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"alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/KB5WS36M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/KB5WS36M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bruschi and Pinto", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KB5WS36M", "version": 192, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Parasitic Infections Involving the Central Nervous System", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fabrizio", "lastName": "Bruschi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Barbara", "lastName": "Pinto" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Pathogens", 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"date": "2012", "publisher": "Springer", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "483–550", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-16911-3_32", "accessDate": "2014-04-18T14:14:50Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-18T14:18:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-18T14:18:18Z" } }, { "key": "RSS5GSDH", "version": 169, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/RSS5GSDH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": 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"PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH", "8QFQVCUA", "E6BR434W", "XRTS6Q6R" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-02-28T18:46:21Z", "dateModified": "2014-02-28T18:46:21Z" } }, { "key": "ARDF4STA", "version": 166, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/ARDF4STA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/ARDF4STA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bruschi and Pinto", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ARDF4STA", "version": 166, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Parasitic Infections Involving the Central Nervous System", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fabrizio", "lastName": "Bruschi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Barbara", "lastName": "Pinto" } ], "abstractNote": "Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) represent a large family of over twenty different secreted or membrane-bound endopeptidases, involved in many physiological (embryogenesis, precursor or stem cell mobilization, tissue remodeling during wound healing, etc.), as well as pathological (inflammation, tumor progression and metastasis in cancer, vascular pathology, etc.) conditions. For a long time, MMPs were considered only for the ability to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules (e.g., collagen, laminin, fibronectin) and to release hidden epitopes from the ECM. In the last few years, it has been fully elucidated that these molecules have many other functions, mainly related to the immune response, in consideration of their effects on cytokines, hormones and chemokines. Among others, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are endopeptidases of the MMP family produced by neutrophils, macrophages and monocytes. When infection is associated with leukocyte influx into specific organs, immunopathology and collateral tissue damage may occur. In this review, the involvement of MMPs and, in particular, of gelatinases in both protozoan and helminth infections will be described. In cerebral malaria, for example, MMPs play a role in the pathogenesis of such diseases. Also, trypanosomosis and toxoplasmosis will be considered for protozoan infections, as well as neurocysticercosis and angiostrongyloidosis, as regards helminthiases. All these situations have in common the proteolytic action on the blood brain barrier, mediated by MMPs.", "publicationTitle": "Pathogens", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "2", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "105-129", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3390/pathogens2010105", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-02-28T18:46:21Z", "dateModified": "2014-02-28T18:46:21Z" } }, { "key": "4AZB7UEC", "version": 166, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/4AZB7UEC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/4AZB7UEC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bastos et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-07-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4AZB7UEC", "version": 166, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Parasite Prolyl Oligopeptidases and the Challenge of Designing Chemotherapeuticals for Chagas Disease, Leishmaniasis and African Trypanosomiasis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I.", "lastName": "Bastos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Motta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Grellier" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Santana" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Current Medicinal Chemistry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013-07-01", "volume": "20", "issue": "25", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3103-3115", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2174/0929867311320250006", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.eurekaselect.com/112891/article", "accessDate": "2014-02-28T18:45:06Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "09298673", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-02-28T18:46:21Z", "dateModified": "2014-02-28T18:46:21Z" } }, { "key": "Q7BXB9ZA", "version": 166, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/Q7BXB9ZA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/Q7BXB9ZA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Farina et al.", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Q7BXB9ZA", "version": 166, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Bile carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEAM6) as a biomarker of malignant biliary stenoses", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Annarita", "lastName": "Farina" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean-Marc", "lastName": "Dumonceau" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paola", "lastName": "Antinori" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Isabelle", "lastName": "Annessi-Ramseyer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean-Louis", "lastName": "Frossard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Denis F.", "lastName": "Hochstrasser" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Myriam", "lastName": "Delhaye" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pierre", "lastName": "Lescuyer" } ], "abstractNote": "Differentiating malignant from nonmalignant biliary stenoses is challenging. This could be facilitated by the measurement of cancer