[ { "key": "PKJSB5P5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/PKJSB5P5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/PKJSB5P5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mill", "parsedDate": "1864", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PKJSB5P5", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Utilitarianism", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. 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S", "lastName": "Mill" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Alexander" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1999", "publisher": "Broadview Pr", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T17:09:04Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T17:09:04Z" } }, { "key": "D8WIR228", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/D8WIR228", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/D8WIR228", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kahneman et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-06-30", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "D8WIR228", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Would you be happier if you were richer? A focusing illusion", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Kahneman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "AB", "lastName": "Krueger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Schkade" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N", "lastName": "Schwarz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "AA", "lastName": "Stone" } ], "abstractNote": "The belief that high income is associated with good mood is widespread but mostly illusory. People with above-average income are relatively satisfied with their lives but are barely happier than others in moment-to-moment experience, tend to be more tense, and do not spend more time in particularly enjoyable activities. Moreover, the effect of income on life satisfaction seems to be transient. We argue that people exaggerate the contribution of income to happiness because they focus, in part, on conventional achievements when evaluating their life or the lives of others.", "publicationTitle": "SCIENCE", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JUN 30 2006", "volume": "312", "issue": "5782", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1908-1910", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1126/science.1129688", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=54&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=1&doc=2", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:41:07Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0036-8075", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Would you be happier if you were richer?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "2AJ5TPAE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/2AJ5TPAE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/2AJ5TPAE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kahneman et al.", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2AJ5TPAE", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Kahneman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Diener" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Schwarz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. S", "lastName": "Foundation" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2003", "publisher": "Russell Sage Foundation Publications", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Well-being", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "27TKXCDE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/27TKXCDE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/27TKXCDE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lucas et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "27TKXCDE", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Unemployment alters the set point for life satisfaction", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "RE", "lastName": "Lucas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "AE", "lastName": "Clark" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y", "lastName": "Georgellis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E", "lastName": "Diener" } ], "abstractNote": "According to set-point theories of subjective wellbeing, people react to events but then return to baseline levels of happiness and satisfaction over time. We tested this idea by examining reaction and adaptation to unemployment in a 15-year longitudinal study of more than 24,000 individuals living in Germany. In accordance with set-point theories, individuals reacted strongly to unemployment and then shifted back toward their baseline levels of life satisfaction. However, on average, individuals did not completely return to their former levels of satisfaction, even after they became reemployed. Furthermore, contrary to expectations from adaptation theories, people who had experienced unemployment in the past did not react any less negatively to a new bout of unemployment than did people who had not been previously unemployed. These results suggest that although life satisfaction is moderately stable over time, life events can have a strong influence on long-term levels of subjective well-being.", "publicationTitle": "PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JAN 2004", "volume": "15", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "8-13", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=67&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=2&doc=16", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:45:04Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0956-7976", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "I6K9MVET", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/I6K9MVET", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/I6K9MVET", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lucas and Diener", "parsedDate": "2001-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "I6K9MVET", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Understanding extraverts' enjoyment of social situations: The importance of pleasantness", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "RE", "lastName": "Lucas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E", "lastName": "Diener" } ], "abstractNote": "Extraversion is a broad, multifaceted trait, yet researchers are still unsure of its defining characteristics. One possibility is that the essential feature of extraversion is the tendency to enjoy social situations. An alternative possibility is that extraversion represents sensitivity to rewards and the tendency to experience pleasant affect. In three studies, participants rated situations that varied on two dimensions: (a) whether they were social or nonsocial and (b) whether they were very pleasant, moderately pleasant, moderately unpleasant, or very unpleasant. Extraverts only rated social situations more positively than introverts did when the situations were pleasant, and extraverts also rated nonsocial situations more positively than introverts did if the situations were pleasant. Thus, the pleasantness of situations was more important than whether they were social or nonsocial. in determining extraverts' and introverts' enjoyment.", "publicationTitle": "JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "AUG 2001", "volume": "81", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "343-356", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=67&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=3&doc=25", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:49:25Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-3514", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Understanding extraverts' enjoyment of social situations", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "TKRSN4MS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/TKRSN4MS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/TKRSN4MS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kahneman et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TKRSN4MS", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Toward national well-being accounts", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Kahneman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "AB", "lastName": "Krueger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Schkade" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N", "lastName": "Schwarz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Stone" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "MAY 