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Pg iv says CSE (levelized cost of energy saved) on average was 0.028 kWh site for electricity nationally and

\n

Pg v says total resource costs, TRC, ranges from 1.24 to 4.0, so $1 in energy spent saves $1.24 to $4. Table 7 on p 24 has detailed breakdown. 2.5-2.75 appear about the average.

\n

 

\n

P 8-9 A recent national review by ACEEE found that most states use a combination of the tests, with the TRC being the most widely used as the primary test and the RIM rarely being used (Kushler, Nowak, and Witte 2012). For information on each state’s approach to costeffectiveness tests, see the ACEEE State Energy Efficiency Policy Database. 15 From a utility resource planning perspective, the UCT is the preferred approach for evaluating energy efficiency as a resource for utility planners, and thus is the focus of this report. A handful of states use the UCT as their primary test: Connecticut, Michigan, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah. The TRC, although most widely used as the primary test, can be challenging to implement properly because it takes a system-based approach that requires all costs and benefits to be fully accounted.

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Contents

\n", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "viewcontent.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-06-19T21:06:09Z", "dateModified": "2017-09-06T22:15:28Z" } }, { "key": "ZS9D85JW", "version": 247, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 572202, "name": "residential_HVAC_performance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/residential_hvac_performance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/572202/items/ZS9D85JW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/residential_hvac_performance/items/ZS9D85JW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3664045, "username": "lieko", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lieko", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Foster et al.", "parsedDate": "2002", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZS9D85JW", "version": 247, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Residential HVAC Quality Installation: New Partnership Opportunities and Approaches", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rebecca", "lastName": "Foster" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mia", "lastName": "South" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chris", "lastName": "Neme" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "George", "lastName": "Edgar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Patrick", "lastName": "Murphy" } ], "abstractNote": "Traditionally, residential HVAC programs designed to achieve \"Quality Installation\" (QI) have used specification-, incentive-, education/training-, and certification-based approaches to influence specific market stakeholders, mainly installers. This paper focuses on these program approaches and suggests expanded program components designed to influence other market players, including salespeople, consumers, and manufacturers. It includes information on a national installation specification, a national consumer-education campaign, two statewide program approaches, and an industry certification effort.", "proceedingsTitle": "ACEEE National Symposium on Market Transformation", "conferenceName": "ACEEE National Symposium on Market Transformation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2002", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://aceee.org/files/proceedings/2002/data/papers/SS02_Panel6_Paper07.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "Bib", "tags": [], "collections": [ "TDNHJ6EH" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-01-31T23:48:08Z", "dateModified": "2017-09-06T16:42:44Z" } }, { "key": "BZTJXW53", "version": 246, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 572202, "name": "residential_HVAC_performance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/residential_hvac_performance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/572202/items/BZTJXW53", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/residential_hvac_performance/items/BZTJXW53", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3664045, "username": "lieko", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lieko", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Grevatt et al.", "parsedDate": "2016", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BZTJXW53", "version": 246, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Keys to the House: Unlocking Residential Savings with Program Models for Home Energy Upgrades", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jim", "lastName": "Grevatt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ian", "lastName": "Hoffman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Hoffmeyer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chris", "lastName": "Neme" } ], "abstractNote": "", "proceedingsTitle": "", "conferenceName": "ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2016", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://aceee.org/files/proceedings/2016/data/papers/2_693.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "Bib", "tags": [], "collections": [ "TDNHJ6EH", "UKVXQCA9" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-05-01T21:27:38Z", "dateModified": "2017-09-06T16:41:20Z" } }, { "key": "JNB2R437", "version": 245, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 572202, "name": "residential_HVAC_performance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/residential_hvac_performance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/572202/items/JNB2R437", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/residential_hvac_performance/items/JNB2R437", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3664045, "username": "lieko", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lieko", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Karg and Krigger", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JNB2R437", "version": 245, "itemType": "report", "title": "Specification of Energy-Efficient Installation and Maintenance Practices for Residential HVAC Systems", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rick", "lastName": "Karg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Krigger" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "", "place": "", "date": "2000", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "ftp://ftp.mingledorffs.com/Tech_Service/ACA_Conference_Folder/Misc_Folder/energy%20white%20paper.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "Bib", "tags": [], "collections": [ "TDNHJ6EH", "UKVXQCA9" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-05-02T17:12:52Z", "dateModified": "2017-09-06T16:38:33Z" } }, { "key": "HHNKEX3V", "version": 244, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 572202, "name": "residential_HVAC_performance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/residential_hvac_performance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/572202/items/HHNKEX3V", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/residential_hvac_performance/items/HHNKEX3V", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3664045, "username": "lieko", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lieko", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kim", "parsedDate": "2013-10-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HHNKEX3V", "version": 244, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Fault Detection And Diagnosis For Air Conditioners And Heat Pumps Based On Virtual Sensors", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Woohyun", "lastName": "Kim" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Open Access Dissertations", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013-10-01", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/153", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "Bib", "tags": [], "collections": [ "FHTJB42Q" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T22:14:58Z", "dateModified": "2017-09-06T16:30:34Z" } }, { "key": "RXZNZK47", "version": 243, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 572202, "name": "residential_HVAC_performance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/residential_hvac_performance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/572202/items/RXZNZK47", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/residential_hvac_performance/items/RXZNZK47", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3664045, "username": "lieko", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lieko", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mowris and Jones", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "RXZNZK47", "version": 243, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Peak Demand and Energy Savings from Properly Sized and Matched Air Conditioners", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Mowris" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ean", "lastName": "Jones" } ], "abstractNote": "Air conditioner energy efficiency ratings generally decrease by 2 to 8% per ton as the cooling capacity increases, and most residential and commercial air conditioners in the United States are oversized by 25 to 50%. Published field studies from pilot programs in hot climates have reported peak demand savings of 0.4 to 1.6 kW per unit for properly sized air conditioners. Improperly matched evaporators and condensers (even systems listed in the Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Institute directory) can reduce efficiency by 4 to 27% and increase peak demand by 0.2 to 1.2 kW per unit. Residential and commercial air conditioning electricity consumption in the United States accounts for 45% of average summer peak-day loads and 13% of total electricity usage. Potential savings from properly sized and matched air conditioners are estimated to be 37.2 +/- 2.2 GW and 10.2 +/- 1.8 TWh per year, and 6.6 +/- 1.1 million metric tones of carbon dioxide per year. The economic savings in terms of avoided power plants and unnecessary air conditioning equipment are estimated to be $61 to $122 billion.", "proceedingsTitle": "ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings", "conferenceName": "ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://aceee.org/files/proceedings/2008/data/papers/1_692.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "Bib", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-01-31T20:45:13Z", "dateModified": "2017-09-06T16:18:14Z" } }, { "key": "PPG2DI65", "version": 242, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 572202, "name": "residential_HVAC_performance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/residential_hvac_performance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/572202/items/PPG2DI65", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/residential_hvac_performance/items/PPG2DI65", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3664045, "username": "lieko", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lieko", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mowris et al.", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "PPG2DI65", "version": 242, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Strategies for Improving HVAC Efficiency with Quality Installation and Service", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Mowris" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ean", "lastName": "Jones" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ann", "lastName": "Jones" } ], "abstractNote": "", "proceedingsTitle": "", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.askmehelpdesk.com/attachments/heating-airconditioning/16104d1233362617-more-energy-efficient-id181_mowris_final.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "Bib", "tags": [], "collections": [ "527WBSNQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-06-23T22:23:11Z", "dateModified": "2017-09-06T16:16:26Z" } }, { "key": "7FGE9TFM", "version": 241, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 572202, "name": "residential_HVAC_performance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/residential_hvac_performance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/572202/items/7FGE9TFM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/residential_hvac_performance/items/7FGE9TFM", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/572202/items/PPG2DI65", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 3664045, "username": "lieko", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lieko", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7FGE9TFM", "version": 241, "parentItem": "PPG2DI65", "itemType": "note", "note": "

