[ { "key": "4RBSKUZV", "version": 15, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 613024, "name": "IMS_method", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/613024/items/4RBSKUZV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method/items/4RBSKUZV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ramsay", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4RBSKUZV", "version": 15, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Prospects for the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bruce H.", "lastName": "Ramsay" } ], "abstractNote": "", "proceedingsTitle": "", "conferenceName": "57th Eastern Snow Conference", "publisher": "", "place": "Syracuse, NY", "date": "2000", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.natice.noaa.gov/ims/files/ramsayESC57.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-28T17:53:09Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-28T17:54:03Z" } }, { "key": "2HZF7CX8", "version": 13, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 613024, "name": "IMS_method", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/613024/items/2HZF7CX8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method/items/2HZF7CX8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Yang et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-07-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2HZF7CX8", "version": 13, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Evaluation of snow products over the Tibetan Plateau", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Juntao", "lastName": "Yang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lingmei", "lastName": "Jiang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cécile B.", "lastName": "Ménard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kari", "lastName": "Luojus" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Juha", "lastName": "Lemmetyinen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jouni", "lastName": "Pulliainen" } ], "abstractNote": "Four satellite-based snow products are evaluated over the Tibetan Plateau for the 2007–2010 snow seasons. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra and Aqua snow cover daily L3 Global 500-m grid products (MOD10A1 and MYD10A1), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) daily Northern Hemisphere snow cover product and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer – Earth Observing System Daily Snow Water Equivalent were validated against Thematic Mapper (TM) snow cover maps of Landsat-5 and meteorological station snow depth observations. The overall accuracy of MOD10A1, MYD10A1 and IMS is higher than 91% against stations observations and than 79% against Landsat TM images. In general, the daily MODIS snow cover products show better performance than the multisensor IMS product. However, the IMS snow cover product is suitable for larger scale (~4km) analysis and applications, with the advantage over MODIS to allow for mitigation for cloud cover. The accuracy of the three products decreases with decreasing snow depth. Overestimation errors are most common over forested regions; the IMS and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer – Earth Observing System Snow Water Equivalent products also show poorer performance that the MODIS products over grassland. By identifying weaknesses in the satellite products, this study provides a focus for the improvement of snow products over the Tibetan plateau. The quantitative evaluation of the products proposed here can also be used to assess their relative weight in data assimilation, against other data sources, such as modelling and in situ measurement networks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "publicationTitle": "Hydrological Processes", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 15, 2015", "volume": "29", "issue": "15", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3247-3260", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Hydrol. Process.", "DOI": "10.1002/hyp.10427", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.10427/abstract", "accessDate": "2016-07-28T17:50:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1099-1085", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-28T17:50:39Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-28T17:50:39Z" } }, { "key": "PZCTRNPH", "version": 12, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 613024, "name": "IMS_method", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/613024/items/PZCTRNPH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method/items/PZCTRNPH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pullen et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-08-23", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PZCTRNPH", "version": 12, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Using Satellite-Derived Snow Cover Data to Implement a Snow Analysis in the Met Office Global NWP Model", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Samantha", "lastName": "Pullen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Clive", "lastName": "Jones" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gabriel", "lastName": "Rooney" } ], "abstractNote": "Snow cover and amount are important components in the interaction between the land surface and atmosphere, but until recently there has been no observational snow information incorporated into the Met Office global numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. This paper presents a Northern Hemisphere (NH) snow analysis, based on satellite-derived observations of snow cover, that has recently been implemented in the operational global Unified Model (UM). The analysis uses daily snow maps from the NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) to modify the UM background snow amount. Assimilation experiments carried out during the NH snow accumulation and ablation periods show improvements in analyzed snow cover, both qualitatively and quantitatively, when compared with unmodified control runs. Although the effect on forecast accuracy of introducing the snow analysis is largely neutral, there is some evidence of small improvements in screen-level temperature and humidity forecasts. Retention of information introduced by the snow analysis is hard, and so the limited impact on forecast accuracy is not unexpected. Several methods of validation and verification are presented, and their results and implications are discussed. The NH snow analysis delivers a basic snow assimilation system that can be expanded and developed further in future iterations to improve the representation of snow cover and amount in global and regional forecasting models.