biomarkers in bile. We aimed at (i) identifying new cancer biomarkers by comparative proteomic analysis of bile collected from patients with a malignant or benign biliary stenosis (exploratory phase) and (ii) verifying the accuracy of the newly identified potential biomarkers for discriminating malignant versus nonmalignant biliary stenoses in a larger group of patients (confirmation phase). Overall, 66 proteins were found overexpressed (ratio > 1.5) in at least one cancer condition using proteomic analysis and 7 proteins were increased in all malignant/nonmalignant disease comparisons. Preliminary screening by immunoblot highlighted carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEAM6), a cell surface protein overexpressed in many human cancers, as an interesting candidate biomarker. ELISA subsequently confirmed CEAM6 as a potential bile biomarker for distinguishing malignant from benign biliary stenoses with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 (specificity 83%, sensitivity 93%, positive predictive value 93%, and negative predictive value 83%). No significant difference in serum CEAM6 level was found between malignant and nonmalignant samples. Combining bile CEAM6 and serum CA19-9 in a panel further improved diagnostic accuracy for malignant stenoses (AUC 0.96, specificity 83%, sensitivity 97%, positive predictive value 93%, and negative predictive value 91%). CEAM6 measurement in bile could be clinically useful to discriminate between malignant and nonmalignant causes of biliary stenosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biomarkers: A Proteomic Challenge.", "publicationTitle": "Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics", "DOI": "10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.06.010", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570963913002410", "accessDate": "2014-02-28T18:45:55Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1570-9639", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "CEACAM6", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cholangiocarcinoma", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "NCA-90", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pancreatic cancer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Proteomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "iTRAQ", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-02-28T18:46:21Z", "dateModified": "2014-02-28T18:46:21Z" } }, { "key": "XIHVAMTN", "version": 173, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/XIHVAMTN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/XIHVAMTN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Holzmuller et al.", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XIHVAMTN", "version": 173, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Proteomics: a new way to improve human African trypanosomiasis diagnosis?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philippe", "lastName": "Holzmuller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pascal", "lastName": "Grébaut" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Silla", "lastName": "Semballa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mary Isabel", "lastName": "Gonzatti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anne", "lastName": "Geiger" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Expert Review of Proteomics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "06/2013", "volume": "10", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "289-301", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1586/epr.13.14", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.expert-reviews.com/doi/abs/10.1586/epr.13.14", "accessDate": "2013-11-24T11:02:56Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1478-9450, 1744-8387", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Proteomics", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH", "8QFQVCUA", "E6BR434W", "TZNGZ92U", "XRTS6Q6R" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-24T11:04:09Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-24T11:04:09Z" } }, { "key": "HNBGQQ5D", "version": 173, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/HNBGQQ5D", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/HNBGQQ5D", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Holzmuller et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-01-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HNBGQQ5D", "version": 173, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Proteomics and African Trypanosomes: Shedding New Light on Host–Vector–Parasite Interactions and Impact on Control Methods", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philippe", "lastName": "Holzmuller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pascal", "lastName": "Grébaut" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anne", "lastName": "Geiger" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Stefan", "lastName": "Magez" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Magdalena", "lastName": "Radwanska" } ], "abstractNote": "Most mammalian and vector host species have acquired strategies by selective pressure to mislead the trypanosome and to win the fight during their molecular dialogue. Due to the same evolutionary pressure, trypanosomes have acquired strategies to bypass the host defences and to ensure the completion of their complex life cycles. Elucidation of these complex molecular crosstalks will improve the understanding of trypanosomes’ variability with respect to virulence and pathogenicity, will help to define trypansome-specific host biomarkers and will help to refine control strategies for African trypanosomoses. Advances in proteomics applications have provided new insights on African trypanosomes and on the biochemical interactions with their tsetse vectors and mammalian hosts. In this chapter, we present the interest of proteomics to characterise trypanosomes–hosts interactions, a synthetic review of proteomics studies performed on the parasite and its respective hosts, a discussion on the contributions and pitfalls of using diverse proteomics tools, a view for future prospects on proteomics dedicated to African trypanosomes and a projection of new conceptual approaches (i.e. metabolomics, interactomics, population proteomics) to accurately decipher insect vector–trypanosome–mammalian host interactions, with the idea of further developing new tools to improve trypanosomoses control.", "bookTitle": "Trypanosomes and Trypanosomiasis", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2014/01/01", "publisher": "Springer Vienna", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "161-187", "ISBN": "978-3-7091-1555-8, 