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"2011-10-12T10:00:20Z" } }, { "key": "UINXATWW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55695, "name": "ernährung heute 4_2011", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/UINXATWW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011/items/UINXATWW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726811, "username": "computer nina", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer_nina", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zittermann et al.", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "UINXATWW", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Vitamin D supplementation enhances the beneficial effects of weight loss on cardiovascular disease risk markers", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Armin", "lastName": "Zittermann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sabine", "lastName": "Frisch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Heiner K", "lastName": "Berthold" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christian", "lastName": "Götting" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joachim", "lastName": "Kuhn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Knut", "lastName": "Kleesiek" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Stehle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Heinrich", "lastName": "Koertke" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Reiner", "lastName": "Koerfer" } ], "abstractNote": "Background: High blood concentrations of parathyroid hormone and low concentrations of the vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and calcitriol are considered new cardiovascular disease risk markers. However, there is also evidence that calcitriol increases lipogenesis and decreases lipolysis.Objective: We investigated the effect of vitamin D on weight loss and traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular disease risk markers in overweight subjects.Design: Healthy overweight subjects (n = 200) with mean 25(OH)D concentrations of 30 nmol/L (12 ng/mL) received vitamin D (83 μg/d) or placebo in a double-blind manner for 12 mo while participating in a weight-reduction program.Results: Weight loss was not affected significantly by vitamin D supplementation (−5.7 ± 5.8 kg) or placebo (−6.4 ± 5.6 kg). However, mean 25(OH)D and calcitriol concentrations increased by 55.5 nmol/L and 40.0 pmol/L, respectively, in the vitamin D group but by only 11.8 nmol/L and 9.3 pmol/L, respectively, in the placebo group (P < 0.001), whereas a more pronounced decrease occurred in the vitamin D group than in the placebo group in blood concentrations of parathyroid hormone (−26.5% compared with −18.7%; P = 0.014), triglycerides (−13.5% compared with +3.0%; P < 0.001), and the inflammation marker tumor necrosis factor-α (−10.2% compared with −3.2%; P = 0.049). The beneficial biochemical effects were independent of the loss in body weight, fat mass, and sex. However, compared with placebo, vitamin D supplementation also increased LDL-cholesterol concentrations (+5.4% compared with −2.5%; P < 0.001).Conclusions: The results indicate that a vitamin D supplement of 83 μg/d does not adversely affect weight loss and is able to significantly improve several cardiovascular disease risk markers in overweight subjects with inadequate vitamin D status participating in a weight-reduction program. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00493012.", "publicationTitle": "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mai 01 , 2009", "volume": "89", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1321 -1327", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3945/ajcn.2008.27004", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ajcn.org/content/89/5/1321.abstract", "accessDate": "2011-10-12T09:59:46Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Highwire 2.0", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-12T09:59:46Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-12T09:59:46Z" } }, { "key": "4WTMSQAH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55695, "name": "ernährung heute 4_2011", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/4WTMSQAH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011/items/4WTMSQAH", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/22W7ACPR", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726811, "username": "computer nina", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer_nina", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4WTMSQAH", "version": 1, "parentItem": "22W7ACPR", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2011-10-12T09:59:06Z", "url": "http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/124/3/e371.full.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Reis et al. - 2009 - Vitamin D Status and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors .pdf", "md5": "3909273ef0703a1c86a80437f738c235", "mtime": 1318413551090, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-12T09:59:06Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-12T09:59:37Z" } }, { "key": "Q8HSCET5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55695, "name": "ernährung heute 4_2011", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/Q8HSCET5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011/items/Q8HSCET5", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/22W7ACPR", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726811, "username": "computer nina", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer_nina", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "Q8HSCET5", "version": 1, "parentItem": "22W7ACPR", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2011-10-12T09:59:05Z", "url": "http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/124/3/e371.full.pdf+html?frame=sidebar", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "e371.full.html", "md5": null, "mtime": 1318413545575, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-12T09:59:05Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-12T09:59:37Z" } }, { "key": "22W7ACPR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55695, "name": "ernährung heute 4_2011", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/22W7ACPR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011/items/22W7ACPR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726811, "username": "computer nina", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer_nina", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Reis et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-09", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "22W7ACPR", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Vitamin D Status and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the United States Adolescent Population", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jared P.", "lastName": "Reis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Denise", "lastName": "von Mühlen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Edgar R.", "lastName": "Miller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erin D.", "lastName": "Michos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lawrence J.", "lastName": "Appel" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE: Evidence on the association of vitamin D with cardiovascular risk factors in youth is very limited. We examined whether low serum vitamin D levels (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]) are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in US adolescents aged 12 to 19 years.