2004", "volume": "94", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "429-434", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=27&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=1&doc=4", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:38:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0002-8282", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "VR99PMEH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/VR99PMEH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/VR99PMEH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Biswas-Diener and Diener", "parsedDate": "2006-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VR99PMEH", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The subjective well-being of the homeless, and lessons for happiness", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Biswas-Diener" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E", "lastName": "Diener" } ], "abstractNote": "The current study assessed the subjective well-being of a broad spectrum of homeless people. One-hundred-and-eighty-six homeless people from the streets of Calcutta (India), California, and a tent camp in Portland (Oregon) were interviewed, and responded to measures of subjective well-being. They answered questions about life satisfaction, satisfaction with various life domains, and their experience of positive and negative emotions. The mean rating of life satisfaction was slightly negative for both American samples but positive for the pavement dwellers in Calcutta. Satisfaction with self-related domains was positive, whereas satisfaction with material related domains was generally negative. Satisfaction with social domains appears to be the area of largest variation among the groups. We discuss the importance of social factors and basic material needs as they relate to overall subjective well-being of the homeless.", "publicationTitle": "SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "APR 2006", "volume": "76", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "185-205", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s11205-005-8671-9", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=67&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=1&doc=8", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:43:37Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0303-8300", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "RBVQ85UJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/RBVQ85UJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/RBVQ85UJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "INGLEHART", "parsedDate": "1988-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RBVQ85UJ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "THE RENAISSANCE OF POLITICAL-CULTURE", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "INGLEHART" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 1988", "volume": "82", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1203-1230", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=144&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=1&doc=5", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:55:49Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-0554", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "H73R233C", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/H73R233C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/H73R233C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hills and Argyle", "parsedDate": "2002-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "H73R233C", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: a compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P", "lastName": "Hills" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Argyle" } ], "abstractNote": "An improved instrument, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), has been derived from the Oxford Happiness Inventory, (OHI). The OHI comprises 29 items, each involving the selection of one of four options that are different for each item. The OHQ includes similar items to those of the OHI, each presented as a single statement which can be endorsed on a uniform six-point Likert scale. The revised instrument is compact, easy to administer and allows endorsements over an extended range. When tested against the OHI, the validity of the OHQ was satisfactory and the associations between the scales and a battery of personality variables known to be associated with well-being, were stronger for the OHQ than for the OHI. Although parallel factor analyses of OHI and the OHQ produced virtually identical statistical results, the solution for the OHQ could not be interpreted. The previously reported factorisability of the OHI may owe more to the way the items are formatted and presented, than to the nature of the items themselves. Sequential orthogonal factor analyses of the OHQ identified a single higher order factor, which suggests that the construct of well-being it measures is uni-dimensional. Discriminant analysis has been employed to produce a short-form version of the OHQ with eight items. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.", "publicationTitle": "PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "NOV 2002", "volume": "33", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1073-1082", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=6&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=1&doc=1", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:34:53Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0191-8869", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "8I24BBG8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/8I24BBG8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/8I24BBG8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Br\\ülde", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8I24BBG8", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The human good", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Br\\ülde" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "I6N4BMZS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/I6N4BMZS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/I6N4BMZS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lyubomirsky et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "I6N4BMZS", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Lyubomirsky" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L", "lastName": "King" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E", "lastName": "Diener" } ], "abstractNote": "Numerous studies show that happy individuals are successful across multiple life domains, including marriage, friendship, income, work performance, and health. The authors suggest a conceptual model to account for these findings, arguing that the happiness-success link exists not only because success makes people happy, but also because positive affect engenders success. Three classes of evidence-cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental-are documented to test their model. Relevant studies are described and their effect sizes combined meta-analytically. The results reveal that happiness is associated with and precedes numerous successful outcomes, as well as behaviors paralleling success. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that positive affect-the hallmark of well-being-may be the cause of many of the desirable characteristics, resources, and successes correlated with happiness. Limitations, empirical issues, and important future research questions are discussed.", "publicationTitle": "PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "NOV 2005", "volume": "131", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "803-855", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=67&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=1&doc=10", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:44:05Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0033-2909", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The benefits of frequent positive affect", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "WBK9M5DI", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/WBK9M5DI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/WBK9M5DI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Br\\ülde", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WBK9M5DI", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Teorier om livskvalitet", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Br\\ülde" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "J3Q77QEM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/J3Q77QEM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/J3Q77QEM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Diener", "parsedDate": "2000-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "J3Q77QEM", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Subjective well-being - The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E", "lastName": "Diener" } ], "abstractNote": "One area of positive psychology analyzes subjective well-being (SWB), people's cognitive and affective evaluations of their lives. Progress has been made in understanding the components of SWB, the importance of adaptation? ann goals to feelings of well-being, the temperament underpinnings Of SWB, and the cultural influences on well-being. Representative selection of respondents, naturalistic experience sampling measures, and other methodological refinements are now used to study SWB and could be used to produce national indicators of happiness.", "publicationTitle": "AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JAN 2000", "volume": "55", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "34-43", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=67&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=4&doc=31", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:50:05Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-066X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "NRSNMN3G", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/NRSNMN3G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/NRSNMN3G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Stutzer and Frey", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NRSNMN3G", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Stress that doesn't pay: The commuting paradox", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Stutzer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "BS", "lastName": "Frey" } ], "abstractNote": "People spend a lot of time commuting and often find it a burden. According to standard economics, the burden of commuting is chosen when compensated either on the labor or on the housing market so that individuals' utility is equalized. However, in a direct test of this strong notion of equilibrium with panel data, we find that people with longer commuting time report systematically lower subjective well-being. This result is robust with regard to a number of alternative explanations. We mention several possibilities of an extended model of human behavior able to explain this \"commuting paradox\".", "publicationTitle": "SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "110", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "339-366", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1467-9442.2008.00542.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=117&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=1&doc=2", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:51:13Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0347-0520", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Stress that doesn't pay", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "J7GQT9UM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/J7GQT9UM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/J7GQT9UM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Di Tella and MacCulloch", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "J7GQT9UM", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Some uses of happiness data in economics", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Di Tella" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "MacCulloch" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "WIN 2006", "volume": "20", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "25-46", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=120&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=1&doc=3", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:52:25Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0895-3309", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "N3QH8GV6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/N3QH8GV6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/N3QH8GV6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ouweneel", "parsedDate": "2002-06-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "N3QH8GV6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Social Security and Well-Being of the Unemployed in 42 Nations", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Piet", "lastName": "Ouweneel" } ], "abstractNote": "It is generally believed that life is better in nations with a high level of social security. Yet earlier studies have found no difference in average health and happiness between nations that differ in state welfare effort. While these previous studies focused on general population averages, the subjects of this study are the unemployed. As the unemployed are likely to benefit most from a high level of social security, one would expect the unemployed to be happier in nations with a generous social security system than in nations where the government is less open handed.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Happiness Studies", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 01, 2002", "volume": "3", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "167-192", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1023/A:1019619324661", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019619324661", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:58:01Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SpringerLink", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "T5PKUAHJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/T5PKUAHJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/T5PKUAHJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Clark et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T5PKUAHJ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Lags and leads in life satisfaction: A test of the baseline hypothesis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "AE", "lastName": "Clark" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E", "lastName": "Diener" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y", "lastName": "Georgellis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "RE", "lastName": "Lucas" } ], "abstractNote": "We look for evidence of habituation in twenty waves of German panel data: do individuals tend to return to some baseline level of well-being after life and labour market events? Although the strongest life satisfaction effect is often at the time of the event, we find significant lag and lead effects. We cannot reject the hypothesis of complete adaptation to marriage, divorce, widowhood, birth of child and layoff. However, there is little evidence of adaptation to unemployment for men. Men are somewhat more affected by labour market events (unemployment and layoffs) than are women but in general the patterns of anticipation and adaptation are remarkably similar by sex.", "publicationTitle": "ECONOMIC JOURNAL", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JUN 2008", "volume": "118", "issue": "529", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "F222-F243", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=67&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=1&doc=4", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:42:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0013-0133", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Lags and leads in life satisfaction", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "PQ72S5FZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/PQ72S5FZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/PQ72S5FZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Alesina et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PQ72S5FZ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Inequality and happiness: are Europeans and Americans different?