978-3-7091-1556-5", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7091-1556-5_7", "accessDate": "2013-11-24T11:02:43Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Proteomics and African Trypanosomes", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "©2014 Springer-Verlag Wien", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Infectious Diseases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Microbiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Parasitology", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH", "8QFQVCUA", "E6BR434W", "K2HIHR6Q", "TZNGZ92U", "XRTS6Q6R" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-24T11:04:09Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-24T11:04:09Z" } }, { "key": "QNBIB3VZ", "version": 68, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/QNBIB3VZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/QNBIB3VZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tiberti et al.", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QNBIB3VZ", "version": 68, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Neopterin Is a Cerebrospinal Fluid Marker for Treatment Outcome Evaluation in Patients Affected by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Sleeping Sickness", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Natalia", "lastName": "Tiberti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Veerle", "lastName": "Lejon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alexandre", "lastName": "Hainard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bertrand", "lastName": "Courtioux" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xavier", "lastName": "Robin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Natacha", "lastName": "Turck" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Krister", "lastName": "Kristensson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Enock", "lastName": "Matovu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John Charles", "lastName": "Enyaru" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dieudonné", "lastName": "Mumba Ngoyi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sanjeev", "lastName": "Krishna" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sylvie", "lastName": "Bisser" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joseph Mathu", "lastName": "Ndung′u" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philippe", "lastName": "Büscher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean-Charles", "lastName": "Sanchez" } ], "abstractNote": "Author SummaryThe reduction of the number of lumbar punctures performed during the follow-up of patients affected by sleeping sickness (HAT) is considered a research priority. Follow-up, consisting of the examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for presence of parasites and for the number of leukocytes, is necessary to assess treatment outcome. However, diagnosis of treatment failure is still imperfect and WHO encourages improvements in defining criteria. Many studies have attempted to standardize actual methods and to define a cut-off for the number of white blood cells in CSF to define relapses, while only few have proposed alternatives to current practice. Here we show that neopterin, already proven to be a powerful marker for staging T. b. gambiense HAT, is also useful in evaluating post-therapeutic outcome. The measurement of neopterin concentration in CSF during the follow-up may allow reduction in the number of lumbar punctures from five to three for the majority of cured patients.", "publicationTitle": "PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "février 28, 2013", "volume": "7", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e2088", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PLoS Negl Trop Dis", "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pntd.0002088", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002088", "accessDate": "2013-03-09T14:42:49Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PLoS Negl Trop Dis", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 23469311", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH", "75VPBAXC", "E6BR434W", "NPRXC88X", "TZNGZ92U", "XRTS6Q6R" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-03-09T14:43:34Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-09T14:52:32Z" } }, { "key": "AKPX2PHN", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/AKPX2PHN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/AKPX2PHN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mannello and Medda", "parsedDate": "2012-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AKPX2PHN", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Nuclear localization of Matrix metalloproteinases", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ferdinando", "lastName": "Mannello" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Virginia", "lastName": "Medda" } ], "abstractNote": "Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were originally identified as matrixin proteases that act in the extracellular matrix. Recent works have uncovered nontraditional roles for MMPs in the extracellular space as well as in the cytosol and nucleus. There is strong evidence that subspecialized and compartmentalized matrixins participate in many physiological and pathological cellular processes, in which they can act as both degradative and regulatory proteases. In this review, we discuss the transcriptional and translational control of matrixin expression, their regulation of intracellular sorting, and the structural basis of activation and inhibition. In particular, we highlight the emerging roles of various matrixin forms in diseases. The activity of matrix metalloproteinases is regulated at several levels, including enzyme activation, inhibition, complex formation and compartmentalization. Most MMPs are secreted and have their function in the extracellular environment. MMPs are also found inside cells, both in the nucleus, cytosol and organelles. The role of intracellular located MMPs is still poorly understood, although recent studies have unraveled some of their functions. The localization, activation and activity of MMPs are regulated by their interactions with other proteins, proteoglycan core proteins and / or their glycosaminoglycan chains, as well as other molecules. Complexes formed between MMPs and various molecules may also include interactions with noncatalytic sites. Such exosites are regions involved in substrate processing, localized outside the active site, and are potential binding sites of specific MMP inhibitors. Knowledge about regulation of MMP activity is essential for understanding various physiological processes and pathogenesis of diseases, as well as for the