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            "abstractNote": "O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um Critério para Seleção de Curvas de Nível de Ruído para os Planos Básicos de Zoneamento de Ruído - PBZR, que seja compatível com os requisitos previstos na legislação ambiental brasileira. Inicialmente são apresentados os fundamentos teóricos da acústica aplicada ao ruído aeronáutico e a base legal que envolvem as questões relacionadas à poluição sonora no Brasil. Em seguida é apresentado o desenvolvimento do Critério Proposto, que é posteriormente avaliado e validado por meio de sua aplicação em um estudo de caso. Por fim, este trabalho mostra as limitações do atual sistema de seleção de Curvas de Nível de Ruído dos PBZRs, e aponta para de necessidade de sua revisão.",
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            "abstractNote": "We present a Dantzig-Wolfe procedure for the ship scheduling problem with flexible cargo sizes. This problem is similar to the well-known pickup and delivery problem with time windows, but the cargo sizes are defined by intervals instead of by fixed values. The flexible cargo sizes have consequences for the times used in the ports because both the loading and unloading times depend on the cargo sizes. We found it computationally hard to find exact solutions to the subproblems, so our method does not guarantee to find the optimum over all solutions. To be able to say something about how good our solution is, we generate a bound on the difference between the true optimal objective and the objective in our solution. We have compared our method with an a priori column generation approach, and our computational experiments on real world cases show that our Dantzig-Wolfe approach is faster than the a priori generation of columns, and we are able to deal with larger or more loosely constrained instances. By using the techniques introduced in this paper, a more extensive set of real world cases can be solved either to optimality or within a small deviation from optimality. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
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                    "firstName": "C.-I.",
                    "lastName": "Hsu"
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                    "lastName": "Liao"
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            "abstractNote": "This study examines how product characteristics, values, inventory cost, shipping charges, shipping distance, and time affect an international firm's choice of air carrier. An individual choice model is constructed by assuming that the shipper in a specific industry chooses the optimal air cargo carrier with the minimal logistics cost. The study further aggregates air cargo demands on different routes for the carriers by considering the spatial distribution of the origin-destination pattern and any temporal changes in the industrial structure. A case study is used to illustrate the application of the proposed model using data from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport and the industrial economics database in Taiwan. The results show that shippers with high product value and short delivery distance focus on the shipping charge and prefer choosing the air cargo carrier that offers more flights. Further a carrier may achieve a larger market share if its supply attributes match the industrial structure and the product characteristics of the market on the route. Finally, because dynamic changes in the industrial structure and product value have been captured, the results are more accurate than that from the Grey model. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Air Transport Management",
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            "volume": "15",
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            "abstractNote": "While it is certainly too early to make a definitive assessment of the effectiveness of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), it is not to take stock of what has been achieved and to think about what could be achieved in the near future. In our opinion, ITS developments have been up to now largely hardware-driven and have led to the introduction of many sophisticated technologies in the transportation arena, while the development of the software component of ITS, models and decision-support systems in particular, is lagging behind. To reach the full potential of ITS, one must thus address the challenge of making the most intelligent usage possible of the hardware that is being deployed and the huge wealth of data it provides. We believe that transportation planning and management disciplines, operations research in particular, have a key role to play with respect to this challenge. The paper focuses on Freight ITS: Commercial Vehicle Operations and Advanced Fleet Management Systems, City Logistics, and electronic business. The paper reviews main issues, technological challenges, and achievements, and illustrates how the introduction of better operations research-based decision-support software could very significantly improve the ultimate performance of Freight ITS. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
            "publicationTitle": "Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2009",
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            "issue": "6",
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            "abstractNote": "Life cycle analysis is considered to be a valuable tool for decision making towards sustainability. Life cycle energy and environmental impact analysis for conventional transportation fuels and alternatives such as biofuels has become an active domain of research in recent years. The present study attempts to identify the most reliable results to date and possible ranges of life cycle fossil fuel use, petroleum use and greenhouse gas emissions for various road transportation fuels in China through a comprehensive review of recently published life cycle studies and review articles. Fuels reviewed include conventional gasoline, conventional diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, wheat-derived ethanol, corn-derived ethanol, cassava-derived ethanol, sugarcane-derived ethanol, rapeseed-derived biodiesel and soybean-derived biodiesel. Recommendations for future work are also discussed. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
