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            "key": "DP2QB3C9",
            "version": 169,
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            "title": "Risk Stratification for the In-Hospital Mortality in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The HAIR Score",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Vivien H.",
                    "lastName": "Lee"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Bichun",
                    "lastName": "Ouyang"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Sayona",
                    "lastName": "John"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "James J.",
                    "lastName": "Conners"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Rajeev",
                    "lastName": "Garg"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Thomas P.",
                    "lastName": "Bleck"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Richard E.",
                    "lastName": "Temes"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Shawna",
                    "lastName": "Cutting"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Shyam",
                    "lastName": "Prabhakaran"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Background The intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) score is a simple grading scale that can be used to stratify risk of 30 day mortality in ICH patients. A similar risk stratification scale for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is lacking. We sought to develop a risk stratification mortality score for SAH. Methods With approval from the Institutional Review Board, we retrospectively reviewed 400 consecutive SAH patients admitted to our institution from August 1, 2006 to March 1, 2011. The SAH score was developed from a multivariable logistic regression model which was validated with bootstrap method. A separate cohort of 302 SAH patients was used for evaluation of the score. Results Among 400 patients with SAH, the mean age was 56.9 ± 13.9 years (range, 21.5–96.2). Among the 366 patients with known causes of SAH, 292 (79.8 %) of patients had aneurysmal SAH, 65 (17.8 %) were angiogram negative, and 9 (2 %) were other vascular causes. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 20 %. In multivariable analysis, the variables independently associated with the in-hospital mortality were Hunt and Hess score (HH) (p < 0.0001), age (p < 0.0001), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (p = 0.049), and re-bleed (p = 0.01). The SAH score (0–8) was made by adding the following points: HH (HH1-3 = 0, HH4 = 1, HH5 = 4), age (<60 = 0, 60–80 = 1, ≥80 = 2), IVH (no = 0, yes = 1), and re-bleed within 24 h (no = 0, yes = 1). Using our model, the in-hospital mortality rates for patients with score of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were 0.9, 4.5, 9.1, 34.5, 52.9, 60, 82.1, and 83.3 % respectively. Validation analysis indicates good predictive performance of this model. Conclusion The SAH score allows a practical method of risk stratification of the in-hospital mortality. The in-hospital mortality increases with increasing SAH mortality score. Further investigation is warranted to validate these findings.",
            "publicationTitle": "Neurocritical Care",
            "publisher": "",
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            "pages": "1-6",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Neurocrit Care",
            "DOI": "10.1007/s12028-013-9952-9",
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            "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12028-013-9952-9",
            "accessDate": "2014-02-28T18:41:33Z",
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            "ISSN": "1541-6933, 1556-0961",
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            "shortTitle": "Risk Stratification for the In-Hospital Mortality in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage",
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            "creatorSummary": "Hsu et al.",
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            "version": 169,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Biomarker selection for medical diagnosis using the partial area under the ROC curve",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Man-Jen",
                    "lastName": "Hsu"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Yuan-Chin I.",
                    "lastName": "Chang"
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Huey-Miin",
                    "lastName": "Hsueh"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "A biomarker is usually used as a diagnostic or assessment tool in medical research. Finding an ideal biomarker is not easy and combining multiple biomarkers provides a promising alternative. Moreover, some biomarkers based on the optimal linear combination do not have enough discriminatory power. As a result, the aim of this study was to find the significant biomarkers based on the optimal linear combination maximizing the pAUC for assessment of the biomarkers.\nPMID: 24410929",
            "publicationTitle": "BMC Research Notes",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2014-01-10",
            "volume": "7",
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            "pages": "25",
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            "DOI": "10.1186/1756-0500-7-25",
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            "url": "http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/7/25/abstract",
            "accessDate": "2014-02-28T18:42:09Z",
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            "language": "en",
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            "rights": "2014 Hsu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.",
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            "tags": [
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                    "tag": "Discriminatory power",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "Hypothesis testing",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Optimal linear combination",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "Partial area under ROC curve",
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                {
                    "tag": "Stepwise biomarker selection",
                    "type": 1
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    {
        "key": "QKZ8X9AD",
        "version": 125,
