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            "title": "Gravitational field-flow fractionation of human hemopoietic stem cells",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Barbara",
                    "lastName": "Roda"
                },
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Pierluigi",
                    "lastName": "Reschiglian"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Francesco",
                    "lastName": "Alviano"
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                {
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                    "firstName": "Giacomo",
                    "lastName": "Lanzoni"
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                {
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                    "firstName": "Gian Paolo",
                    "lastName": "Bagnara"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Francesca",
                    "lastName": "Ricci"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Marina",
                    "lastName": "Buzzi"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Pier Luigi",
                    "lastName": "Tazzari"
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                    "firstName": "Pasqualepaolo",
                    "lastName": "Pagliaro"
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                    "firstName": "Elisa",
                    "lastName": "Michelini"
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                    "firstName": "Aldo",
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            "abstractNote": "New cell sorting methodologies, which are simple, fast, non-invasive, and able to isolate homogeneous cell populations, are needed for applications ranging from gene expression analysis to cell-based therapy. In particular, in the forefront of stem cell isolation, progenitor cells have to be separated under mild experimental conditions from complex heterogeneous mixtures prepared from human tissues. Most of the methodologies now employed make use of immunological markers. However, it is widely acknowledged that specific markers for pluripotent stem cells are not as yet available, and cell labelling may interfere with the differentiation process. This work presents for the first time gravitational field-flow fractionation (GrFFF), as a tool for tag-less, direct selection of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from cell samples obtained by peripheral blood aphaeresis. These cells are responsible to repopulate the hemopoietic system and they are used in transplantation therapies. Blood aphaeresis sample were injected into a GrFFF system and collected fractions were characterized by flow cytometry for CD34 and CD45 expression, and then tested for viability and multi-differentiation potential. The developed GrFFF method allowed obtaining high enrichment levels of viable, multi-potent hematopoietic stem cells in specific fraction and it showed to fulfil major requirements of analytical performance, such as selectivity and reproducibility of the fractionation process and high sample recovery.",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Chromatography. A",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Dec 25, 2009",
            "volume": "1216",
            "issue": "52",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
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            "pages": "9081-9087",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "J Chromatogr A",
            "DOI": "10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.024",
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                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "Antigens, CD45",
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                {
                    "tag": "Cell Separation",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "Cells, Cultured",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "Fractionation, Field Flow",
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                {
                    "tag": "Hematopoietic Stem Cells",
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            "creatorSummary": "Wang et al.",
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Separation of polystyrene microbeads using dielectrophoretic/gravitational field-flow-fractionation",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "X B",
                    "lastName": "Wang"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "J",
                    "lastName": "Vykoukal"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "F F",
                    "lastName": "Becker"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "P R",
                    "lastName": "Gascoyne"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "The characterization of a dielectrophoretic/gravitational field-flow-fractionation (DEP/G-FFF) system using model polystyrene (PS) microbeads is presented. Separations of PS beads of different surface functionalization (COOH and none) and different sizes (6, 10, and 15 microm in diameter) are demonstrated. To investigate the factors influencing separation performance, particle elution times were determined as a function of particle suspension conductivity, fluid flow rate, and applied field frequency and voltage. Experimental data were analyzed using a previously reported theoretical model and good agreement between theory and experiment was found. It was shown that separation of PS beads was based on the differences in their effective dielectric properties. Particles possessing different dielectric properties were positioned at different heights in a fluid-flow profile in a thin chamber by the balance of DEP and gravitational forces, transported at different velocities under the influence of the fluid flow, and thereby separated. To explore hydrodynamic (HD) lift effects, velocities of PS beads were determined as a function of fluid flow rate in the separation chamber when no DEP field was applied. In this case, particle equilibrium height positions were governed solely by the balance of HD lift and gravitational forces. It was concluded that under the experimental conditions reported here, the DEP force was the dominant factor in controlling particle equilibrium height and that HD lift force played little role in DEP/G-FFF operation. Finally, the influence of various experimental parameters on separation performance was discussed for the optimization of DEP/G-FFF.",
            "publicationTitle": "Biophysical Journal",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "May 1998",
            "volume": "74",
