideological landscape as a promise to explain everything (3)</li>\n<li>cultural analysis is interpretive w/meaning as goal (5)</li>\n</ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">II</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li>calls for applied operationalism to cultural analysis to understands signifying structures (6)</li>\n<li>ex of ethnography (Gilbert Ryle's \"'thick description'\"): \"a stratified hierarchy of meaningful structures\" (twitch, wink, parody, ...) (7)</li>\n<li>problem w/ethnography is its inclination towards observation r/t interpretation: we presume backgd info w/firsthand exam (9)</li>\n<li>proposes a requisite exam of structures w/r/t their \"social ground and import\"</li>\n<li>(first) ethnographic challenge remains seeing through the seeming ephemerality of thick descriptions (10)</li>\n</ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">III</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li>anthropology misconceives q of culture as debate b2n subjective, obj; human action = symbolic and there4 such a q is unaskable</li>\n<li>ontological status irrelevant b/c in any case, worldly; real q concerns \"their import\"</li>\n<li>such analysis overlooked by tendencies \"to reify\" and \"to reduce\" culture (11)</li>\n<li>attacks culture's \"privacy theories of meaning\" (12)</li>\n<li>differences in understanding not psychological, but structuralist/symbolic (13)</li>\n</ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">IV</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li>apprehending interpretation (and scaling it) demands precise callibration of the interpreted's formulations of its symbolic systems abt which interpretation occurs (14)</li>\n<li>underscores need for awareness concerning the inseparability of \"the mode of representation and substantive content\" (16)</li>\n</ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">V</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li>culture's meaning evident in its lived behavior r/t than available thru a disrobing of the underlying relationships b2n its [these] artifacts in motion (17)</li>\n<li>calls into Q the reliability of coherence as a criterion for validity [of cultural analysis]</li>\n<li>\"A good interpretation of anything...takes us into the heart of that of which it is the interpretation\" (18); further, \"TO set forth symmetrical crystals of significance, purified of the material complexity in which they were located, and then attribute their existence to autogeneous principles of order...is to...imagine a reality that cannot be found\" (20).</li>\n</ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">VI</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li>3 features of ethnographic description: interpretive, --of social discourse, --in a way that attempts to preserve for revistation and perusal</li>\n<li>anthropologists' fallacous models (21)<br /> \n<ul>\n<li>Jonesville-is-theUSA/\"microcosmic\"</li>\n<li>Easter-Island-is-a-testing-case/\"natural experiment\"</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\"...where an interpretation comes from does not determine where it can be impelled to go\" (23)</li>\n</ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">VII</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li>interpretion resista conceptualization, but cultural theory as a science must be conceptualized (24)</li>\n<li>cultural theory   \n<ul>\n<li> \"is not its own master\" (25)</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>is not predictive (26): resituation of elements within a frame r/t extrapolation</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>social confoundment occurs when cultural forms are called forth in atypical contexts (vs cease operation) (28)</li>\n</ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">VIII</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\"Cultural analysis is intrinsically incomplete\" (29); depth, incompleteness dir-ly related</li>\n<li>\"...interpretive anthropology['s]...progress is marked less by a perfection of consensus than by a refinement of debate.\"</li>\n<li>\"The essential vocation of interpretive anthropology is not to answer our deepest questions, but to make available to us answers that others...have given...\" (30).</li>\n</ol>\n<p> </p>\n<p> </p>\n<p> </p>",
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            "note": "<h3>Notes</h3>\n<p>Focus: \"exploring the interconnexions b2n the diff f(x)s perf by the same item of culture\" (337)</p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Myths (</span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">non-sociological</span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">,</span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">sociological<span style=\"color: #000000;\">,</span> <span style=\"color: #993300;\">structuralist</span>)</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li>not errors b/c ref to <em>x</em> that can't exist</li>\n<li>features       \n<ul>\n<li>\"narrative of events\" (narrative being somehow sacred) [so, not general ideas, legends]</li>\n<li>symbolically communicated</li>\n<li>part/all ref to <em>myths-1</em> [not history]<em><br /></em></li>\n<li>narrative's \"dramatic form\" refers to \"origins or transformations\" [not legends]</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Comparative theories</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li>[can] explain diff myth components (338)</li>\n<li>taxonomy rests on degrees of diff<br /> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">explanation (stage-specific)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">symbolism (end in itself)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">expr{ucs}</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">f(solidarity, unity