[ { "key": "ZU46H9VK", "version": 17, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 573308, "name": "wind_plant_optimization", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/573308/items/ZU46H9VK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization/items/ZU46H9VK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brusca et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-06-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZU46H9VK", "version": 17, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Wind Turbine Placement Optimization by means of the Monte Carlo Simulation Method, Wind Turbine Placement Optimization by means of the Monte Carlo Simulation Method", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Brusca" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Lanzafame" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Messina" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Brusca" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Lanzafame" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Messina" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper defines a new procedure for optimising wind farm turbine placement by means of Monte Carlo simulation method. To verify the algorithm’s accuracy, an experimental wind farm was tested in a wind tunnel. On the basis of experimental measurements, the error on wind farm power output was less than 4%. The optimization maximises the energy production criterion; wind turbines’ ground positions were used as independent variables. Moreover, the mathematical model takes into account annual wind intensities and directions and wind turbine interaction. The optimization of a wind farm on a real site was carried out using measured wind data, dominant wind direction, and intensity data as inputs to run the Monte Carlo simulations. There were 30 turbines in the wind park, each rated at 20 kW. This choice was based on wind farm economics. The site was proportionally divided into 100 square cells, taking into account a minimum windward and crosswind distance between the turbines. The results highlight that the dominant wind intensity factor tends to overestimate the annual energy production by about 8%. Thus, the proposed method leads to a more precise annual energy evaluation and to a more optimal placement of the wind turbines., This paper defines a new procedure for optimising wind farm turbine placement by means of Monte Carlo simulation method. To verify the algorithm’s accuracy, an experimental wind farm was tested in a wind tunnel. On the basis of experimental measurements, the error on wind farm power output was less than 4%. The optimization maximises the energy production criterion; wind turbines’ ground positions were used as independent variables. Moreover, the mathematical model takes into account annual wind intensities and directions and wind turbine interaction. The optimization of a wind farm on a real site was carried out using measured wind data, dominant wind direction, and intensity data as inputs to run the Monte Carlo simulations. There were 30 turbines in the wind park, each rated at 20 kW. This choice was based on wind farm economics. The site was proportionally divided into 100 square cells, taking into account a minimum windward and crosswind distance between the turbines. The results highlight that the dominant wind intensity factor tends to overestimate the annual energy production by about 8%. Thus, the proposed method leads to a more precise annual energy evaluation and to a more optimal placement of the wind turbines.", "publicationTitle": "Modelling and Simulation in Engineering, Modelling and Simulation in Engineering", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014/06/09, 2014/06/09", "volume": "2014, 2014", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e760934", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1155/2014/760934, 10.1155/2014/760934", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.hindawi.com/journals/mse/2014/760934/abs/, http://www.hindawi.com/journals/mse/2014/760934/abs/", "accessDate": "2016-06-23T19:16:11Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1687-5591, 1687-5591", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.hindawi.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T19:16:11Z", "dateModified": "2016-06-23T19:16:11Z" } }, { "key": "EM9NTIJU", "version": 16, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 573308, "name": "wind_plant_optimization", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/573308/items/EM9NTIJU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization/items/EM9NTIJU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Serrano González et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EM9NTIJU", "version": 16, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A review and recent developments in the optimal wind-turbine micro-siting problem", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Javier", "lastName": "Serrano González" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Manuel", "lastName": "Burgos Payán" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jesús Manuel Riquelme", "lastName": "Santos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francisco", "lastName": "González-Longatt" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "02/2014", "volume": "30", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "133-144", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.rser.2013.09.027", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032113006989", "accessDate": "2016-06-23T19:06:11Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "13640321", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T19:06:11Z", "dateModified": "2016-06-23T19:06:11Z" } }, { "key": "TS43F92X", "version": 16, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 573308, "name": "wind_plant_optimization", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/573308/items/TS43F92X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization/items/TS43F92X", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Forinash", "parsedDate": "2016", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TS43F92X", "version": 16, "itemType": "thesis", "title": "Floating Offshore Wind Array Systems Optimization off the US West Coast using an Extended Pattern Search Algorithm", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Caitlin P.", "lastName": "Forinash" } ], "abstractNote": "", "thesisType": "Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering", "university": "Oregon State University", "place": "", "date": "2016", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "numPages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/59225/ForinashCaitlinP2016.pdf?sequence=1", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T19:03:45Z", "dateModified": "2016-06-23T19:06:04Z" } }, { "key": "Q3SUQKIN", "version": 13, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 573308, "name": "wind_plant_optimization", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/573308/items/Q3SUQKIN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization/items/Q3SUQKIN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "King et al.", "parsedDate": "2016-01-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Q3SUQKIN", "version": 13, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Adjoint Optimization of wind Farm Layouts for Systems Engineering Analysis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ryan", "lastName": "King" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Hamlington" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katherine", "lastName": "Dykes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Graf" } ], "abstractNote": "", "proceedingsTitle": "", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics", "place": "", "date": "2016-01-04", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.2514/6.2016-2199", "ISBN": "978-1-62410-395-7", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://tesla.colorado.edu/attachments/team/Peter-Hamlington/King_AIAA_2016.pdf", "accessDate": "2016-06-23T18:59:04Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T18:59:04Z", "dateModified": "2016-06-23T18:59:15Z" } }, { "key": "89DU63DG", "version": 12, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 573308, "name": "wind_plant_optimization", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/573308/items/89DU63DG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization/items/89DU63DG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chen et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-02-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "89DU63DG", "version": 12, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Investigating the possibility of using different hub height wind turbines in a wind farm", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ying", "lastName": "Chen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hua", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kai", "lastName": "Jin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yousri", "lastName": "Elkassabgi" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Sustainable Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2015-02-03", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-9", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/14786451.2015.1007139", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14786451.2015.1007139", "accessDate": "2016-06-23T18:04:50Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1478-6451, 1478-646X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T18:04:50Z", "dateModified": "2016-06-23T18:04:50Z" } }, { "key": "U3MIXI8K", "version": 11, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 573308, "name": "wind_plant_optimization", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/573308/items/U3MIXI8K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization/items/U3MIXI8K", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chen et al.", "parsedDate": "2016-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "U3MIXI8K", "version": 11, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Wind turbine layout optimization with multiple hub height wind turbines using greedy algorithm", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "Chen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. X.", "lastName": "Song" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "X.", "lastName": "Zhang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. F.", "lastName": "Wang" } ], "abstractNote": "Wind turbine layout optimization in wind farm is one of the most important technologies to increase the wind power utilization. This paper studies the wind turbine layout optimization with multiple hub heights wind turbines using greedy algorithm. The linear wake model and the particle wake model are used for wake flow calculation over flat terrain and complex terrain, respectively. Three-dimensional greedy algorithm is developed to optimize wind turbine layout with multiple hub heights for minimizing cost per unit power output. The numerical cases over flat terrain and complex terrain are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed greedy algorithm for the optimization problem. The results reveal that it incurs lower computational costs to obtain better optimized results using the proposed greedy algorithm than the one using genetic algorithm. Compared to the layout with identical hub height wind turbines, the one with multiple hub height wind turbines can increase the total power output and decrease the cost per unit power output remarkably, especially for the wind farm over complex terrain. It is suggested that three-dimensional greedy algorithm is an effective method for more benefits of using wind turbines with multiple hub heights in wind farm design.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2016", "volume": "96, Part A", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "676-686", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.renene.2016.05.018", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148116304293", "accessDate": "2016-06-23T18:03:17Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-1481", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T18:03:17Z", "dateModified": "2016-06-23T18:03:17Z" } }, { "key": "ZES398NB", "version": 10, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 573308, "name": "wind_plant_optimization", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/573308/items/ZES398NB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization/items/ZES398NB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "DuPont and Cagan", "parsedDate": "2016-01-14", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZES398NB", "version": 10, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A hybrid extended pattern search/genetic algorithm for multi-stage wind farm optimization", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bryony", "lastName": "DuPont" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonathan", "lastName": "Cagan" } ], "abstractNote": "This purpose of this work is to explore means of optimizing multi-stage wind farms using two derivative-free optimization methods: a hybrid Extended Pattern Search/Genetic Algorithm (capitalizing on the benefits of each), and a multi-objective Extended Pattern Search. Large onshore wind farms are often installed in discrete phases, with smaller sub-farms being installed and becoming operational in succession, creating the completed large wind farm in a piece-wise fashion over multiple years. Multi-stage wind farms present a complex and relevant optimization challenge in that in addition to accounting for the site-specific objectives of a wind farm (such as power development and profit), optimization of both the discrete sub-farms and the completed farm must be jointly considered. Two different problem formulations are explored: the first uses the optimal layout of a complete farm and then systematically “removes” turbines to create smaller sub-farms; the second uses a weighted multi-objective optimization over sequential, adjacent land that concurrently optimizes each sub-farm and the complete farm. For both problem formulations, two wind test cases are considered for both a square and a rectangular field: a constant wind speed from a predominant wind