development of new MMP targeting drugs.", "publicationTitle": "Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "mars 2012", "volume": "47", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "27-58", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.proghi.2011.12.002", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079633611000350", "accessDate": "2012-03-30T11:21:46Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0079-6336", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Activation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Apoptosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Artery occlusion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brain", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Breast", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CCN2/TCGF gene", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cancer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chondrocyte", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Collagenase", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Connective", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cytosol", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Degradome", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Endothelial cell", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Extracellular matrix", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fibroblast", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Furin", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gelatinase", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Inflammation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Inhibition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Internalization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ischemia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Liver", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lung", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Matrilysin", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Matrix metalloproteinase", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Matrixin", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Membrane-type metalloproteinase", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Metzincin", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Myocyte", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuron", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nuclear localization sequence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nucleus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Oligodendrocyte", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PARP", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reperfusion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stem cell", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stromelysin", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Translocation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "XRCC1", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "stroke", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-03-30T11:22:17Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-06T10:21:41Z" } }, { "key": "7TZZXDPP", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/7TZZXDPP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/7TZZXDPP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tiberti et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7TZZXDPP", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Cerebrospinal Fluid Neopterin as Marker of the Meningo-Encephalitic Stage of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Sleeping Sickness", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Natalia", "lastName": "Tiberti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alexandre", "lastName": "Hainard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Veerle", "lastName": "Lejon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bertrand", "lastName": "Courtioux" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Enock", "lastName": "Matovu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John Charles", "lastName": "Enyaru" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xavier", "lastName": "Robin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Natacha", "lastName": "Turck" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Krister", "lastName": "Kristensson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dieudonné Mumba", "lastName": "Ngoyi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gedeão M. L.", "lastName": "Vatunga" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sanjeev", "lastName": "Krishna" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philippe", "lastName": "Büscher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sylvie", "lastName": "Bisser" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joseph Mathu", "lastName": "Ndung’u" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean-Charles", "lastName": "Sanchez" } ], "abstractNote": "BackgroundSleeping sickness, or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), is a protozoan disease that affects rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Determination of the disease stage, essential for correct treatment, represents a key issue in the management of patients. In the present study we evaluated the potential of CXCL10, CXCL13, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MMP-9, B2MG, neopterin and IgM to complement current methods for staging Trypanosoma brucei gambiense patients.Methods and FindingsFive hundred and twelve T. b. gambiense HAT patients originated from Angola, Chad and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (D.R.C.). Their classification as stage 2 (S2) was based on the number of white blood cells (WBC) (>5/µL) or presence of parasites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF concentration of the eight markers was first measured on a training cohort encompassing 100 patients (44 S1 and 56 S2). IgM and neopterin were the best in discriminating between the two stages of disease with 86.4% and 84.1% specificity respectively, at 100% sensitivity. When a validation cohort (412 patients) was tested, neopterin (14.3 nmol/L) correctly classified 88% of S1 and S2 patients, confirming its high staging power. On this second cohort, neopterin also predicted both the presence of parasites, and of neurological signs, with the same ability as IgM and WBC, the current reference for staging.