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Walder et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2013",
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            "key": "QKZ8X9AD",
            "version": 125,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "The prognostic significance of the serum biomarker H-FABP in comparison with S100b in severe traumatic brain injury",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Bernhard",
                    "lastName": "Walder"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Xavier",
                    "lastName": "Robin"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Marie My Lien",
                    "lastName": "Rebetez"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jean-Christophe",
                    "lastName": "Copin"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Yvan",
                    "lastName": "Gasche"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jean-Charles",
                    "lastName": "Sanchez"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Natacha",
                    "lastName": "Turck"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "The outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is largely unfavorable, with approximately two thirds of patients suffering from severe disabilities or dying during the first 6 months. Existing predictive models displayed only limited utility for outcome prediction in individual patients. Time courses of heart-fatty acidic binding protein (H-FABP) and their association with outcome were investigated and compared with S100b. Forty-nine consecutive patients with severe TBI (sTBI; Head component of the Abbreviated Injury Scale [HAIS] >3) with mono and multiple trauma were enrolled in this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measured blood concentrations of H-FABP and S100b at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after TBI. Outcome measures were conscious state at 14 days (Glasgow Coma Scale), disability (Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended; GOSE), and mortality at 3 months. Univariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves analysis were carried out. Maximal H-FABP and S100b concentrations were observed at 6 h after TBI (34.4±34.0 and 0.64±0.99 ng/mL, respectively). Patients with multi-trauma had significantly higher H-FABP concentrations at 24 and 48 h (22.6±25.6 and 12.4±18.2 ng/mL, respectively), compared to patients with mono trauma (6.9±5.1 and 3.7±4.2 ng/mL, respectively). In the first 48 h, H-FABP and S100b were inversely correlated with the GOSE at 3 months; H-FABP at 48 h predicted mortality with 75% sensitivity and 93% specificity. Early blood levels of H-FABP after sTBI have prognostic significance for survival and disability.",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Neurotrauma",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2013",
            "volume": "30",
            "issue": "19",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "1631-1637",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10.1089/neu.2012.2791",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/neu.2012.2791",
            "accessDate": "2013-06-08T16:10:23Z",
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            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "0897-7151, 1557-9042",
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            "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef",
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    {
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            "creatorSummary": "Roux",
            "parsedDate": "2013-03-01",
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        "data": {
            "key": "52SXCSM7",
            "version": 117,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Physiological Monitoring of the Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patient in the Intensive Care Unit",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Peter Le",
                    "lastName": "Roux"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite encouraging animal research, pharmacological agents and neuroprotectants have disappointed in the clinical environment. Current TBI management therefore is directed towards identification, prevention, and treatment of secondary cerebral insults that are known to exacerbate outcome after injury. This strategy is based on a variety of monitoring techniques that include the neurological examination, imaging, laboratory analysis, and physiological monitoring of the brain and other organ systems used to guide therapeutic interventions. Recent clinical series suggest that TBI management informed by multimodality monitoring is associated with improved patient outcome, in part because care is provided in a patient-specific manner. In this review we discuss physiological monitoring of the brain after TBI and the emerging field of neurocritical care bioinformatics.",
            "publicationTitle": "Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2013/03/01",
            "volume": "13",
            "issue": "3",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "1-16",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep",
            "DOI": "10.1007/s11910-012-0331-2",
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            "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11910-012-0331-2",
            "accessDate": "2013-02-19T08:39:41Z",
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            "ISSN": "1528-4042, 1534-6293",
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            "language": "en",
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            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Brain oxygen",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "EEG",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Intracranial pressure",
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                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Monitor",
                    "type": 1
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                    "tag": "Neurology",
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                    "tag": "traumatic brain injury",
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                }
            },
            "creatorSummary": "Zanier et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2013-09-01",
            "numChildren": 1
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "ZVHME4DT",