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            "abstractNote": "Um dos problemas que afetam as cidades brasileiras é a falta de uma metodologia adequada para a implantação de equipamentos coletivos públicos (escolas, postos de saúde, entre outros), e da utilização de modo racional desses equipamentos. Esse foi o ponto de partida para esse trabalho, cujo objetivo principal foi desenvolver uma ferramenta de análise espacial para auxiliar o poder público no planejamento e na gestão dos serviços públicos de educação e saúde, no que concerne basicamente à melhor localização das unidades básicas de atendimento e à melhor distribuição dos usuários por essas unidades, buscando reduzir os custos de transporte. Após uma avaliação da atual política de distribuição e utilização dos equipamentos coletivos de educação e saúde no Brasil e no mundo, foi realizada uma análise dos conceitos relativos às ferramentas de apoio a problemas de decisão de caráter espacial, particularmente os Sistemas de Apoio à Decisão Espacial (SADE). De posse dessa base conceitual, buscou-se formular as bases de um sistema (ou uma metodologia) que apoiasse a implantação de novos equipamentos coletivos e uma utilização eficiente dos equipamentos já existentes, tendo como parâmetro principal de comparação o custo de deslocamento dos usuários. Esse sistema deveria ser adequado à realidade das cidades médias brasileiras, de maneira geral hoje inseridas num cenário de falta de planejamento e de ausência de bases de dados estruturadas (e atualizadas). Ainda, como proposta adicional, procurou-se incorporar como ferramentas de apoio ao sistema algumas técnicas emergentes que, embora relativamente pouco utilizadas no planejamento urbano até o presente momento, apresentam grande potencial para tal. São elas: os Autômatos Celulares (ou CA, Cellular Automata) e as Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA). Os fundamentos do sistema concebido foram transpostos para uma aplicação prática desenvolvida em um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) através de um estudo de caso conduzido na cidade de São Carlos (SP), cujos resultados demonstraram que quando se pensa em otimizar os custos de deslocamento, a principal ação a ser empreendida é a redistribuição da demanda às unidades de oferta, antes de se pensar na abertura de novas unidades. Mais importante do que os resultados numéricos obtidos, foi a confirmação de que é possível se utilizar as diversas ferramentas de planejamento e gestão de modo integrado. A partir dessa metodologia, um investimento em desenvolvimento de software pode levar à construção de um efetivo Sistema de Apoio à Decisão Espacial. De maneira mais geral, pode-se afirmar que a obtenção de dados é o grande obstáculo para pesquisas dessa natureza. A montagem de uma base de dados sólida e confiável é, sem dúvida, o ponto crucial para a execução de projetos potencialmente bem sucedidos",
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                    "tag": "Urban and transportation planning"
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            "creatorSummary": "Pootakham and Kumar",
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            "title": "A comparison of pipeline versus truck transport of bio-oil",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "T.",
                    "lastName": "Pootakham"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "A.",
                    "lastName": "Kumar"
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            "abstractNote": "Biomass-based energy and fuels are receiving attention because they are considered carbon neutral; i.e. the amount of CO2 released during combustion of this biomass is nearly the same as that taken up by the plants during their growth. Bio-oil is a dark viscous liquid consisting of hydrocarbons. These are produced by fast pyrolysis of biomass. \"As-is\" biomass material has a low energy density (MJ m-3), hence, the cost of transporting this energy is high. Bio-oil has a high energy density as compared to \"as-is\" biomass material, consequently it helps in reducing the cost of energy transport. This study compares the life cycle assessment of transportation of bio-oil by pipeline with that by truck. The scope of the work includes the transportation of bio-oil by truck or pipeline from a centralized plant (supplied with forest biomass) to an end-user. Two cases are studied for pipeline transport of bio-oil: the first case considers a coal-based electricity supply for pumping the bio-oil through a pipeline; the second case considers an electricity supply from a renewable resource. The two cases of pipeline transport are compared to two cases of truck transport (truck trailer and super B-train truck). The life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the pipeline transport of bio-oil for the two cases of electricity supply are 345 and 17 g of CO2 m-3 km-1, respectively. Similar values for transport by trailer (capacity - 30 m3) and super B-train truck (capacity - 60 m3) are 89 and 60 g of CO2 m-3 km-1, respectively. Energy input for bio-oil transport is 3.95 MJ m-3 km-1 by pipeline, 2.59 MJ m-3 km-1 by truck and 1.66 MJ m-3 km-1 by super B-train truck. The results show that GHG emissions in pipeline transport are largely dependent on the source of electricity (higher for coal-based electricity). Substituting 250 m3 day-1 of pipeline-transported bio-oil for coal-based electricity can mitigate about 5.1 million tonnes of CO2 per year. Overall, this study gives a comprehensive life cycle assessment of bio-oil transport comparing pipeline and truck transport. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
            "publicationTitle": "Bioresource Technology",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2010",
            "volume": "101",
            "issue": "1",
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            "pages": "414-421",
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                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Energy input-output ratio",