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated that neopterin is an excellent biomarker for staging T. b. gambiense HAT patients. A rapid diagnostic test for detecting this metabolite in CSF could help in more accurate stage determination.", "publicationTitle": "PLoS ONE", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "juillet 18, 2012", "volume": "7", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e40909", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PLoS ONE", "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0040909", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040909", "accessDate": "2012-07-23T06:55:58Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PLoS ONE", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH", "75VPBAXC", "E6BR434W", "NPRXC88X", "TZNGZ92U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-23T07:00:59Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-23T07:00:59Z" } }, { "key": "TXW998ZP", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/TXW998ZP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/TXW998ZP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Masocha and Kristensson", "parsedDate": "2012-03-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TXW998ZP", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Passage of parasites across the blood-brain barrier", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Willias", "lastName": "Masocha" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Krister", "lastName": "Kristensson" } ], "abstractNote": "The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a structural and functional barrier that protects the central nervous system (CNS) from invasion by blood-borne pathogens including parasites. However, some intracellular and extracellular parasites can traverse the BBB during the course of infection and cause neurological disturbances and/or damage which are at times fatal. The means by which parasites cross the BBB and how the immune system controls the parasites within the brain are still unclear. In this review we present the current understanding of the processes utilized by two human neuropathogenic parasites, Trypanosoma brucei spp and Toxoplasma gondii, to go across the BBB and consequences of CNS invasion. We also describe briefly other parasites that can invade the brain and how they interact with or circumvent the BBB. The roles played by parasite-derived and host-derived molecules during parasitic and white blood cell invasion of the brain are discussed.", "publicationTitle": "Virulence", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012-03-01", "volume": "3", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "192-202", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.4161/viru.19178", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?SID=S2onk1Iobd%40mAf79kdJ&product=WOS&UT=WOS%3A000305607700014&SrcApp=Alerting&DestFail=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com&Init=Yes&action=retrieve&Func=Frame&customersID=Alerting&SrcAuth=Alerting&IsProductCode=Yes&mode=FullRecord", "accessDate": "2012-07-12T07:11:03Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2150-5594", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH", "E6BR434W" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-12T07:12:28Z", "dateModified": "2012-07-12T07:12:28Z" } }, { "key": "BUE4NSTT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/BUE4NSTT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/BUE4NSTT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bisser and Courtioux", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BUE4NSTT", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "La maladie du sommeil, fin d’une épidémie ?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Bisser" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Courtioux" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Revue Neurologique", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "3/2012", "volume": "168", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "230-238", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.neurol.2011.12.004", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.em-consulte.com/article/702050/alertePM", "accessDate": "2012-05-18T06:57:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00353787", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "fr", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH", "E6BR434W" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-05-18T06:58:06Z", "dateModified": "2012-05-18T06:58:06Z" } }, { "key": "WX52J7ER", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/WX52J7ER", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/WX52J7ER", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Seke Etet and Fawzi Mahomoodally", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WX52J7ER", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "New Insights in Staging and Chemotherapy of African Trypanosomiasis and Possible Contribution of Medicinal Plants", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul F.", "lastName": "Seke Etet" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Fawzi Mahomoodally" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "The Scientific World Journal", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "2012", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-16", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1100/2012/343652", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.tswj.com/2012/343652/", "accessDate": "2012-04-25T07:19:59Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1537-744X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH", "E6BR434W" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-04-25T07:21:09Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-25T07:21:09Z" } }, { "key": "WFCNNRWE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/WFCNNRWE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/WFCNNRWE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Seke Etet et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-04-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WFCNNRWE", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Sleep and Rhythm Changes at the Time of Trypanosoma brucei Invasion of the Brain Parenchyma in the Rat", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul F.", "lastName": "Seke Etet" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maria", "lastName": "Palomba" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Valeria", "lastName": "Colavito" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gigliola", "lastName": "Grassi-Zucconi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marina", "lastName": "Bentivoglio" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giuseppe", "lastName": "Bertini" } ], "abstractNote": "Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, is a severe disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei (T.b.). The