            "version": 109,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Heart-fatty acid-binding and tau proteins relate to brain injury severity and long-term outcome in subarachnoid haemorrhage patients",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "E. R.",
                    "lastName": "Zanier"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "T.",
                    "lastName": "Zoerle"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M.",
                    "lastName": "Fiorini"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "L.",
                    "lastName": "Longhi"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "L.",
                    "lastName": "Cracco"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "A.",
                    "lastName": "Bersano"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "V.",
                    "lastName": "Branca"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M. D.",
                    "lastName": "Benedetti"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M. G. De",
                    "lastName": "Simoni"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "S.",
                    "lastName": "Monaco"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "N.",
                    "lastName": "Stocchetti"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Background Vasospasm and other secondary neurological insults may follow subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Biomarkers have the potential to stratify patient risk and perhaps serve as an early warning sign of delayed ischaemic injury.\nMethods Serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from 38 consecutive patients with aneurysmal SAH admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit. We measured heart-fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) and tau protein (τ) levels in the CSF to evaluate their association with brain damage, and their potential as predictors of the long-term outcome. H-FABP and τ were analysed in relation to acute clinical status, assessed by the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) scale, radiological findings, clinical vasospasm, and 6-month outcome.\nResults H-FABP and τ increased after SAH. H-FABP and τ were higher in patients in poor clinical status on admission (WFNS 4–5) compared with milder patients (WFNS 1–3). Elevated H-FABP and τ levels were also observed in patients with early cerebral ischaemia, defined as a CT scan hypodense lesion visible within the first 3 days after SAH. After the acute phase, H-FABP, and τ showed a delayed increase with the occurrence of clinical vasospasm. Finally, patients with the unfavourable outcome (death, vegetative state, or severe disability) had higher peak levels of both proteins compared with patients with good recovery or moderate disability.\nConclusions H-FABP and τ show promise as biomarkers of brain injury after SAH. They may help to identify the occurrence of vasospasm and predict the long-term outcome.",
            "publicationTitle": "British Journal of Anaesthesia",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "09/01/2013",
            "volume": "111",
            "issue": "3",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "424-432",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Br. J. Anaesth.",
            "DOI": "10.1093/bja/aet149",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/111/3/424",
            "accessDate": "2013-09-03T20:43:19Z",
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            "version": 109,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Clinical Prediction Models for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Blessing N. R.",
                    "lastName": "Jaja"
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                    "firstName": "Michael D.",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Hector",
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                    "firstName": "Benjamin",
                    "lastName": "Lo"
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                    "firstName": "Ada",
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                    "firstName": "Audrey",
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                    "firstName": "Thomas",
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                    "firstName": "Julian",
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                    "firstName": "Mervyn D. I.",
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                    "lastName": "Wong"
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                    "firstName": "R. Loch",
                    "lastName": "Macdonald"
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            "abstractNote": "Background Clinical prediction models can enhance clinical decision-making and research. However, available prediction models in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) are rarely used. We evaluated the methodological validity of SAH prediction models and the relevance of the main predictors to identify potentially reliable models and to guide future attempts at model development. Methods We searched the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases from January 1995 to June 2012 to identify studies that reported clinical prediction models for mortality and functional outcome in aSAH. Validated methods were used to minimize bias. Results Eleven studies were identified; 3 developed models from datasets of phase 3 clinical trials, the others from single hospital records. The median patient sample size was 340 (interquartile range 149–733). The main predictors used were age (n = 8), Fisher grade (n = 6), World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade (n = 5), aneurysm size (n = 5), and Hunt and Hess grade (n = 3). Age was consistently dichotomized. Potential predictors were prescreened by univariate analysis in 36 % of studies. Only one study was penalized for model optimism. Details about model development were often insufficiently described and no published studies provided external validation. Conclusions While clinical prediction models for aSAH use a few simple predictors, there are substantial methodological problems with the models and none have had external validation. This precludes the use of existing models for clinical or research purposes. We recommend further studies to develop and validate reliable clinical prediction models for aSAH.",