maintenance)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">f(legitimizing society's structures, traditions)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">symbolic expr{social structure}</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\">structuralism</span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Formulations &amp; critique (respectively fr above)</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">(a)</span> <span style=\"color: #800080;\">Frazer: literal; (b) Taylor: metaphorical personalz </span></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">+: men have intellects</span></li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">- </span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">why is myth \"social in character\"</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">how does it account for the formation of a social grp's ID? (339)</span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">(a) Mueller; (b) Cassirer: perception of expr itself r/t sci&amp;phil (of things) // humans' double exper(world) </span><br /> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">+ </span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">myth a symbolic structuring of world</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">relates to mind projected on world</span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">- </span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">no rationale for double mode</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">mythopoeic thought = essentialism overtones (339-40)</span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">(a) Jung: nature of human mind, universal ucs localized in myths; (b) Freud: expr{fundamental properties} in \"what produces myth? and what do mythical symbols mean?\", msgs coded + set(msgs) condensed (341), myths as daydreams employing condensation, displacement, splitting<br /></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> only -<br /></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Jung - myth as \"irreducible mental property\" (340)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Freud - why do men construct myths r/t daydreams? (341), why are they true for others, why is their sharing imp socially, culturally?</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">weak case for necessity of psychoanalytical interpretation (343)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">ucs meaning apparent only if interpreted o/w</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">no explanation for myths' social significance</span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Cohen's propositional sol'ns (all \"fail\")<br /></span> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">qualified, as holding for select symbols (341)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">ensures recognition of daydreams (342)</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\">temporal constraints locate moral values as earlier est posts (343)</span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">(a) Durkheim: reps values of social life, articulates social structure (343), categorical framework for world (344); (b) Malinowski: diff in 1) lacks epistemological, 2) has \"earthy pragmatism\", focused on \"justificatory msg\"</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">(a) Raglan: myth as ritual (as Durkheim's #1); (b) Graves: D's #1 + there4, historicization thereof (345)<br /></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Leach: myth &amp; ritual communicate identical info bvo diff means; captures and integrates previous 2 theories; weakness of all sociological theories seems to be its inability to ans why myth itself must be used to explain those truths that they claim myths do</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Levi-Strauss</span><ol>\n<li> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\">myth doesn't explain world events b/c other means available (346)</span></li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\"precursor of...the sci of abstract relations\"</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\">main f(x) = mediative (ex. Oedipus myth sets up contradictions b2n man's autochthuonous and non- nature &amp; mediates); recurring analysis of opposition b2n nature, culture<br /></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ol><ol>\n<li> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\"all cultural forms express basic structural characteristics of the mind\": binary iterations</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\">structure = key b/c =&gt; content = reversible --&gt; diff from narratives (wherein sequential integrity = inviolable); treats myths' narrative facet as secondary if not irrelevant (349)<br /></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ol> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Purpose?</span></li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Does mythical thought exist and if so, what characterizes it? (347)</span></li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\">+</span></li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\">draws att to central feature of conflict expr</span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\">highlights \"a level of enquiry--the subliminal intellect--which has been negelected/ignored for too long\" (348)<br /></span></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\">-</span></li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\">lacks coherent formul'n (345)<br /></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\">dialectic: psychological or process or convenient deployment of logic wrt means of persuasion? 