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 3577 fasting, nonpregnant adolescents without diagnosed diabetes who participated in the 2001–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cardiovascular risk factors were measured using standard methods and defined according to age-modified Adult Treatment Panel III definitions.RESULTS: Mean 25(OH)D was 24.8 ng/mL; it was lowest in black (15.5 ng/mL), intermediate in Mexican American (21.5 ng/mL), and highest in white (28.0 ng/mL) adolescents (P < .001 for each pairwise comparison). Low 25(OH)D levels were strongly associated with overweight status and abdominal obesity (P for trend < .001 for both). After adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, BMI, socioeconomic status, and physical activity, 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with systolic blood pressure (P = .02) and plasma glucose concentrations (P = .01). The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for those in the lowest (<15 ng/mL) compared with the highest quartile (>26 ng/mL) of 25(OH)D for hypertension was 2.36 (1.33–4.19); for fasting hyperglycemia it was 2.54 (1.01–6.40); for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol it was 1.54 (0.99–2.39); for hypertriglyceridemia it was 1.00 (0.49–2.04); and for metabolic syndrome it was 3.88 (1.57–9.58).CONCLUSIONS: Low serum vitamin D in US adolescents is strongly associated with hypertension, hyperglycemia, and metabolic syndrome, independent of adiposity.", "publicationTitle": "Pediatrics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 2009", "volume": "124", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e371 -e379", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1542/peds.2009-0213", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/124/3/e371.abstract", "accessDate": "2011-10-12T09:59:03Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Highwire 2.0", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-12T09:59:03Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-12T09:59:03Z" } }, { "key": "9737QNC6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55695, "name": "ernährung heute 4_2011", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/9737QNC6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011/items/9737QNC6", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/SBQZI8GW", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726811, "username": "computer nina", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer_nina", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9737QNC6", "version": 1, "parentItem": "SBQZI8GW", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2011-10-12T09:58:19Z", "url": "http://jn.nutrition.org/content/135/11/2728S.full.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Cooper et al. - 2005 - Developmental Origins of Osteoporotic Fracture th.pdf", "md5": "e9be0026073e709beede753b908fa7f5", "mtime": 1318413503107, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-12T09:58:19Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-12T09:58:57Z" } }, { "key": "ZXCZPKGG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55695, "name": "ernährung heute 4_2011", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/ZXCZPKGG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011/items/ZXCZPKGG", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/SBQZI8GW", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726811, "username": "computer nina", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer_nina", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "ZXCZPKGG", "version": 1, "parentItem": "SBQZI8GW", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2011-10-12T09:58:09Z", "url": "http://jn.nutrition.org/content/135/11/2728S.full.pdf+html?frame=sidebar", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "2728S.full.html", "md5": null, "mtime": 1318413489466, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-12T09:58:09Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-12T09:58:57Z" } }, { "key": "SBQZI8GW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55695, "name": "ernährung heute 4_2011", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/SBQZI8GW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011/items/SBQZI8GW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726811, "username": "computer nina", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer_nina", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cooper et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-11-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "SBQZI8GW", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Developmental Origins of Osteoporotic Fracture: the Role of Maternal Vitamin D Insufficiency", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cyrus", "lastName": "Cooper" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kassim", "lastName": "Javaid" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sarah", "lastName": "Westlake" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicholas", "lastName": "Harvey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elaine", "lastName": "Dennison" } ], "abstractNote": "Osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality through its association with age-related fractures. Although most efforts in fracture prevention have been directed at retarding the rate of age-related bone loss and reducing the frequency and the severity of trauma among elderly people, evidence is growing that peak bone mass is an important contributor to bone strength during later life. The normal patterns of skeletal growth have been well characterized in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. It has been confirmed that boys have higher bone-mineral content, but not volumetric bone density, than girls. Furthermore, there is a disassociation between the peak velocities for height gain and bone mineral accrual in both genders. Puberty is the period during which volumetric density appears to increase in both axial and appendicular sites. Many factors influence the accumulation of bone mineral during childhood and adolescence, including heredity, gender, diet, physical activity, endocrine status, and sporadic risk factors (e.g., cigarette smoking). In addition to these modifiable factors during childhood, evidence has also accrued that fracture risk might be programmed during intrauterine life. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a relationship between birthweight, weight in infancy, and adult bone mass. This appears to be mediated through modulation of the set-point for basal activity of endocrine systems such as the GH/IGF-1 and parathyroid hormone/vitamin D axes. Maternal vitamin D insufficiency is associated with reduced bone mineral acquisition during intrauterine and early postnatal life. Furthermore, both low birth size and poor childhood growth are directly linked to the later risk of hip fracture. The optimization of maternal nutrition and intrauterine growth should also be included within preventive strategies against osteoporotic fracture, albeit for future generations.