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alberto", "lastName": "Alesina" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rafael", "lastName": "Di Tella" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "MacCulloch" } ], "abstractNote": "We study the effect of the level of inequality in society on individual well-being using a total of 123,668 answers to a survey question about \"happiness\". We find that individuals have a lower tendency to report themselves happy when inequality is high, even after controlling for individual income, a large set of personal characteristics, and year and country (or, in the case of the US, state) dummies. The effect, however, is more precisely defined statistically in Europe than in the US. In addition, we find striking differences across groups. In Europe, the poor and those on the left of the political spectrum are unhappy about inequality; whereas in the US the happiness of the poor and of those on the left is uncorrelated with inequality. Interestingly, in the US, the rich are bothered by inequality. Comparing across continents, we find that left-wingers in Europe are more hurt by inequality than left-wingers in the US. And the poor in Europe are more concerned with inequality than the poor in America, an effect that is large in terms of size but is only significant at the 10% level. We argue that these findings are consistent with the perception (not necessarily the reality) that Americans have been living in a mobile society, where individual effort can move people up and down the income ladder, while Europeans believe that they live in less mobile societies.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Public Economics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "August 2004", "volume": "88", "issue": "9-10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2009-2042", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jpubeco.2003.07.006", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V76-49P49JG-1/2/22a739daf5021cc2b7cd8b728850c5ca", "accessDate": "2009-10-13T11:07:49Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0047-2727", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Inequality and happiness", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Happiness ", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Income", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Inequality", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "DFHCVTIX", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/DFHCVTIX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/DFHCVTIX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Di Tella and MacCulloch", "parsedDate": "2008-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DFHCVTIX", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Gross national happiness as an answer to the Easterlin Paradox?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Di Tella" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "MacCulloch" } ], "abstractNote": "The Easterlin Paradox refers to the fact that happiness data are typically stationary in spite of considerable increases in income. This amounts to a rejection of the hypothesis that current income is the only argument in the utility function. We find that the happiness responses of around 350,000 people living in the OECD between 1975 and 1997 are positively correlated with the level of income, the welfare state and (weakly) with life expectancy; they are negatively correlated with the average number of hours worked, environmental degradation (measured by SOx emissions), crime, openness to trade, inflation and unemployment; all controlling for country and year dummies. These effects separate across groups in a pattern that appears broadly plausible (e.g., the rich suffer environmental degradation more than the poor). Based on actual changes from 1975 to 1997, small contributions to happiness can be attributed to the increase in income in our sample. Interestingly, the actual changes in several of the 'omitted variables' such as life expectancy, hours worked, inflation and unemployment also contribute to happiness over this time period since life expectancy has risen and the others have, on average, fallen. Consequently the unexplained trend in happiness is even bigger than would be predicted if income was the only argument in the utility function. In other words, introducing omitted variables worsens the income-without-happiness paradox. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "APR 2008", "volume": "86", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "22-42", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jdeveco.2007.06.008", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=120&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=1&doc=1", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:52:06Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0304-3878", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "PGUD5DX2", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/PGUD5DX2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/PGUD5DX2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Eid and Diener", "parsedDate": "2004-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PGUD5DX2", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Global judgments of subjective well-being: Situational variability and long-term stability", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Eid" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E", "lastName": "Diener" } ], "abstractNote": "Subjective well-being (SWB) is an important indicator of quality of life. SWB can be conceptualized as a momentary state ( e. g., mood) as well as a relatively stable trait ( e. g., life satisfaction). The validity of self-reported trait aspects of SWB has been questioned by experimental studies showing that SWB judgments seem to be strongly context dependent. Particularly, momentary mood seems to have a strong influence on global SWB judgments. To explore the ecological validity of these conclusions a non-experimental longitudinal self-report study with three occasions of measurement was conducted (N = 249). The associations between momentary mood ratings and global judgments of SWB ( life satisfaction, satisfaction with life domains, frequency and intensity of emotions) as well as personality ratings (self-esteem, optimism, neuroticism, extraversion) were analyzed in a multistate-multitrait-multiconstruct model. This model takes ( a) measurement error, (b) occasion-specific deviations, and ( c) stable interindividual differences into account. It is shown that the variability in global SWB judgments and personality ratings is relatively small and much smaller than the variability in mood. Furthermore, the occasion-specific associations between mood states, on the one hand, and global SWB and personality ratings, on the other hand, are relatively small and inconsistent. All global SWB and personality variables are more strongly related to mood on the trait level than on the occasion-specific deviation level. Therefore, in contrast to experimental studies, occasion-specific mood effects do not seem to be inherently important in ecological measurement settings.", "publicationTitle": "SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "FEB 2004", "volume": "65", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "245-277", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=67&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=2&doc=17", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:45:27Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0303-8300", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Global judgments of subjective well-being", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "DRNJ9GT8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/DRNJ9GT8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/DRNJ9GT8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Inglehart", "parsedDate": "2002-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DRNJ9GT8", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Gender, aging, and subjective well-being", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Inglehart" } ], "abstractNote": "Previous research has consistently found that men and women have similar levels of happiness, life satisfaction, and other global measures of subjective well-being. This article demonstrates that significant gender-related differences in subjective well-being exist-but tend to be concealed by an interaction effect between age, gender and well-being. Women under 45 tend