disease hallmark is sleep alterations. Brain involvement in HAT is a crucial pathogenetic step for disease diagnosis and therapy. In this study, a rat model of African trypanosomiasis was used to assess changes of sleep-wake, rest-activity, and body temperature rhythms in the time window previously shown as crucial for brain parenchyma invasion by T.b. to determine potential biomarkers of this event. Chronic radiotelemetric monitoring in Sprague-Dawley rats was used to continuously record electroencephalogram, electromyogram, rest-activity, and body temperature in the same animals before (baseline recording) and after infection. Rats were infected with T.b. brucei. Data were acquired from 1 to 20 d after infection (parasite neuroinvasion initiates at 11–13 d post-infection in this model), and were compared to baseline values. Sleep parameters were manually scored from electroencephalographic-electromyographic tracings. Circadian rhythms of sleep time, slow-wave activity, rest-activity, and body temperature were studied using cosinor rhythmometry. Results revealed alterations of most of the analyzed parameters. In particular, sleep pattern and sleep-wake organization plus rest-activity and body temperature rhythms exhibited early quantitative and qualitative alterations, which became marked around the time interval crucial for parasite neuroinvasion or shortly after. Data derived from actigrams showed close correspondence with those from hypnograms, suggesting that rest-activity could be useful to monitor sleep-wake alterations in African trypanosomiasis.", "publicationTitle": "Chronobiology International", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012-04-12", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-13", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3109/07420528.2012.660713", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/07420528.2012.660713", "accessDate": "2012-04-17T07:33:52Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0742-0528, 1525-6073", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH", "E6BR434W" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-04-17T07:38:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-17T07:38:21Z" } }, { "key": "GQ8HCVTB", "version": 64, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/GQ8HCVTB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/GQ8HCVTB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Geurts et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GQ8HCVTB", "version": 64, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Matrix metalloproteinases as therapeutic targets in protozoan parasitic infections", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nathalie", "lastName": "Geurts" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ghislain", "lastName": "Opdenakker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philippe E.", "lastName": "Van den Steen" } ], "abstractNote": "Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated with processes of tissue remodeling and are expressed in all infections with protozoan parasites. We here report the status of MMP research in malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis. In all these infections, the balances between MMPs and endogenous MMP inhibitors are disturbed, mostly in favor of active proteolysis. When the infection is associated with leukocyte influx into specific organs, immunopathology and collateral tissue damage may occur. These pathologies include cerebral malaria, sleeping sickness (human African trypanosomiasis), Chagas disease (human American trypanosomiasis), leishmaniasis and toxoplasmic encephalitis in immunocompromised hosts. Destruction of the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a common denominator that may be executed by leukocytic MMPs under the control of host cytokines and chemokines as well as influenced by parasite products. Mechanisms by which parasite-derived products alter host expression of MMP and endogenous MMP inhibitors, have only been described for hemozoin (Hz) in malaria. Hence, understanding these interactions in other parasitic infections remains an important challenge. Furthermore, the involved parasites are also known to produce their own metalloproteinases, and this forms an extra stimulus to investigate MMP inhibitory drugs as therapeutics. MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) may dampen collateral tissue damage, as is anecdotically reported for tetracyclines as MMP regulators in parasite infections.", "publicationTitle": "Pharmacology & Therapeutics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "mars 2012", "volume": "133", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "257-279", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.11.008", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163725811002117", "accessDate": "2012-04-05T07:11:00Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0163-7258", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Blood–brain barrier", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cerebrospinal fluid", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Inhibitor", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Leishmaniasis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Malaria", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Matrix metalloproteinases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Parasite", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Toxoplasmosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Trypanosomiasis", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-04-12T07:16:19Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-12T07:16:19Z" } }, { "key": "EFTFJF7E", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/EFTFJF7E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/EFTFJF7E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Matovu et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EFTFJF7E", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Towards Point-of-Care Diagnostic and Staging Tools for Human African Trypanosomiaisis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Enock", "lastName": "Matovu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anne Juliet", "lastName": "Kazibwe" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Claire Mack", "lastName": "Mugasa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joseph Mathu", "lastName": "Ndungu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zablon Kithingi", "lastName": "Njiru" } ], "abstractNote": "Human African trypanosomiasis is a debilitating disease prevalent in rural sub-Saharan Africa. Control of this disease almost exclusively relies on chemotherapy that should be driven by accurate diagnosis, given the unacceptable toxicity of the few available drugs. Unfortunately, the available diagnostics are characterised by low sensitivities due to the inherent low parasitaemia in natural infections. Demonstration of the trypanosomes in body fluids, which is a prerequisite before treatment, often follows complex algorithms. In this paper, we review the available diagnostics and explore recent advances towards development of novel point-of-care diagnostic tests.