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            "note": "<h3>Notes</h3>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">The Raid</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li>he&amp;wife attend Balinese cockfight (illegal) in midst of police raid</li>\n<li>the whole crowd/scene/stadium = \"superorganism\"; within it, they were invisible</li>\n<li>by contrast, in village: mainstage act</li>\n<li>community's acceptance of them apparent in the couple getting teased; privy to \"'peasant mentality'\"</li>\n</ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Of Cocks and Men</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\"deep psychological identification of Balinese men w/their cocks\"</li>\n<li>much of social discourse b. on comparisons b2n former 2</li>\n<li>Balinese revulsion against animal-like: babies forbidden to crawl; incest +/t bestiality; eating hurriedly</li>\n<li>\"...the Balinese man identifying not just with his ideal self, or even his penis, but also, and at the sametime, with what he most fears, hates, and ambivalence being what it is, is fascinated by--The Powers of Darkness.\"</li>\n<li>as such, entrenched belief in spirits, sacrifices, ...</li>\n</ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">The Fight<br /></span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li>everyone somehow participates (in the most peripheral sense, akin to bystanders who aren't really \"watching\")</li>\n<li>[describes technicalities of setup, rules, ...]</li>\n<li>analogous to Erving Goffman's \"'focused gathering'--gathering\"-a set of persons engrossed in a common flow of activity and relating to one another in terms of that flow\"</li>\n</ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Odds and Even Money</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Balinese overcomplicate</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[describes betting particulars]</span></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">conjures q of the implications and meaning of <em>depth </em>in Balinese betting</span></span></li>\n</ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Playing with Fire</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Jerry Bentham's concept of \"'deep play'\": \"play </span></span>in which the stakes are so high that it is, from his utilitarian standpoint, irrational for men to engage in it at all\"</li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">depth derived not fr amt of $ but fr what that $ incites: \"</span></span>the migration of the Balinese status hierarchy into the body of the cockfight\"; \"a simulation of the social matrix\"; Goffman - \"'a status bloodbath'\"</li>\n<li>[delineates hiearchal information embedded and/or (choice depends on the specific tenet) played out in cockfights]; =&gt; sociological-social ties</li>\n</ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Conclusion</span></h4>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">cockfight significant n/b reinforces existing social beliefs, b/b provides metasocial commentary</span></span>: \"[The cockfight’s] function, if you want to call it that, is interpretive: it is a Balinese reading of Balinese experience; a story they tell themselves about themselves.\"</li>\n</ol>",
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            "note": "<h3>Comments</h3>\n<p><strong>1-4.4</strong></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Insofar can this self-revelation be useful, if it is based in one's <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">conception</span> of oneself?<br /></span></p>\n<p><strong>1-5.1</strong></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Confusing. If the internal (csc cs of itself) and external (csc cs of objects) discoveries are inseparable, then the reference here is to individual csc? Sartre's Pour-soi (csc cs of itself) distinguishes itself from the objects of which it is cs and sees itself as separate; implication thus is at the psychological level of recognition rather than the metaphysical? Otherwise how are the two states of cs recognition separate for purposes beyond [Sartre's] pedagogy? Note that Danto includes that without the simultaneous recognition of inside-outside, \"the experience of itself as <em>Pour-soi...</em>would have been metaphysically sideless\" (10). ~Ontological split</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1-6</strong></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Perhaps Plato overlooks the potential of art to bring one to the most fundamental ontology, i.e., that which he considers is the only ontology? He might have focused on the conflated result of canvas and artwork (to use Danto's words) at the expense of acknowledging/realizing not only that a difference exists, but that it is one arguably located in the experiential realm. LU Plato's writings on experience.<br /></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1-7</strong></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">This approach should be fruitful or, at the least, insightful wrt that element--that I hypothesize is experiential--that unites art, life and imitation, reality.</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1-11</strong></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Is tihs a reason underpinning the view of art as a subset of aesthetics r/t the reverse?</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">anything that follows</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2-1.4</strong></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Why, then, is so much faith placed in modern medicine without the seeming level of qualification a general truth such as it is claimed here, necessitates?</span></p>",
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