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "August 23, 2010", "volume": "50", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "958-973", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol.", "DOI": "10.1175/2010JAMC2527.1", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2010JAMC2527.1", "accessDate": "2016-07-28T17:38:26Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1558-8424", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "journals.ametsoc.org (Atypon)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-28T17:38:26Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-28T17:38:26Z" } }, { "key": "RS3CBDUD", "version": 11, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 613024, "name": "IMS_method", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/613024/items/RS3CBDUD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method/items/RS3CBDUD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brubaker et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-12-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RS3CBDUD", "version": 11, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Evaluation and Comparison of MODIS and IMS Snow-Cover Estimates for the Continental United States Using Station Data", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. L.", "lastName": "Brubaker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. T.", "lastName": "Pinker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Deviatova" } ], "abstractNote": "Satellite-derived information on fractional snow cover is essential to resource monitoring, hydrologic modeling, and climate change assessment. Evaluating the accuracy of remotely sensed snow-cover products is important but difficult, largely because point-scale surface observations are spatially sparse and generally nonrepresentative of the remote sensor footprint. In this study, two remotely sensed snow-cover products [the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), v.3] are evaluated against ground observations from the Cooperative Observing Network and SNOTEL on a daily basis over the continental United States for calendar year 2000. Ground observations are treated as points in space and time; no physical modeling or statistical interpolation is applied. Hypothesis tests based on discrete and continuous distributions are developed to assess agreement between ground observations and the remotely sensed snow-cover products at 0.25° resolution. (The MODIS CMG product was degraded from 0.05° for this study, thus its potential is not fully evaluated.) As overall snow extent increases in the course of the season, both MODIS and IMS improve in identifying snow-covered areas (fewer errors of omission), but deteriorate in identifying snow-free areas (more errors of commission). The detection of scattered areas of snow is generally better during ablation than during accumulation. Weaknesses of the statistical methods and assumptions are discussed. This work will help to identify areas for improvement in snow-cover detection algorithms and provides a framework to assess the accuracy of remotely sensed snow cover used as model input and/or confirmation.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Hydrometeorology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 1, 2005", "volume": "6", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1002-1017", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Hydrometeor.", "DOI": "10.1175/JHM447.1", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JHM447.1", "accessDate": "2016-07-28T17:35:14Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1525-755X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "journals.ametsoc.org (Atypon)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-28T17:35:14Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-28T17:35:14Z" } }, { "key": "CUC9QZNV", "version": 10, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 613024, "name": "IMS_method", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/613024/items/CUC9QZNV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method/items/CUC9QZNV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sönmez et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-06-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CUC9QZNV", "version": 10, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Snow cover trend analysis using Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System data over Turkey", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ibrahim", "lastName": "Sönmez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ahmet Emre", "lastName": "Tekeli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erdem", "lastName": "Erdi" } ], "abstractNote": "The daily snow cover data from Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NOAA/NESDIS) covering the 2004–2012 time period is used in this study. In the first part of the study, daily IMS product is validated over Turkey using daily ground truth snow depth measurements from 219 climatological and synoptic sites. The categorical statistics of probability of detection (POD) and false alarm rates (FAR) are provided both for whole Turkey and with respect to geographical sub-regions. The overall POD and FAR amounts for Turkey are obtained as 73.55 and 25.11%, respectively. The performed analysis indicates an increase in IMS accuracies as the snowpack depth at the stations increase. In the second part of the study, the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test is performed to analyse the snow cover trend over Turkey with respect to sub-regions considering the whole year and each season separately. A negative trend in snow-covered area percentage is obtained for Turkey at the significance level of α = 0.05. From the seasonal perspective for Turkey, negative trend for spring and summer seasons, positive trend for autumn season and combination of negative and no trend for winter season are obtained at the same significance level. Almost the same results are valid for the sub-regions with some local and seasonal variations.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Climatology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 1, 2014", "volume": "34", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2349-2361", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Int. J. Climatol.", "DOI": "10.1002/joc.3843", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.3843/abstract", "accessDate": "2016-07-28T17:15:48Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1097-0088", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-28T17:15:48Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-28T17:15:48Z" } }, { "key": "MCW2X95B", "version": 9, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 613024, "name": "IMS_method", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/613024/items/MCW2X95B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method/items/MCW2X95B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chen", "parsedDate": "2011-01-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MCW2X95B", "version": 9, "itemType": "thesis", "title": "Validation of NOAA Interactive Snow Maps in the North American region with National Climatic Data Center Ground-based Data", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christine", "lastName": "Chen" } ], "abstractNote": "", "thesisType": "Master of Engineering (Civil)", "university": "The City College of New York", "place": "NY", "date": "2011-01-01", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "numPages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/29", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-28T17:00:23Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-28T17:01:36Z" } }, { "key": "T3J85FVE", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 613024, "name": "IMS_method", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/613024/items/T3J85FVE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method/items/T3J85FVE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Xiyu and Jiang", "parsedDate": "2014-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T3J85FVE", "version": 7, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Evaluation of the IMS snow map in southern China based on high spatial resolution imagery", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Xiyu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Jiang" } ], "abstractNote": "The Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) combines multiple data sources