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            "abstractNote": "Neurologic stunned myocardium after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been evidenced. Clinical presentations manifested as ST segment elevation by electrocardiography (ECG), left ventricular wall motion abnormality by echocardiography, and abnormal cardiac markers. The pathophysiology remains controversial. Coronary artery spasm has been proposed as a possible mechanism. However, most SAH patients with ECG and echocardiographic findings suggestive of myocardial infarction were lacking of angiographic evidence of vasospasm. We present a case of 66-year-old man complained chest pain with transient conscious loss on the street. He was sent to our emergency room by witness with clear consciousness and electrocardiography showing prominent ST-segment elevation. Because chest tightness was complained, emergent catheterization was arranged immediately. Coronary angiography demonstrated a narrowing lesion on mid right coronary artery without atherosclerotic change on other site. He was successfully treated with primary coronary balloon angioplasty for the narrowing lesion. Then the patient was sent to intensive care unit for further care. His following ECG demonstrated sinus rhythm with ectopic beats without ST segment elevation. Unfortunately, he became irritable and deterioration of conscious level few hour later. Computer tomography revealed subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Conservative treatment was suggested by neurological surgeon consulted. The clinical presentation of the SAH patient mimicked acute myocardial infarction and coronary spasm was evidenced by angiography. We report the case and review the articles.",
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            "abstractNote": "Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite encouraging animal research, pharmacological agents and neuroprotectants have disappointed in the clinical environment. Current TBI management therefore is directed towards identification, prevention, and treatment of secondary cerebral insults that are known to exacerbate outcome after injury. This strategy is based on a variety of monitoring techniques that include the neurological examination, imaging, laboratory analysis, and physiological monitoring of the brain and other organ systems used to guide therapeutic interventions. Recent clinical series suggest that TBI management informed by multimodality monitoring is associated with improved patient outcome, in part because care is provided in a patient-specific manner. In this review we discuss physiological monitoring of the brain after TBI and the emerging field of neurocritical care bioinformatics.",
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                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Microdialysis",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Monitor",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Neurology",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "traumatic brain injury",
                    "type": 1
                }
            ],
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                "2UXWV7ZV"
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            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-09-03T20:35:57Z",
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    {
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Stocchetti et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2013",
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        },
        "data": {
            "key": "RWSDHKQM",
            "version": 109,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Clinical review: Neuromonitoring - an update",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Nino",
                    "lastName": "Stocchetti"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Peter Le",
                    "lastName": "Roux"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Paul",
                    "lastName": "Vespa"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Mauro",
                    "lastName": "Oddo"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Giuseppe",
                    "lastName": "Citerio"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Peter J.",
                    "lastName": "Andrews"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Robert D.",
                    "lastName": "Stevens"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Tarek",
                    "lastName": "Sharshar"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Fabio S.",
                    "lastName": "Taccone"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jean-Louis",
                    "lastName": "Vincent"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Critically ill patients are frequently at risk of neurological dysfunction as a result of primary neurological conditions or secondary insults. Determining which aspects of brain function are affected and how best to manage the neurological dysfunction can often be difficult and is complicated by the limited information that can be gained from clinical examination in such patients and the effects of therapies, notably sedation, on neurological function. Methods to measure and monitor brain function have evolved considerably in recent years and now play an important role in the evaluation and management of patients with brain injury. Importantly, no single technique is ideal for all patients and different variables will need to be monitored in different patients; in many patients, a combination of monitoring techniques will be needed. Although clinical studies support the physiologic feasibility and biologic plausibility of management based on information from various monitors, data supporting this concept from randomized trials are still required.",
            "publicationTitle": "Critical Care",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2013",
            "volume": "17",
            "issue": "1",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "201",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Crit Care",
            "DOI": "10.1186/cc11513",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/cc11513",
            "accessDate": "2013-02-21T09:22:02Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1364-8535",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "Clinical review",
            "language": "en",
            "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com",
            "callNumber": "",
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            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Emergency Medicine",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Intensive / Critical Care Medicine",