direction, and a multidirectional test case with three wind speeds and a defined probability of occurrence for each. The exploration of these resulting layouts indicates the value of the advanced multi-objective EPS and the hybrid EPS/GA, and gives insight into how to approach optimizing both completed wind farms and sub-farm stages. The behavior exhibited in these tests cases suggests strategies that can be employed by wind farm developers to facilitate predictable, optimal performance of multi-stage wind farms throughout their useful life.", "publicationTitle": "Optimization and Engineering", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2016/01/14", "volume": "17", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "77-103", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Optim Eng", "DOI": "10.1007/s11081-016-9308-3", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11081-016-9308-3", "accessDate": "2016-06-23T18:02:26Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1389-4420, 1573-2924", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T18:02:26Z", "dateModified": "2016-06-23T18:02:26Z" } }, { "key": "CXRWIR6H", "version": 9, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 573308, "name": "wind_plant_optimization", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/573308/items/CXRWIR6H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization/items/CXRWIR6H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "DuPont et al.", "parsedDate": "2016-07-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CXRWIR6H", "version": 9, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "An advanced modeling system for optimization of wind farm layout and wind turbine sizing using a multi-level extended pattern search algorithm", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bryony", "lastName": "DuPont" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonathan", "lastName": "Cagan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Patrick", "lastName": "Moriarty" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper presents a system of modeling advances that can be applied in the computational optimization of wind plants. These modeling advances include accurate cost and power modeling, partial wake interaction, and the effects of varying atmospheric stability. To validate the use of this advanced modeling system, it is employed within an Extended Pattern Search (EPS)-Multi-Agent System (MAS) optimization approach for multiple wind scenarios. The wind farm layout optimization problem involves optimizing the position and size of wind turbines such that the aerodynamic effects of upstream turbines are reduced, which increases the effective wind speed and resultant power at each turbine. The EPS-MAS optimization algorithm employs a profit objective, and an overarching search determines individual turbine positions, with a concurrent EPS-MAS determining the optimal hub height and rotor diameter for each turbine. Two wind cases are considered: (1) constant, unidirectional wind, and (2) three discrete wind speeds and varying wind directions, each of which have a probability of occurrence. Results show the advantages of applying the series of advanced models compared to previous application of an EPS with less advanced models to wind farm layout optimization, and imply best practices for computational optimization of wind farms with improved accuracy.", "publicationTitle": "Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 1, 2016", "volume": "106", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "802-814", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.energy.2015.12.033", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544215016758", "accessDate": "2016-06-23T18:00:22Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0360-5442", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T18:00:22Z", "dateModified": "2016-06-23T18:00:22Z" } }, { "key": "BDFQN2JH", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 573308, "name": "wind_plant_optimization", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/573308/items/BDFQN2JH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization/items/BDFQN2JH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gao et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-10-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BDFQN2JH", "version": 8, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Study on offshore wind power potential and wind farm optimization in Hong Kong", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xiaoxia", "lastName": "Gao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hongxing", "lastName": "Yang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lin", "lastName": "Lu" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper investigates the potential and feasibility of the offshore wind energy in Hong Kong. The potential offshore wind farm locations are selected after considering the man-made activities in Hong Kong waters that may come into conflict with the development of the offshore wind farms. The hourly wind data of ten years (2002–2011) in the corresponding potential wind farms are analyzed. The assessment for offshore power potential is obtained with the potential wind farm being optimized using the Multi-Population Genetic Algorithm (MPGA) which aims at getting a minimum cost of energy (COE) with a maximum power generation. The optimal wind turbine layout configurations are proposed with an economic analysis and monthly power generation. Results show that the potential offshore wind farm area in and beyond (2 km away from its boundary) Hong Kong is 357.78 km2 (21.68% of the HK water area) and southeastern water area is the most suitable location for offshore wind farm development. In additions, the potential annual offshore wind power generation is 112.81 × 108 kW h which accounts for 25.06% of the total annual power consumption in 2011 if the wind turbine layout is optimized. The potential monthly offshore wind power contribution to the electricity demand is the highest in October (46.46%) and lowest in August (7.93%).", "publicationTitle": "Applied Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 1, 2014", "volume": "130", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "519-531", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Applied Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.070", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261914002153", "accessDate": "2016-06-23T17:35:14Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0306-2619", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T17:35:14Z", "dateModified": "2016-06-23T17:35:14Z" } }, { "key": "FV4KGC3X", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 573308, "name": "wind_plant_optimization", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/573308/items/FV4KGC3X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization/items/FV4KGC3X", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rahbari et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FV4KGC3X", "version": 7, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Towards realistic designs of wind farm layouts: Application of a novel placement