from Chuck's landscape study:

\n
    \n
  1. Claims 10-40% less efficient than if they had good QI or service
    2. \n
  2. 9-12% energy and peak demand savings from proper refrigerant charge and airflow\n
      \n
    1. Cites: Itron, Inc. 2004-2005 Database for Energy Efficiency Resources (DEER) Update Study Final Report. 2005. Prepared for Southern California Edison Company. Washington, DC. Available online: http://deeresources.com/files/deer2005/downloads/DEER2005UpdateFinalReport_ItronVersion.pdf
      2. \n
    \n
    3. \n
  3. Cites other studies saying improper RCA can result in 10-20% loss in efficiency\n
      \n
    1. American Refrigeration Institute (ARI). 2004. ARI Statistical Release of Unitary Heating and Cooling Section's Reports of U.S. Manufacturers Shipments. Arlington, Va.: Available online: http://www.ari.org/sr/2003. Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association 2004. http://www.gamanet.org/gama.
      2. \n
    2. Palani, M., O’Neal, D., and Haberl, J. 1992. The Effect of Reduced Evaporator Air Flow on the Performance of a Residential Central Air Conditioner, The Eighth Symposium on Improving Building Systems in Hot and Humid Climates.
      3. \n
    3. Rodriguez, A. 1995. The Effect of Refrigerant Charge, Duct Leakage, and Evaporator Air Flow on the High Temperature Performance of Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, Palo Alto, Calif.: Electric Power Research Institute.
      4. \n
    \n
    4. \n
  4. “Research studies show HVAC dealers lack interest, training, equipment, and methods to perform proper installation and service measures such as RCA and duct testing/sealing measures.”
    5. \n
  5. 50-70% of systems have problems with RCA, duct leakage, oversizing, mismatched coils or poor maintenance.
    6. \n
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