                    "type": 1
                }
            ],
            "collections": [
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            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-02-21T09:23:21Z",
            "dateModified": "2013-09-03T20:33:09Z"
        }
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    {
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        "version": 109,
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Gupte et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2013",
            "numChildren": 0
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        "data": {
            "key": "KQMD4V9R",
            "version": 109,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Troponin Elevation in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Does not Impact In-hospital Mortality",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Manisha",
                    "lastName": "Gupte"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Sayona",
                    "lastName": "John"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Shyam",
                    "lastName": "Prabhakaran"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Vivien H.",
                    "lastName": "Lee"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Background Cardiac dysfunction is a well-known complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Our objective was to determine the frequency of troponin abnormalities in SAH and determine its impact on in-hospital mortality. Methods With IRB approval, we retrospectively reviewed 225 consecutive SAH patients admitted to our institution from August 1, 2006 to June 1, 2009. Traumatic SAH patients were excluded. Data were collected on demographics, Hunt and Hess score (HH), in-hospital mortality, and peak troponin values on admission. CT images were independently reviewed and graded by the study neurologist for Fisher grade (FG) and the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Results Among the 225 SAH patients, the mean age was 57.3 years (range, 21–90). The majority of patients were female (67 %), FG 3 (75 %), and had IVH (62 %). Among the 201 patients with troponin I values, the mean troponin level was 0.93 (range, 0.01–25.8 ng/mL) and 47 (23 %) had elevated troponin I levels. In unadjusted analysis, elevated troponin I level was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. With multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, HH, FG, and IVH, elevated troponin I level was no longer associated with in-hospital mortality (p. 0.34). In multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of in-mortality were age and severe grade HH (4–5). Conclusions Troponin I elevation after SAH is not an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality.",
            "publicationTitle": "Neurocritical Care",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2013",
            "volume": "18",
            "issue": "3",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "368-373",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Neurocrit Care",
            "DOI": "10.1007/s12028-012-9813-y",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://link.springer.com.globalproxy.cvt.dk/article/10.1007/s12028-012-9813-y",
            "accessDate": "2013-02-16T16:55:09Z",
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            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1541-6933, 1556-0961",
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            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "en",
            "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com.globalproxy.cvt.dk",
            "callNumber": "",
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            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Internal Medicine",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Mortality",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Neurology",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Subarachnoid Hemorrhage",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Troponin",
                    "type": 1
                }
            ],
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            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2013-02-16T16:58:14Z",
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        }
    },
    {
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            "creatorSummary": "Farina et al.",
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        "data": {
            "key": "Q9V8WZNF",
            "version": 109,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Bile carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEAM6) as a biomarker of malignant biliary stenoses",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Annarita",
                    "lastName": "Farina"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jean-Marc",
                    "lastName": "Dumonceau"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Paola",
                    "lastName": "Antinori"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Isabelle",
                    "lastName": "Annessi-Ramseyer"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jean-Louis",
                    "lastName": "Frossard"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Denis F.",
                    "lastName": "Hochstrasser"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Myriam",
                    "lastName": "Delhaye"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Pierre",
                    "lastName": "Lescuyer"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Abstract\nDifferentiating malignant from nonmalignant biliary stenoses is challenging. This could be facilitated by the measurement of cancer biomarkers in bile. We aimed at (i) identifying new cancer biomarkers by comparative proteomic analysis of bile collected from patients with a malignant or benign biliary stenosis (exploratory phase) and (ii) verifying the accuracy of the newly identified potential biomarkers for discriminating malignant versus nonmalignant biliary stenoses in a larger group of patients (confirmation phase). Overall, 66 proteins were found overexpressed (ratio &gt; 1.5) in at least one cancer condition using proteomic analysis and 7 proteins were increased in all malignant/nonmalignant disease comparisons. Preliminary screening by immunoblot highlighted carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEAM6), a cell surface protein overexpressed in many human cancers, as an interesting candidate biomarker. ELISA subsequently confirmed CEAM6 as a potential bile biomarker for distinguishing malignant from benign biliary stenoses with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 (specificity 83%, sensitivity 93%, positive predictive value 93%, and negative predictive value 83%). No significant difference in serum CEAM6 level was found between malignant and nonmalignant samples. Combining bile CEAM6 and serum CA19-9 in a panel further improved diagnostic accuracy for malignant stenoses (AUC 0.96, specificity 83%, sensitivity 97%, positive predictive value 93%, and negative predictive value 91%). CEAM6 measurement in bile could be clinically useful to discriminate between malignant and nonmalignant causes of biliary stenosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biomarkers: A Proteomic Challenge.",
