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"creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tony", "lastName": "Goldschlager" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Douglas J", "lastName": "Brown" } ], "abstractNote": "The intense desire for a \"cure\" in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) has resulted in the transplantation of stem cells and embryonic and other cell types into the injured spinal cord to enable limb function. We review the ethical issues concerning the procurement and use of embryonic stem cells. A brief survey of the current state of human SCI transplantation is presented. We explore the interface between basic science and the clinical management of SCI and discuss the ethical issues of therapy. At what point is it ethical to conduct human experiments when the experimental data is still at an early stage of development? Is it ethical to perform these operations on a vulnerable group of patients without adequate scientific controls and analysis of the results? Motor neuroprosthetics is developing rapidly and will enable limb movement controlled by the paralyzed patient and other device control such as wheelchairs and communication boards. How can there be a more equitable distribution of such expensive technology and other treatments of SCI? Both clinicians and scientists should be mindful of these complex ethical issues when undertaking pioneering therapies for patients with SCI.", "publicationTitle": "Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "14", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "76-88", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil", "DOI": "10.1310/sci1401-76", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1082-0744", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Ethics of the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 20351789", "tags": [], "collections": [ "WMA2Q4AW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z" } }, { "key": "JBHEXDVZ", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 57528, "name": "Neurophilosopy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/57528/items/JBHEXDVZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy/items/JBHEXDVZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 502400, "username": "rtgugg", "name": "Robert Guggenberger", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rtgugg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Benabid et al.", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JBHEXDVZ", "version": 20, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for the treatment of Parkinson's disease", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alim Louis", "lastName": "Benabid" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephan", "lastName": "Chabardes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Mitrofanis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pierre", "lastName": "Pollak" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "The Lancet Neurology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1/2009", "volume": "8", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "67-81", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70291-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1474442208702916", "accessDate": "2012-12-03T14:07:55Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "14744422", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "WMA2Q4AW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z" } }, { "key": "QDZ3PTD6", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 57528, "name": "Neurophilosopy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/57528/items/QDZ3PTD6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy/items/QDZ3PTD6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 502400, "username": "rtgugg", "name": "Robert Guggenberger", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rtgugg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wolpe et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "QDZ3PTD6", "version": 20, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Emerging neurotechnologies for lie-detection: promises and perils", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul Root", "lastName": "Wolpe" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kenneth R", "lastName": "Foster" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel D", "lastName": "Langleben" } ], "abstractNote": "Detection of deception and confirmation of truth telling with conventional polygraphy raised a host of technical and ethical issues. Recently, newer methods of recording electromagnetic signals from the brain show promise in permitting the detection of deception or truth telling. Some are even being promoted as more accurate than conventional polygraphy. While the new technologies raise issues of personal privacy, acceptable forensic application, and other social issues, the focus of this paper is the technical limitations of the developing technology. Those limitations include the measurement validity of the new technologies, which remains largely unknown. Another set of questions pertains to the psychological paradigms used to model or constrain the target behavior. Finally, there is little standardization in the field, and the vulnerability of the techniques to countermeasures is unknown. Premature application of these technologies outside of research settings should be resisted, and the social conversation about the appropriate parameters of its civil, forensic, and security use should begin.", "publicationTitle": "The American journal of bioethics: AJOB", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2010", "volume": "10", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "40-48", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Bioeth", "DOI": "10.1080/15265161.2010.519238", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1536-0075", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Emerging neurotechnologies for lie-detection", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 20945266", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biotechnology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brain", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Coercion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Confidentiality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electromagnetic Fields", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Freedom", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lie Detection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neurosciences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Observer Variation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Predictive Value of Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Privacy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reproducibility of Results", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Research Design", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "WMA2Q4AW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z" } }, { "key": "DREMNDDP", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 57528, "name": "Neurophilosopy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/57528/items/DREMNDDP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy/items/DREMNDDP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 502400, "username": "rtgugg", "name": "Robert Guggenberger", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rtgugg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hucklenbroich", "parsedDate": "1984", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DREMNDDP", "version": 20, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "System and disease: On the fundamental problem of theoretical pathology", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Hucklenbroich" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1984", "volume": "5", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "WMA2Q4AW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z" } }, { "key": "DGWDP5TE", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 57528, "name": "Neurophilosopy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/57528/items/DGWDP5TE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy/items/DGWDP5TE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 502400, "username": "rtgugg", "name": "Robert Guggenberger", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rtgugg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gostin", "parsedDate": "1980-09", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DGWDP5TE", "version": 20, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Ethical considerations of psychosurgery: the unhappy legacy of the pre-frontal lobotomy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L O", "lastName": "Gostin" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of medical ethics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 1980", "volume": "6", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "149-154", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Med Ethics", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0306-6800", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Ethical considerations of psychosurgery", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 7420386", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child, Preschool", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ethics, Medical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Government Regulation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Informed Consent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Internationality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mental Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychosurgery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Assessment", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "WMA2Q4AW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z" } }, { "key": "NB3QVQCB", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 57528, "name": "Neurophilosopy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/57528/items/NB3QVQCB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy/items/NB3QVQCB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 502400, "username": "rtgugg", "name": "Robert Guggenberger", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rtgugg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Merkel", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NB3QVQCB", "version": 20, "itemType": "book", "title": "Intervening in the brain changing psyche and society", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Reinhard", "lastName": "Merkel" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2007", "publisher": "Springer", "place": "Berlin; New York", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "9783540464761 354046476X 9783540464778 3540464778", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "In English, with German summary.", "libraryCatalog": "Open WorldCat", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "WMA2Q4AW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z" } }, { "key": "DXAKXXWD", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 57528, "name": "Neurophilosopy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/57528/items/DXAKXXWD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy/items/DXAKXXWD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 502400, "username": "rtgugg", "name": "Robert Guggenberger", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rtgugg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ford et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DXAKXXWD", "version": 20, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A patient revoking consent during awake craniotomy: an ethical challenge", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "PJ", "lastName": "Ford" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "NM", "lastName": "Boulis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "EB, Jr", "lastName": "Montgomery" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "AR", "lastName": "Rezai" } ], "abstractNote": "Purpose.  The ethical challenges posed when a patient requests the discontinuation of a procedure during awake neurosurgeries are seldom discussed. We present such a case with a very brief ethics discussion. Case.  A patient with idiopathic parkinsonism requested the discontinuation of a surgery in the middle of the implantation of bilateral deep brain stimulator electrodes. In consultation with a clinical bioethicist and the patient's family, the surgical team decided that the patient's current wishes needed to be respected. Subsequently, the surgical team performed the steps necessary to safely halt the surgery. Conclusion.  Even though the patient had the privilege of requesting a discontinuation, the surgeon had an obligation to keep the patient safe. Processes should be in place to assist decision-making about the continuation of awake surgery after such a patient request.", "publicationTitle": "Neuromodulation: journal of the International Neuromodulation Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2007", "volume": "10", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "329-332", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Neuromodulation", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1525-1403.2007.00119.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1094-7159", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "A patient revoking consent during awake craniotomy", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 22150891", "tags": [], "collections": [ "WMA2Q4AW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z" } }, { "key": "3TIR4ABJ", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 57528, "name": "Neurophilosopy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/57528/items/3TIR4ABJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy/items/3TIR4ABJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 502400, "username": "rtgugg", "name": "Robert Guggenberger", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rtgugg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kirsch and Bernstein", "parsedDate": "2012-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "3TIR4ABJ", "version": 20, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Ethical challenges with awake craniotomy for tumor", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brandon", "lastName": "Kirsch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark", "lastName": "Bernstein" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND\n\nAwake brain surgery is useful for the treatment of a number of conditions such as epilepsy and brain tumor, as well as in functional neurosurgery. Several studies have been published regarding clinical results and outcomes of patients who have undergone awake craniotomy but few have dealt with related ethical issues.\n\n\nOBJECTIVE\n\nThe authors undertake to explore broadly the ethical issues surrounding awake brain surgery for tumor resection to encourage further consideration and discussion.