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Tropical Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "2012", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-9", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1155/2012/340538", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jtm/2012/340538/", "accessDate": "2012-04-02T07:05:11Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1687-9686, 1687-9694", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH", "E6BR434W", "TZNGZ92U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-04-02T07:08:10Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-02T07:08:10Z" } }, { "key": "EVHGTBI7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/EVHGTBI7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/EVHGTBI7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Njamnshi et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EVHGTBI7", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Actigraphy in Human African Trypanosomiasis as a Tool for Objective Clinical Evaluation and Monitoring: A Pilot Study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alfred K.", "lastName": "Njamnshi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul F.", "lastName": "Seke Etet" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen", "lastName": "Perrig" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alphonse", "lastName": "Acho" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julius Y.", "lastName": "Funsah" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dieudonné", "lastName": "Mumba" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean-Jacques", "lastName": "Muyembe" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Krister", "lastName": "Kristensson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marina", "lastName": "Bentivoglio" } ], "abstractNote": "The clinical picture of the parasitic disease human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, also called sleeping sickness) is dominated by sleep alterations. We here used actigraphy to evaluate patients affected by the Gambiense form of HAT. Actigraphy is based on the use of battery-run, wrist-worn devices similar to watches, widely used in middle-high income countries for ambulatory monitoring of sleep disturbances. This pilot study was motivated by the fact that the use of polysomnography, which is the gold standard technology for the evaluation of sleep disorders and has greatly contributed to the objective identification of signs of disease in HAT, faces tangible challenges in resource-limited countries where the disease is endemic. We here show that actigraphy provides objective data on the severity of sleep-wake disturbances that characterize HAT. This technique, which does not disturb the patient's routine activities and can be applied at home, could therefore represent an interesting, non-invasive tool for objective HAT clinical assessment and long-term monitoring under field conditions. The use of this method could provide an adjunct marker of HAT severity and for treatment follow-up, or be evaluated in combination with other disease biomarkers in body fluids that are currently under investigation in many laboratories.", "publicationTitle": "PLoS Negl Trop Dis", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "février 14, 2012", "volume": "6", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e1525", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PLoS Negl Trop Dis", "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pntd.0001525", "citationKey": "", "url": "UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001525,http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001525", "accessDate": "2012-02-21T08:04:27Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Actigraphy in Human African Trypanosomiasis as a Tool for Objective Clinical Evaluation and Monitoring", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PLoS Negl Trop Dis", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH", "E6BR434W" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-02-21T08:07:01Z", "dateModified": "2012-02-21T08:07:01Z" } }, { "key": "ST3AHMJW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/ST3AHMJW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/ST3AHMJW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Grab et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-10-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ST3AHMJW", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "How can microbial interactions with the blood–brain barrier modulate astroglial and neuronal function?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dennis J", "lastName": "Grab" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Srabasti J", "lastName": "Chakravorty" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Henri", "lastName": "van der Heyde" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Monique F", "lastName": "Stins" } ], "abstractNote": "The vascular endothelium of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is regarded as a part of the neurovascular unit (NVU). This emerging NVU concept emphasizes the need for homeostatic signalling among the neuronal, glial and vascular endothelial cellular compartments in maintaining normal brain function. Conversely, dysfunction in any component of the NVU affects another, thus contributing to disease. Brain endothelial activation and dysfunction is observed in various neurological diseases, such as (ischemic) stroke, seizure, brain inflammation and infectious diseases and likely contributes to or exacerbates neurological conditions. The role and impact of brain endothelial factors on astroglial and neuronal activation is unclear. Similarly, it is not clear which stages of BBB endothelial activation can be considered beneficial versus detrimental. Although the BBB plays an important role in context of encephalopathies caused by neurotropic microbes that must first penetrate into the brain, a crucial role of the BBB in contributing to neurological dysfunction may be seen in cerebral malaria (CM), where the Plasmodium parasite remains sequestered in the brain vasculature, does not enter the brain parenchyma, and yet causes coma and seizures. In this minireview some of the scenarios and factors that may play a role in BBB as a relay station to modulate astroneuronal functioning are discussed.", "publicationTitle": "Cellular Microbiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011/10/01", "volume": "13", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1470-1478", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01661.