            "issue": "5",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "2689-2701",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Biophys. J.",
            "DOI": "10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77975-5",
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            "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9591693",
            "accessDate": "2011-10-14T19:42:25Z",
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            "extra": "PMID: 9591693",
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                    "tag": "Electrophoresis",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Equipment Design",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "Gravitation",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "Microspheres",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "Polystyrenes",
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                {
                    "tag": "Static Electricity",
                    "type": 1
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Human lymphocyte sorting by gravitational field-flow fractionation",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Barbara",
                    "lastName": "Roda"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Pierluigi",
                    "lastName": "Reschiglian"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Andrea",
                    "lastName": "Zattoni"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Pier Luigi",
                    "lastName": "Tazzari"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Marina",
                    "lastName": "Buzzi"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Francesca",
                    "lastName": "Ricci"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Andrea",
                    "lastName": "Bontadini"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Interest in biological studies on various cell types for many biomedical applications, from research to patient treatments, is constantly increasing. The ability to discriminate (sort) and/or quantify distinct subpopulations of cells has become increasingly important. For instance, not only detection but also the highest depletion of neoplastic cells from normal cells is an important requisite in the autologous transplantation of lymphocytes for blood cancer treatments. In this work, gravitational field-flow fractionation (GrFFF) is shown to be effective for sorting a heterogeneous mixture of human, living lymphocytes constituted of neoplastic B cells from a Burkitt lymphoma cell line and healthy T and B lymphocytes from blood samples. GrFFF does not require the use of fluorescent immunotags for sorting cells, and the sorted cells can be collected for their further characterization. Flow cytometry was used to assess the viability of the cells collected, and to evaluate the cell fractionation achieved. A low amount of neoplastic B lymphocytes (less than 2%) was found in a specific fraction obtained by GrFFF. The high depletion from neoplastic cells (more than 98%) was confirmed by a clonogenicity test.",
            "publicationTitle": "Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Sep 2008",
            "volume": "392",
            "issue": "1-2",
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            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "137-145",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Anal Bioanal Chem",
            "DOI": "10.1007/s00216-008-2271-x",
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            "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18649074",
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            "extra": "PMID: 18649074",
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                {
                    "tag": "B-Lymphocytes",
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                },
                {
                    "tag": "Burkitt Lymphoma",
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                {
                    "tag": "Cell Line, Tumor",
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                    "tag": "Cell Survival",
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                    "tag": "Flow Cytometry",
                    "type": 1
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                    "tag": "Fractionation, Field Flow",
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                {
                    "tag": "Gravitation",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "Humans",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "T-Lymphocytes",
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            "creatorSummary": "Benincasa et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2005-08-15",
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            "title": "Cell sorting by one gravity SPLITT fractionation",
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Maria-Anna",
                    "lastName": "Benincasa"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Lee R",
                    "lastName": "Moore"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "P Stephen",
                    "lastName": "Williams"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Earl",
                    "lastName": "Poptic"
                },
                {
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                    "firstName": "Francesca",
                    "lastName": "Carpino"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Maciej",
                    "lastName": "Zborowski"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "The need for innovative separative techniques suitable for the fractionation of biomaterials prompted this investigation into the performance of the gravitational split-flow thin channel (G-SPLITT) system as a cell sorter. The rigorous mathematical description of the separation mechanism allows achievement of fast separation of several million myeloma cells from healthy splenocytes using flow conditions calculated from theory. Separation in G-SPLITT is based on differences in sedimentation rate. For accurate prediction of the optimal working conditions, this parameter was directly measured by cell tracking velocimetry rather than relying on a measure of diameter (by Multisizer) and an assumed density for each cell population. We also discuss the influence of different flow conditions on the effectiveness of separation.",
            "publicationTitle": "Analytical Chemistry",
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            "date": "Aug 15, 2005",
            "volume": "77",
            "issue": "16",
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