to map global snow cover. IMS can discriminate snow cover beneath clouds using time sequential imagery from geostationary satellites and passive microwave observations. During the snow disaster of 2008 in southern China, the IMS snow cover data identified more snow than those retrieved from passive microwave remote sensing data. In this study, the IMS snow cover mapping accuracy was assessed against the Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) imagery. Land cover and terrain effects on the snow cover accuracy were considered. Good agreements (> 90%) was observed over flat cropland surfaces. For forested, mountainous areas, a pronounced disagreement was observed between the two datasets. The accuracy of the IMS in these regions was less than 50%. Due to the sparse distributed snow cover in these regions, the effects of snow cover fragmentation degrees were studied.", "proceedingsTitle": "2014 IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium", "conferenceName": "2014 IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2014", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "3994-3997", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/IGARSS.2014.6947361", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-28T16:59:12Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-28T16:59:12Z" } }, { "key": "84DBAZEB", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 613024, "name": "IMS_method", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/613024/items/84DBAZEB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method/items/84DBAZEB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tekeli et al.", "parsedDate": "2016-03-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "84DBAZEB", "version": 6, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Snow-covered area determination based on satellite-derived probabilistic snow cover maps", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ahmet Emre", "lastName": "Tekeli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ibrahim", "lastName": "Sönmez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erdem", "lastName": "Erdi" } ], "abstractNote": "Snow-covered area (SCA) is an important component in hydrological cycle, and its importance increases as the snowmelt runoff percentage in the annual runoff volume increases. Satellite-based remote sensing can help monitor SCA. However, in operational simulations or in forecasts, either the satellite-based snow cover map may not be readily available or is affected by cloud blockage. In this study, a statistical methodology is proposed to estimate the SCA in both cases. The methodology utilizes Interactive Multi Sensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) snow cover maps and is developed over Turkey. Based on the long-term datasets of the IMS snow product, probability of snow (PS) for each IMS pixel is calculated. Probabilities that yielded minimum errors in SCA detection are used in SCA estimation. SCA map for 1 March 2013 is obtained using the PS values and is compared with the actual IMS snow cover maps. Out of 219 ground stations, 210 (95.89 %) indicated same land cover type (snow/no snow) between PS and IMS-based snow cover maps. Only nine stations (4.11 %) did not match with the actual IMS snow cover map. Among these nine stations, five (2.28 %) indicated underestimation and the remaining four (1.83 %) showed overestimation. High agreement (95.89 %) among the land cover types between two snow cover maps indicates the usability of proposed methodology in snow-covered area forecasting.", "publicationTitle": "Arabian Journal of Geosciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2016/03/10", "volume": "9", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "198", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Arab J Geosci", "DOI": "10.1007/s12517-015-2149-0", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12517-015-2149-0", "accessDate": "2016-07-26T14:16:29Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1866-7511, 1866-7538", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-26T14:16:29Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-26T14:16:29Z" } }, { "key": "4H5ZZFMK", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 613024, "name": "IMS_method", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/613024/items/4H5ZZFMK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method/items/4H5ZZFMK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ramsay", "parsedDate": "1998-08-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4H5ZZFMK", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The interactive multisensor snow and ice mapping system", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bruce H.", "lastName": "Ramsay" } ], "abstractNote": "The interactive multisensor snow and ice mapping system (IMS) was developed to give snow and ice analysts the tools, on one platform, to inspect visually the imagery and mapped data from various sensor sources to determine the presence of snow and ice and to depict snow- and ice-covered areas on a map on a daily basis, in one hour or less. Snow and ice analysts in the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service have been creating weekly maps showing the extent of snow cover for the Northern Hemisphere since 1966 using visible imagery from polar-orbiting and geostationary satellites and surface observations as data sources. The current process is mostly manual and time-consuming, taking up to 10 hours to produce a map during the snow season. Where cloud cover precludes an unobstructed view of an area during the entire week, the analysis from the previous week is carried forward. Each week the analyst draws a new map by hand, then digitizes the extent of snow and ice cover using an 89×89 line grid overlaid on a stereographic map of the Northern Hemisphere. The hand-drawn map is photocopied and distributed and the digitized map is saved to a file for use in National Weather Service numerical models and for archival storage. IMS was designed and built to replace and improve this process by producing a more accurate and timely product. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "publicationTitle": "Hydrological Processes", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "August 1, 1998", "volume": "12", "issue": "10-11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1537-1546", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Hydrol. Process.", "DOI": "10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199808/09)12:10/11<1537::AID-HYP679>3.0.CO;2-A", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199808/09)12:10/11<1537::AID-HYP679>3.0.CO;2-A/abstract", "accessDate": "2016-07-26T14:12:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1099-1085", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-26T14:12:34Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-26T14:12:34Z" } }, { "key": "RNKAC9FU", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 613024, "name": "IMS_method", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/613024/items/RNKAC9FU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method/items/RNKAC9FU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Frei and Lee", "parsedDate": "2010-09-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RNKAC9FU", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A comparison of optical-band based snow extent products during spring over North America", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Allan", "lastName": "Frei" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "ShihYan", "lastName": "Lee" } ], "abstractNote": "We