to be happier than men; but older women are less happy. Thus, in a pooled sample of 146, 000 respondents from 65 societies, among the youngest group, 24 percent of the men and 28 percent of the women describe themselves as very happy; but among the oldest group, only 20 percent of the women describe themselves as very happy, while 25 percent of the men do so. The relationship between gender and well-being reverses itself moving from a female advantage of 4 points to a deficit of 5 points. Given the huge sample size, these differences are high v significant. The aspiration-adjustment model implies that, despite their continuing disadvantages in income, status, and power women of today should show higher levels of subjective well-being than men. A global women movement has been pushing for gender equality throughout the world, with some success, so that currently, women achievement tends to be above traditional aspiration levels. But this is offset by a systematic tendency to devalue older women. This tendency is particularly strong in advanced industrial societies where women have made the most progress-but where the mass media and advertising convey the message that only young women are beautiful and devalue the social worth of older women (Bluhm 2000). This produces an interaction between gender age, and well-being that conceals statistically significant and theoretically interesting gender differences in subjective well-being.", "publicationTitle": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 2002", "volume": "43", "issue": "3-5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "391-408", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=138&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=1&doc=2", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:55:24Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0020-7152", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "XI2JMR3G", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/XI2JMR3G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/XI2JMR3G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kahneman and Sugden", "parsedDate": "2005-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XI2JMR3G", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Experienced utility as a standard of policy evaluation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Kahneman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Sugden" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper explores the possibility of basing economic appraisal on the measurement of experienced utility (utility as hedonic experience) rather than decision utility (utility as a representation of preference). Because of underestimation of the extent of hedonic adaptation to changed circumstances and because of the \"focusing illusion\" (exaggerating the importance of the current focus of one's attention), individuals' forecasts of experienced utility are subject to systematic error. Such errors induce preference anomalies which the experienced utility approach might circumvent. The \"day reconstruction method\" of measuring experienced utility is considered as a possible alternative to stated preference methods.", "publicationTitle": "ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "SEP 2005", "volume": "32", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "161-181", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s10640-005-6032-4", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=54&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=1&doc=4", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:41:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0924-6460", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "FUNNGCFU", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/FUNNGCFU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/FUNNGCFU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hills and Argyle", "parsedDate": "2001-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FUNNGCFU", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Emotional stability as a major dimension of happiness", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P", "lastName": "Hills" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Argyle" } ], "abstractNote": "Happiness is associated with both extraversion and neuroticism, and extraversion is generally considered the more important. A recent study of happy introverts has shown that extraversion is not always an essential correlate of happiness, and an extensive meta-analysis has found that neuroticism is a greater predictor of both happiness and life satisfaction. It is suggested that the reason for the importance of neuroticism having been overlooked in the past, is the difficulty of handling the idea that (positive) happiness is related to the absence of a (negative) construct. This difficulty could be resolved by the reversal of neuroticism into an alternative and positive concept of \"emotional stability\". Happiness could then be regarded as being associated with two positive qualities. With this change of emphasis, a short empirical study has been made of the relationships between happiness as measured by the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) and extraversion and emotional stability. In bivariate and partial correlation, emotional stability was more strongly associated with happiness than extraversion, and accounted for more of the total variability in multiple regression. Emotional stability was also the greater correlate for a majority of the 29 items of the OHI, and the sole significant predictor of the happiness of younger people. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 2001", "volume": "31", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1357-1364", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=6&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=1&doc=2", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:35:59Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0191-8869", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } }, { "key": "9KS6J3ZG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 6066, "name": "The Science of Happiness", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/6066/items/9KS6J3ZG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_science_of_happiness/items/9KS6J3ZG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 62341, "username": "happyflipp", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/happyflipp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schkade and Kahneman", "parsedDate": "1998-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9KS6J3ZG", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Does living in California make people happy? A focusing illusion in judgments of life satisfaction", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "DA", "lastName": "Schkade" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Kahneman" } ], "abstractNote": "Large samples of students in the Mid,vest and in Southern California rated satisfaction with life overall as well as,with various aspects of life, for either themselves or someone similar to themselves in one of the two regions. Self-reported overall life satisfaction was the same in both regions, bur participants who rated a similar other expected Californians to be more satisfied than Midwesterners. Climate-related aspects were rated as more important for someone living in another region than for someone in one's own region. Mediation analyses showed that satisfaction,with climate and with cultural opportunities accounted for the higher overall life satisfaction predicted for Californians. Judgments of life satisfaction in a different location are susceptible to a focusing illusion: Easily observed and distinctive differences between locations are given more weight in such judgements than they will have in reality.", "publicationTitle": "PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "SEP 1998", "volume": "9", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "340-346", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=27&SID=R1ec6KLeciH4ChNJdEa&page=1&doc=8", "accessDate": "2009-10-14T12:40:02Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0956-7976", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Does living in California make people happy?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z", "dateModified": "2009-10-14T13:23:05Z" } } ]