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                    "firstName": "P.",
                    "lastName": "Bossyns"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "R.",
                    "lastName": "Abache"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M.S.",
                    "lastName": "Abdoulaye"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "W.",
                    "lastName": "Van Lerberghe"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVES: An important investment was made in two health districts in Niger to organize an emergency referral system. This study estimates its impact and cost-effectiveness in relation with external determinants. METHODS: After installing a solar radio network in the health centres, emergency calls and related data were monitored over 7 years and investment and recurrent costs for the system were estimated. RESULTS: The number of emergency calls increased significantly in both districts. In 2003, the total yearly cost for the district amounted to US$ 14 147, the cost per useful and successful call was US$ 49 and the cost per inhabitant and per year was about US$ 0.06. CONCLUSION: The impressive and immediate impact on the health system, the relatively low recurrent cost and the minimal management requirements for the health service make the investment very worthwhile. Organizing emergency evacuation systems should be a priority for any health district in the world. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",
            "publicationTitle": "Tropical Medicine and International Health",
            "publisher": "",
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            "date": "2005",
            "volume": "10",
            "issue": "9",
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            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "879-887",
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            "shortTitle": "Unaffordable or cost-effective?",
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            "tags": [
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                {
                    "tag": "Communication",
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                    "tag": "Referral system",
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            ],
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            "dateAdded": "2009-10-05T19:07:03Z",
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            "creatorSummary": "Spencer",
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Airport stops and flights on small airplanes as inhibitors of tourism-related air travel: A case study",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "D.M.",
                    "lastName": "Spencer"
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            "abstractNote": "This article discusses the extent to which prospective tourists' concerns about airport stops and flights on small airplanes inhibit air travel to tourist destinations, drawing on data from telephone surveys conducted in the Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas area. Respondents were queried about the extent to which one airport stop, two airport stops, and one airport stop followed by a flight on a small, propeller-powered airplane, respectively, would deter them from flying to a destination 1096 miles (1764 km) away. Findings suggest that marketers of similar destinations in similarly distant markets that are accessible by air only after two airport stops risk having their promotional appeals ignored by roughly half those who would prefer to reach such destinations by air. Moreover, those most concerned about such flight schedules were more likely than other respondents to have high incomes and to use the Internet to obtain vacation or travel information. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
            "publicationTitle": "Tourism Management",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2009",
            "volume": "30",
            "issue": "6",
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                    "lastName": "Rouil"
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            "abstractNote": "The purpose of this paper is to describe the benefits of sugar cane ethanol in Brazil, appointing the productivity of this type of fuel based on hectares of plantation, its carbon dioxide cycle and the contribution to reduce the greenhouse effect. In the following step the uses of ethanol for hydrogen production by steam reforming is analyzed and some comparison with natural gas steam reforming is performed. The sugar cane industry in Brazil, in a near future, in the hydrogen era, could be modified according to our purpose, since besides the production of sugar, and ethylic and anhydric alcohol, Brazilian sugar cane industry will also be able to produce biohydrogen. Fuel cells appear like a promising technology for energy generation. Among several technologies in the present, the PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) is the most appropriate for vehicles application, because it combines durability, high power density, high efficiency, good response and it works at relatively low temperatures. Besides that it is easy to turn it on and off and it is able to support present vibration in vehicles. A PEMFC's problem is the need of noble catalysts like platinum. Another problem is that CO needs to be in low concentration, requiring a more clean hydrogen to avoid fuel cell deterioration. One part of this paper was developed in Stockholm, where there are some buses within the CUTE (clean urban transport for Europe) project that has been in operation with FC since January 2004. Another part was developed in Guaratinguetá, Brazil. Brazil intends to start up a program of FC buses. As conclusion, this paper shows the economical analysis comparing buses moved by fuel cells using hydrogen by different kinds of production. Electrolyze with wind turbine, natural gas steam reforming and ethanol steam reforming. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
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            "date": "2010",
            "volume": "200",
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