compare the performances of two widely used hemispheric scale snow products during April, May, and June over North America. The Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS), based primarily on optical-band remotely sensed images, is the latest incarnation of a product that dates back to the 1960s and has been used as input to operational weather forecasting models as well as for establishing the historical climatology of snow extent over land surfaces. NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has been used for numerous applications since it was launched aboard the Terra satellite platform in 1999. The MODIS snow product is based primarily on optical-band reflectances. We include in our analysis only observations that are largely unobstructed by clouds as determined using the MODIS cloud detection algorithm. Then, after removing the influences of terrain and projection errors, we identify regions and land surface types where discrepancies between these two products occur. We also compare IMS and MODIS to the snow reanalysis produced by the Canadian Meteorological Center (CMC).\n\nWe find that on seasonal time scales, the most pronounced differences between the IMS and MODIS snow products occurs during the ablation season over North America. Our results corroborate earlier studies showing pronounced differences over the northern tundra in June, where MODIS appears to be in agreement with other observations; as well as differences in April and May in the boreal forest, where evidence suggests that both products may be biased (although MODIS biases may be smaller) in comparison with the CMC product (which is based on station observations). The influence of clouds may be a factor even though the analysis includes only clear days. Another possible explanation for these discrepancies involves the impact of numerous small lakes over the North American landscape on the interpretation of satellite retrievals in the visible band, although there are other potential sources of error in both products. For example, comparison to the CMC reanalysis suggests that MODIS may be overestimating snow during the ablation season in the boreal forest. The resolution of these discrepancies may affect our understanding of the seasonal snow cover cycle, the evaluation of and development of parameterization schemes for climate models, and the development of a climate data record for snow cover.", "publicationTitle": "Remote Sensing of Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 15, 2010", "volume": "114", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1940-1948", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Remote Sensing of Environment", "DOI": "10.1016/j.rse.2010.03.015", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003442571000115X", "accessDate": "2016-07-26T14:04:54Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0034-4257", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-26T14:04:54Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-26T14:04:54Z" } }, { "key": "9XCMIJPT", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 613024, "name": "IMS_method", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/613024/items/9XCMIJPT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method/items/9XCMIJPT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chen et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-04-25", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9XCMIJPT", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Validation of NOAA-Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) by Comparison with Ground-Based Measurements over Continental United States", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christine", "lastName": "Chen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tarendra", "lastName": "Lakhankar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Romanov" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sean", "lastName": "Helfrich" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Al", "lastName": "Powell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Reza", "lastName": "Khanbilvardi" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Remote Sensing", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012-04-25", "volume": "4", "issue": "12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1134-1145", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3390/rs4051134", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/4/5/1134/", "accessDate": "2016-07-26T14:00:48Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2072-4292", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-26T14:00:48Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-26T14:00:48Z" } }, { "key": "EBRCPIC8", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 613024, "name": "IMS_method", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/613024/items/EBRCPIC8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ims_method/items/EBRCPIC8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Helfrich et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-06-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EBRCPIC8", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Enhancements to, and forthcoming developments in the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sean R.", "lastName": "Helfrich" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Donna", "lastName": "McNamara" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bruce H.", "lastName": "Ramsay" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas", "lastName": "Baldwin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tim", "lastName": "Kasheta" } ], "abstractNote": "The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NOAA/NESDIS) Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) has undergone substantial changes since its inception in 1997. These changes include the data sources used to generate the product, methodology of product creation, and even changes in the output. Among the most notable of the past upgrades to the IMS are a 4-km resolution grid output, ingest of an automated snow detection algorithm, expansion to a global extent, and a static Digital Elevation Model for mapping based on elevation. Further developments to this dynamic system will continue as NOAA strives to improve snow parameterization for weather forecast modeling. Several future short-term enhancements will be evaluated for possible transition to operations before the Northern Hemisphere winter of 2006–2007. Current and historical data will be adopted to a geographic information systems (GIS) format before 2007, as well. Longer-term enhancements are also planned to account for new snow data sources, mapping methodologies and user requirements. These modifications are being made with care to preserve the integrity of the long-standing satellite-derived snow record that is vital to global change detection. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "publicationTitle": "Hydrological Processes", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 15, 2007", "volume": "21", "issue": "12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1576-1586", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Hydrol. Process.", "DOI": "10.1002/hyp.6720", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.6720/abstract", "accessDate": "2016-07-25T22:19:24Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1099-1085", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-25T22:19:24Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-25T22:19:24Z" } } ]