selector approach", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Omid", "lastName": "Rahbari" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Majid", "lastName": "Vafaeipour" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Farivar", "lastName": "Fazelpour" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michel", "lastName": "Feidt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marc A.", "lastName": "Rosen" } ], "abstractNote": "The optimal arrangement of wind turbines plays a significant role in obtaining the expected output power from wind farms. This paper addresses challenges related to typical restriction assumptions of turbine arrangement in wind farms with candidate selection approach. An applicable hybrid (quadratic assignment problem-genetic algorithm) evolutionary method with an initial candidate points selection (ICPS) approach is proposed and applied to four case studies to obtain optimal layout designs with maximum efficiency. The current study considers not only the previously utilized indicators found in the literature, such as wake effects, turbine hub height and rotor diameter, but also accounts for additional criteria such as the load-bearing capacity of soil and restrictions regarding the existence of prohibited places as well as varying wind velocities and directions. This is done to make the approach more applicable for realistic cases, and also to incorporate the preferences of expert designers. The results suggest that superior performance is attained with the proposed algorithm compared to previous similar studies. An efficiency improvement of about 3% is achieved for case one, and the algorithm provides reasonable optimal wind farm design layouts for cases two, three, and four where more restrictions exist.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Conversion and Management", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2014", "volume": "81", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "242-254", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Conversion and Management", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enconman.2014.02.010", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890414001198", "accessDate": "2016-06-23T16:57:59Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0196-8904", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Towards realistic designs of wind farm layouts", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T16:57:59Z", "dateModified": "2016-06-23T16:57:59Z" } }, { "key": "EHU7GWK7", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 573308, "name": "wind_plant_optimization", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/573308/items/EHU7GWK7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization/items/EHU7GWK7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mittal et al.", "parsedDate": "2016-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EHU7GWK7", "version": 6, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A novel hybrid optimization methodology to optimize the total number and placement of wind turbines", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Prateek", "lastName": "Mittal" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kedar", "lastName": "Kulkarni" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kishalay", "lastName": "Mitra" } ], "abstractNote": "Due to increasing penetration of wind energy in the recent times, wind farmers tend to generate increasing amount of energy out of wind farms. In order to achieve the target, many wind farms are operated with a layout design of numerous turbines placed close to each other in a limited land area leading to greater energy losses due to ‘wake effects’. Moreover, these turbines need to satisfy many other constraints such as topological constraints, minimum allowable capacity factors, inter-turbine distances, noise constraints etc. Thus, the problem of placing wind turbines in a farm to maximize the overall produced energy while satisfying all constraints is highly constrained and complex. Existing methods to solve the turbine placement problem typically assume knowledge about the total number of turbines to be placed in the farm. However, in reality, wind farm developers often have little or no information about the best number of turbines to be placed in a farm. This study proposes a novel hybrid optimization methodology to simultaneously determine the optimum total number of turbines to be placed in a wind farm along with their optimal locations. The proposed hybrid methodology is a combination of probabilistic genetic algorithms and deterministic gradient based optimization methods. Application of the proposed method on representative case studies yields higher Annual Energy Production (AEP) than the results found by using two of the existing methods.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2016", "volume": "86", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "133-147", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.100", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148115301956", "accessDate": "2016-06-23T16:36:10Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-1481", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T16:36:10Z", "dateModified": "2016-06-23T16:36:10Z" } }, { "key": "EBH9DPKC", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 573308, "name": "wind_plant_optimization", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/573308/items/EBH9DPKC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization/items/EBH9DPKC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Patel et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-06-28", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EBH9DPKC", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Maximizing Energy Output of a Wind Farm Using Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jaydeep", "lastName": "Patel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vimal", "lastName": "Savsani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rajesh", "lastName": "Patel" } ], "abstractNote": "World is facing a big problems for fossil fuel as it deals with the issues like availability, environmental effect like global warming etc, which forces us to explore new renewable sources of energy like solar, tidal, geothermal, wind etc. Among all the energies wind energy is the effective form of energy. As evaluated from the research, main cause for reduction of energy output in wind farm is the positioning of the wind turbine, as it is a function of wake loss. Present paper investigates an effective meta-heuristics optimization method known as Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO), to optimize the positioning of the wind turbine in a wind farm. Two different scenarios of wind speed and its direction distribution across the wind site is considered like, (a) uniform wind speed of 12 m/s with uniform direction and (b) uniform wind speed of 12 m/s with variable wind direction. The results show that the implementation of TLBO is effective then other existing strategy, in terms of maximized expected power output and minimum wake effect of turbines by each other.", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 