            "publicationTitle": "Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "",
            "volume": "",
            "issue": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics",
            "DOI": "10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.06.010",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570963913002410",
            "accessDate": "2013-09-03T20:29:39Z",
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            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1570-9639",
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            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "CEACAM6",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Cholangiocarcinoma",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "NCA-90",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Pancreatic cancer",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Proteomics",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "iTRAQ",
                    "type": 1
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            ],
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            "dateAdded": "2013-09-03T20:30:24Z",
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        "version": 109,
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            "creatorSummary": "Moghieb et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2013",
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        "data": {
            "key": "VXA9M6XH",
            "version": 109,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Mass spectrometry based translational neuroinjury proteomics",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Ahmed",
                    "lastName": "Moghieb"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Manasi",
                    "lastName": "Mangaonkar"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Kevin K.W.",
                    "lastName": "Wang"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Abstract\nNeuroinjury, including traumatic brain injury, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (intracerebral hemorrhage), subarachnoid hemorrhage and spinal cord injury, collectively is a significant biomedical problem worldwide. Yet there are few therapeutic options available. We submit that mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach can have a potentially high impact in biomarkers discovery and drug target identification for various forms of CNS injury. This review provides an outline of the most important mass spectrometry-based proteomic application tools (differential, quantitative, and imaging mass spectrometry analysis) being used for translational neuroinjury research from animal studies to clinical studies and validations.",
            "publicationTitle": "Translational Proteomics",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2013",
            "volume": "1",
            "issue": "1",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "65-73",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Translational Proteomics",
            "DOI": "10.1016/j.trprot.2013.07.001",
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            "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212963413000090",
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            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Mass Spectrometry",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Neuroinjury",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Proteomic",
                    "type": 1
                },
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                    "tag": "translational",
                    "type": 1
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            "creatorSummary": "Robin et al.",
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        "data": {
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            "version": 69,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "PanelomiX: A threshold-based algorithm to create panels of biomarkers",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Xavier",
                    "lastName": "Robin"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Natacha",
                    "lastName": "Turck"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Alexandre",
                    "lastName": "Hainard"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Natalia",
                    "lastName": "Tiberti"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Frédérique",
                    "lastName": "Lisacek"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jean-Charles",
                    "lastName": "Sanchez"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Markus",
                    "lastName": "Müller"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Abstract \nIn order to increase their predictive power, medical biomarkers can be combined into panels. However, the lack of ready-to-use tools generating interpretable results and implementing rigorous validation standards hampers the more widespread application of panels and their translation into clinical practice. \n \nThe computational toolbox we present here – PanelomiX – uses the iterative combination of biomarkers and thresholds (ICBT) method. This method combines biomarkers and clinical scores by selecting thresholds that provide optimal classification performance. To speed up the calculation for a large number of biomarkers, PanelomiX selects a subset of thresholds and parameters based on the random forest method. The panels’ robustness and performance are analysed by cross-validation (CV) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. \n \nUsing 8 biomarkers, we compared this method against classic combination procedures in the determination of outcome for 113 patients with an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. The panel classified the patients better than the best single biomarker (p &lt; 0.005) and compared favourably with other off-the-shelf classification methods. \n \nIn conclusion, the PanelomiX toolbox combines biomarkers and evaluates the performance of panels to classify patients better than single markers or other classifiers. The ICBT algorithm proved to be an efficient classifier, the results of which can easily be interpreted.",