\n\n\nMETHODS\n\nBased on a review of the literature related to awake craniotomy and in part from the personal experience of the senior author, we conducted an assessment of the ethical issues associated with awake brain tumor surgery.\n\n\nRESULTS\n\nThe major ethical issues identified relate to: (1) lack of data; (2) utilization; (3) conflict of interest; (4) informed consent; (5) surgical innovation; and (6) surgical training.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\n\nThe authors respectfully suggest that the selection of patients for awake craniotomy needs to be monitored according to more consistent, objective standards in order to avoid conflicts of interest and potential harm to patients.", "publicationTitle": "The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 2012", "volume": "39", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "78-82", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Can J Neurol Sci", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0317-1671", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 22384500", "tags": [ { "tag": "Attitude to Health", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brain Neoplasms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Conflict of Interest", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Craniotomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Patient Education as Topic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Patient Selection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Wakefulness", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "WMA2Q4AW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z" } }, { "key": "SEAC6ZCS", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 57528, "name": "Neurophilosopy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/57528/items/SEAC6ZCS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy/items/SEAC6ZCS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 502400, "username": "rtgugg", "name": "Robert Guggenberger", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rtgugg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brickman et al.", "parsedDate": "1982", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "SEAC6ZCS", "version": 20, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Models of helping and coping.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philip", "lastName": "Brickman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vita Carulli", "lastName": "Rabinowitz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jurgis Jr.", "lastName": "Karuza" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dan", "lastName": "Coates" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ellen", "lastName": "Cohn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Louise", "lastName": "Kidder" } ], "abstractNote": "Draws a distinction between attribution of responsibility for a problem and attribution of responsibility for a solution. Four general helping models are derived. In the \"moral\" model, actors are held responsible for both problems and solutions and are believed to need only proper motivation. In the compensatory model, people are responsible only for solutions and are believed to need power. Individuals in the medical model are responsible for neither problems nor solutions and are thought to need treatment. In the enlightenment model, actors are responsible for problems but are unable or unwilling to provide solutions; they need discipline. It is maintained that each set of assumptions has characteristic consequences for the competence, status, and well-being of actors and that the wrong choice of model in a situation will undermine effective helping and coping. Competing models of responsibility in education, psychotherapy, law, and welfare are described, and research on attribution of responsibility is recommended as a way of addressing problems of both theoretical and social significance. (128 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)", "publicationTitle": "American Psychologist", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1982", "volume": "37", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "368-384", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1037/0003-066X.37.4.368", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1935-990X(Electronic);0003-066X(Print)", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "literature review" }, { "tag": "moral vs compensatory vs medical vs enlightenment model of helping & coping" } ], "collections": [ "WMA2Q4AW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z" } }, { "key": "7UH6NB3S", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 57528, "name": "Neurophilosopy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/57528/items/7UH6NB3S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/neurophilosopy/items/7UH6NB3S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 502400, "username": "rtgugg", "name": "Robert Guggenberger", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rtgugg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Greene and Cohen", "parsedDate": "2004-11-29", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "7UH6NB3S", "version": 20, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "For the law, neuroscience changes nothing and everything", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joshua", "lastName": "Greene" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonathan", "lastName": "Cohen" } ], "abstractNote": "The rapidly growing field of cognitive neuroscience holds the promise of explaining the operations of the mind in terms of the physical operations of the brain. Some suggest that our emerging understanding of the physical causes of human (mis)behaviour will have a transformative effect on the law. Others argue that new neuroscience will provide only new details and that existing legal doctrine can accommodate whatever new information neuroscience will provide. We argue that neuroscience will probably have a transformative effect on the law, despite the fact that existing legal doctrine can, in principle, accommodate whatever neuroscience will tell us. New neuroscience will change the law, not by undermining its current assumptions, but by transforming people's moral intuitions about free will and responsibility. This change in moral outlook will result not from the discovery of crucial new facts or clever new arguments, but from a new appreciation of old arguments, bolstered by vivid new illustrations provided by cognitive neuroscience. We foresee, and recommend, a shift away from punishment aimed at retribution in favour of a more progressive, consequentialist approach to the criminal law.", "publicationTitle": "Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 29, 2004", "volume": "359", "issue": "1451", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1775-1785", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci.", "DOI": "10.1098/rstb.2004.1546", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0962-8436", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 15590618", "tags": [ { "tag": "Brain", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Crime", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Jurisprudence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuropsychology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personal Autonomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Responsibility", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "WMA2Q4AW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z", "dateModified": "2013-03-27T14:38:22Z" } } ]