28, 2015", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "V002T19A004", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1115/ES2015-49164", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ES2015-49164", "accessDate": "2016-06-23T16:35:25Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Silverchair", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T16:35:25Z", "dateModified": "2016-06-23T16:35:25Z" } }, { "key": "KBH6I95B", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 573308, "name": "wind_plant_optimization", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/573308/items/KBH6I95B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization/items/KBH6I95B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Shakoor et al.", "parsedDate": "2016-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KBH6I95B", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Wind farm layout optimization using area dimensions and definite point selection techniques", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rabia", "lastName": "Shakoor" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mohammad Yusri", "lastName": "Hassan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Abdur", "lastName": "Raheem" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nadia", "lastName": "Rasheed" } ], "abstractNote": "Wind turbines are the biggest rotating machines on earth, operating in the lowest part of the earth boundary layer. Designing the layout scheme of wind farms is a challenging job to researchers, as there are many design objectives and constraints due to the multiple wake phenomena. This paper proposes an area rotation method to find the optimum dimensions of the wind farm shape, where maximum area could face the free stream velocity. Afterwards, a novel method called Definite Point Selection (DPS) is developed to place the turbines in order to operate at maximum, while providing obligatory space between adjacent turbines for operation safety. This method can be used to identify the zero wake effect points at wind farm. The result from this study shows that the proposed method is more effective to increase the overall power of a wind farm than the previous methods. Also, the power output of the wind farm by using combined area rotation and DPS methods was increased even when using the same number of wind turbines.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 2016", "volume": "88", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "154-163", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.renene.2015.11.021", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148115304390", "accessDate": "2016-06-23T14:26:15Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-1481", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T14:26:15Z", "dateModified": "2016-06-23T14:26:15Z" } }, { "key": "KF89WX4G", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 573308, "name": "wind_plant_optimization", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/573308/items/KF89WX4G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization/items/KF89WX4G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Quan and Kim", "parsedDate": "2016-04-20", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KF89WX4G", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A Mixed Integer Linear Programing Formulation for Unrestricted Wind Farm Layout Optimization", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ning", "lastName": "Quan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Harrison M.", "lastName": "Kim" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper presents a novel mixed integer linear programing (MILP) formulation for finding the optimal layout of a fixed number of identical turbines that maximizes wind farm power generation. Previous MILP formulations with power maximizing objectives discretize the feasible space by using a grid of possible turbine locations. The proposed MILP formulation takes a different approach by allowing unrestricted placement of turbines, but treats wake cone overlap as a binary outcome. The rationale behind the proposed formulation is that the expansion of the feasible space for turbine placement in the proposed formulation would offset the disadvantage of using a lower fidelity binary wake cone overlap model. For small wind farms, the proposed formulation was able to produce superior layouts compared to a grid-based MILP formulation.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Mechanical Design", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 20, 2016", "volume": "138", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "061404-061404", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Mech. Des", "DOI": "10.1115/1.4033239", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4033239", "accessDate": "2016-06-23T14:20:48Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1050-0472", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Silverchair", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T14:20:48Z", "dateModified": "2016-06-23T14:20:48Z" } }, { "key": "WQIA6Z78", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 573308, "name": "wind_plant_optimization", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/573308/items/WQIA6Z78", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wind_plant_optimization/items/WQIA6Z78", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Turner et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WQIA6Z78", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A new mathematical programming approach to optimize wind farm layouts", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. D. O.", "lastName": "Turner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. A.", "lastName": "Romero" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. Y.", "lastName": "Zhang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. H.", "lastName": "Amon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T. C. Y.", "lastName": "Chan" } ], "abstractNote": "The optimal placement of turbines in a wind farm is critical to the maximization of power production. In this paper, we develop a new mathematical programming approach for wind farm layout optimization. We use Jensen's wake decay model to represent multi-turbine wake effects. We develop mixed integer linear and quadratic optimization formulations and apply them to several example layout cases in the literature. Compared to previous approaches, our models produce layouts that tend to be more symmetric and that generate slightly more power. Our formulations solve quickly, allowing a decision maker to efficiently explore the impact of different turbine densities in a wind farm.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 2014", "volume": "63", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "674-680", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.renene.2013.10.023", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148113005545", "accessDate": "2016-06-23T14:12:52Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-1481", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T14:12:52Z", "dateModified": "2016-06-23T14:12:52Z" } } ]