            "publicationTitle": "Translational Proteomics",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2013",
            "volume": "1",
            "issue": "1",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "57-64",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Translational Proteomics",
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            "ISSN": "2212-9634",
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            "shortTitle": "PanelomiX",
            "language": "",
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                    "type": 1
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                {
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jing",
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                    "firstName": "Ferdinando S.",
                    "lastName": "Buonanno"
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                    "firstName": "Eng H.",
                    "lastName": "Lo"
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            "abstractNote": "While neurovascular diseases such as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are the leading causes of disability in the world, the repertoire of therapeutic interventions has remained remarkably limited. There is a dire need to develop new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic options. The study of proteomics is particularly enticing for cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke, which most likely involve multiple gene interactions resulting in a wide range of clinical phenotypes. Currently, rapidly progressing neuroproteomic techniques have been employed in clinical and translational research to help identify biologically relevant pathways, to understand cerebrovascular pathophysiology, and to develop novel therapeutics and diagnostics. Future integration of proteomic with genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic studies will add new perspectives to better understand the complexities of neurovascular injury. Here, we review cerebrovascular proteomics research in both preclinical (animal, cell culture) and clinical (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, microdialyates, tissue) studies. We will also discuss the rewards, challenges, and future directions for the application of proteomics technology to the study of various disease phenotypes. To capture the dynamic range of cerebrovascular injury and repair with a translational targeted and discovery approach, we emphasize the importance of complementing innovative proteomic technology with existing molecular biology models in preclinical studies, and the need to advance pharmacoproteomics to directly probe clinical physiology and gauge therapeutic efficacy at the bedside.",
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                    "tag": "Mass Spectrometry",
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                    "firstName": "Xiang-Dong",
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            "abstractNote": "High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), originally described as a nuclear protein that binds to and modifies DNA, is now regarded as a central mediator of inflammation by acting as a cytokine. However, the association of HMGB1 in the peripheral blood with disease outcome and cerebrovasospasm has not been examined in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.",
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            "title": "Blood Glutathione S-Transferase-π as a Time Indicator of Stroke Onset",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Natacha",
                    "lastName": "Turck"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Xavier",
                    "lastName": "Robin"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Nadia",
                    "lastName": "Walter"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Catherine",
                    "lastName": "Fouda"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Alexandre",
                    "lastName": "Hainard"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Roman",
                    "lastName": "Sztajzel"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Ghislaine",
                    "lastName": "Wagner"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Denis F.",
                    "lastName": "Hochstrasser"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Joan",
                    "lastName": "Montaner"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Pierre R.",
                    "lastName": "Burkhard"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jean-Charles",
                    "lastName": "Sanchez"
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            "abstractNote": "Background. Ability to accurately determine time of stroke onset remains challenging. We hypothesized that an early biomarker characterized by a rapid increase in blood after stroke onset may help defining better the time window during which an acute stroke patient may be candidate for intravenous thrombolysis or other intravascular procedures. \nMethods. The blood level of 29 proteins was measured by immunoassays on 2 independent and prospective cohorts of stroke patients (N=203) and controls (N=119). Mann-Whitney U tests, ROC curves and diagnostic odd ratios were applied to evaluate their clinical performances.\nResults. Among the 29 molecules tested in cohort 1, GST- concentration was the most significantly elevated marker in the blood of stroke patients (p<0.001). More importantly, GST- displayed the best area under the curve (AUC, 0.79) and the best diagnostic odd ratios (10.0) for discriminating early (within the first 3h of stroke onset) vs. late stroke patients (> 3h after onset). Moreover, GST- showed also the highest AUC (0.83) and performances for detecting patients treated with tPA (N=12) compared to ineligible patients (N=103). According to goal-oriented distinct cut-offs (sensitivity(Se)-oriented: 17.7 or specificity(Sp)-oriented: 65.2ug/L), the GST- test obtained 91%Se/50%Sp and 50%Se/91%Sp, respectively. Similar results were obtained in cohort 2. \nConclusions. This study demonstrates that GST-can accurately predict the time of stroke onset in over 50% of early stroke patients. The GST- test could therefore complement current guidelines for tPA administration and potentially increase the number of patients accessing thrombolysis.",