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01661.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2011-09-29T07:52:15Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1462-5822", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-05T09:45:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-12-05T09:45:12Z" } }, { "key": "AQI4SB67", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/AQI4SB67", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/AQI4SB67", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kennedy", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AQI4SB67", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Difficulties in Diagnostic Staging of Human African Trypanosomiasis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter G. E.", "lastName": "Kennedy" } ], "abstractNote": "Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, continues to be a major hazard to human health in 36 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. One of the most important problems in disease management is the considerable difficulty in distinguishing the early (hemolymphatic) from the late (encephalitic) stage when the parasites have crossed the blood-brain barrier to enter the Central Nervous System (CNS). Treatment of the two stages is different with the highly toxic arsenical drug melarsoprol being the most commonly used therapy for CNS disease. Since melarsoprol kills 5% of treated patients, it is vital to develop reliable and agreed diagnostic staging markers for HAT. Although the current WHO staging criteria on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are the most commonly used, there is still a lack of consensus as to their efficacy which has driven the current search for improved methods of HAT diagnostic staging which are considered here.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Neuroparasitology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "2", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "N110601", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.4303/jnp/N110601", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ashdin.com/journals/JNP/N110601.aspx", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH", "E6BR434W", "TZNGZ92U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-05T09:44:51Z", "dateModified": "2011-12-05T09:44:51Z" } }, { "key": "GUBBNT6K", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 62016, "name": "xavier.robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/62016/items/GUBBNT6K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xavier.robin/items/GUBBNT6K", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 12953, "username": "Calimo", "name": "Xavier Robin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/calimo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Geiger et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GUBBNT6K", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Transcriptomics and proteomics in human African trypanosomiasis: Current status and perspectives", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anne", "lastName": "Geiger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gustave", "lastName": "Simo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pascal", "lastName": "Grébaut" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean-Benoît", "lastName": "Peltier" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gérard", "lastName": "Cuny" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philippe", "lastName": "Holzmuller" } ], "abstractNote": "Human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, is a neglected vector-borne parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei sensu lato. Within this complex species, T. b. gambiense is responsible for the chronic form of sleeping sickness in Western and Central Africa, whereas T. b. rhodesiense causes the acute form of the disease in East Africa. Presently, 1.5 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per year are lost due to sleeping sickness. In addition, on the basis of the mortality, the disease is ranked ninth out of 25 human infectious and parasitic diseases in Africa. Diagnosis is complex and needs the intervention of a specialized skilled staff; treatment is difficult and expensive and has potentially life-threatening side effects. The use of transcriptomic and proteomic technologies, currently in rapid development and increasing in sensitivity and discriminating power, is already generating a large panel of promising results. The objective of these technologies is to significantly increase our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms governing the parasite establishment in its vector, the development cycle of the parasite during the parasite's intra-vector life, its interactions with the fly and the other microbial inhabitants of the gut, and finally human host-trypanosome interactions. Such fundamental investigations are expected to provide opportunities to identify key molecular events that would constitute accurate targets for further development of tools dedicated to field work for early, sensitive, and stage-discriminant diagnosis, epidemiology, new chemotherapy, and potentially vaccine development, all of which will contribute to fighting the disease. The present review highlights the contributions of the transcriptomic and proteomic analyses developed thus far in order to identify potential targets (genes or proteins) and biological pathways that may constitute a critical step in the identification of new targets for the development of new tools for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Proteomics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "août 24, 2011", "volume": "74", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1625-1643", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "16/j.jprot.2011.01.016", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1874391911000339", "accessDate": "2011-08-31T10:47:51Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1874-3919", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Transcriptomics and proteomics in human African trypanosomiasis", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4G5P8GBH", "E6BR434W", "TZNGZ92U" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-05T09:44:51Z", "dateModified": "2011-12-05T09:44:51Z" } } ]