            "publicationTitle": "PLoS ONE",
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            "date": "septembre 17, 2012",
            "volume": "7",
            "issue": "9",
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            "pages": "e43830",
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            "creatorSummary": "Borja Consigliere and Turck",
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                    "firstName": "Francisco",
                    "lastName": "Borja Consigliere"
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                    "lastName": "Turck"
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            "shortTitle": "Immune Response Profiling with Protein Microarrays for Autoantibodies Characterization as Biomarkers",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Loïc",
                    "lastName": "Dayon"
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                {
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                    "firstName": "Natacha",
                    "lastName": "Turck"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Alexander",
                    "lastName": "Scherl"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Denis F.",
                    "lastName": "Hochstrasser"
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                    "firstName": "Pierre R.",
                    "lastName": "Burkhard"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jean-Charles",
                    "lastName": "Sanchez"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Quantification is a major task in proteomics. Among the different analytical strategies to enable peptide and protein quantification, tagging with isotopic labels has emerged as a practical, versatile, and efficient alternative. In particular, isobaric labels, such as TMT or iTRAQ, are now widely employed to make relative comparison of the protein amounts in separate biological samples with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). We used herein a shotgun proteomic approach based on labelling with tandem mass tags (TMTs) for the relative quantification of proteins, and the absolute quantification of their tryptic peptides in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). First, the comparison of ante- and post-mortem CSF samples was carried out for the discovery of protein marker candidates of brain-damage disorders. Second, tryptic peptides representative of these candidates were measured in CSF using reporter-ion calibration curves. These works highlighted the advantages and limitations of such strategies for quantification purposes in proteomics.",
            "publicationTitle": "Chimia",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "March 2010",
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            "issue": "3",
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            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "132-135",
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            "DOI": "10.2533/chimia.2010.132",
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            "accessDate": "2010-04-30T07:01:37Z",
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            "title": "pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves.",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Xavier",
                    "lastName": "Robin"
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            "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND:Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are useful tools to evaluate classifiers in biomedical and bioinformatics applications. However, conclusions are often reached through inconsistent use or insufficient statistical analysis. To support researchers in their ROC curves analysis we developed pROC, a package for R and S+ that contains a set of tools displaying, analyzing, smoothing and comparing ROC curves in a user-friendly, object-oriented and flexible interface.RESULTS:With data previously imported into the R or S+ environment, the pROC package builds ROC curves and includes functions for computing confidence intervals, statistical tests for comparing total or partial area under the curve or the operating points of different classifiers, and methods for smoothing ROC curves. Intermediary and final results are visualised in user-friendly interfaces. A case study based on published clinical and biomarker data shows how to perform a typical ROC analysis with pROC.CONCLUSIONS:pROC is a package for R and S+ specifically dedicated to ROC analysis. It proposes multiple statistical tests to compare ROC curves, and in particular partial areas under the curve, allowing proper ROC interpretation. pROC is available in two versions: in the R programming language or with a graphical user interface in the S+ statistical software. It is accessible at http://expasy.org/tools/pROC/ under the GNU General Public License. It is also distributed through the CRAN and CSAN public repositories, facilitating its installation.",
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                    "tag": "ROC Curve"
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                    "tag": "bootstrap"
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            "title": "Bioinformatics for protein biomarker panel classification: What is needed to bring biomarker panels into in vitro diagnostics?",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Xavier",
                    "lastName": "Robin"
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            "abstractNote": "A large number of biomarkers were discovered by proteomics techniques over the past few years. Unfortunately, most of them are neither specific nor sensitive enough to be translated into In Vitro Diagnostics and routine clinical practice. From this observation, the idea of combining several markers in panels to improve clinical performances has emerged. We present here a discussion of the bioinformatics aspects of biomarker panels and concomitant challenges including high dimensionality, low patient number and reproducibility.",
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