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Nutrition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 01 , 2005", "volume": "135", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2728S -2734S", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://jn.nutrition.org/content/135/11/2728S.abstract", "accessDate": "2011-10-12T09:58:07Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Developmental Origins of Osteoporotic Fracture", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Highwire 2.0", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-12T09:58:07Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-12T09:58:07Z" } }, { "key": "E73Q69VE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55695, "name": "ernährung heute 4_2011", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/E73Q69VE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011/items/E73Q69VE", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/TS2IJRU6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726811, "username": "computer nina", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer_nina", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "E73Q69VE", "version": 1, "parentItem": "TS2IJRU6", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2011-10-12T09:55:14Z", "url": "http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/117/4/503.full.pdf+html?frame=sidebar", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "503.full.html", "md5": null, "mtime": 1318413314140, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-12T09:55:14Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-12T09:55:56Z" } }, { "key": "3NTFGCZP", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55695, "name": "ernährung heute 4_2011", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/3NTFGCZP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011/items/3NTFGCZP", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/TS2IJRU6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726811, "username": "computer nina", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer_nina", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3NTFGCZP", "version": 1, "parentItem": "TS2IJRU6", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2011-10-12T09:55:13Z", "url": "http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/117/4/503.full.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Wang et al. - 2008 - Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Cardiovascular Di.pdf", "md5": "02e42243138cce19260bd4606e1cd109", "mtime": 1318413317718, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-12T09:55:13Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-12T09:55:56Z" } }, { "key": "TS2IJRU6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55695, "name": "ernährung heute 4_2011", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/TS2IJRU6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011/items/TS2IJRU6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726811, "username": "computer nina", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer_nina", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wang et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-01-29", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "TS2IJRU6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas J.", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael J.", "lastName": "Pencina" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sarah L.", "lastName": "Booth" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul F.", "lastName": "Jacques" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erik", "lastName": "Ingelsson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katherine", "lastName": "Lanier" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Emelia J.", "lastName": "Benjamin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ralph B.", "lastName": "D’Agostino" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Myles", "lastName": "Wolf" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ramachandran S.", "lastName": "Vasan" } ], "abstractNote": "Background— Vitamin D receptors have a broad tissue distribution that includes vascular smooth muscle, endothelium, and cardiomyocytes. A growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency may adversely affect the cardiovascular system, but data from longitudinal studies are lacking.Methods and Results— We studied 1739 Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age 59 years; 55% women; all white) without prior cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D status was assessed by measuring 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) levels. Prespecified thresholds were used to characterize varying degrees of 25-OH D deficiency (<15 ng/mL, <10 ng/mL). Multivariable Cox regression models were adjusted for conventional risk factors. Overall, 28% of individuals had levels <15 ng/mL, and 9% had levels <10 ng/mL. During a mean follow-up of 5.4 years, 120 individuals developed a first cardiovascular event. Individuals with 25-OH D <15 ng/mL had a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of 1.62 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 2.36, P=0.01) for incident cardiovascular events compared with those with 25-OH D ≥15 ng/mL. This effect was evident in participants with hypertension (hazard ratio 2.13, 95% confidence interval 1.30 to 3.48) but not in those without hypertension (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.55 to 1.96). There was a graded increase in cardiovascular risk across categories of 25-OH D, with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of 1.53 (95% confidence interval 1.00 to 2.36) for levels 10 to <15 ng/mL and 1.80 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 3.08) for levels <10 ng/mL (P for linear trend=0.01). Further adjustment for C-reactive protein, physical activity, or vitamin use did not affect the findings.Conclusions— Vitamin D deficiency is associated with incident cardiovascular disease. Further clinical and experimental studies may be warranted to determine whether correction of vitamin D deficiency could contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease.", "publicationTitle": "Circulation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Januar 29 , 2008", "volume": "117", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "503 -511", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706127", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/117/4/503.abstract", "accessDate": "2011-10-12T09:55:10Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Highwire 2.0", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-12T09:55:10Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-12T09:55:10Z" } }, { "key": "T6KXX7XG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55695, "name": "ernährung heute 4_2011", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/T6KXX7XG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011/items/T6KXX7XG", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/NMNHWAU8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726811, "username": "computer nina", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer_nina", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T6KXX7XG", "version": 1, "parentItem": "NMNHWAU8", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2011-10-12T09:54:20Z", "url": "http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/59/1/242.full.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Cheng et al. - 2010 - Adiposity, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Vitamin D Sta.pdf", "md5": "c784c13059bc8ca811925937cef66df0", "mtime": 1318413263032, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-12T09:54:20Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-12T09:55:00Z" } }, { "key": "RT2S88TV", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55695, "name": "ernährung heute 4_2011", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/RT2S88TV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011/items/RT2S88TV", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/NMNHWAU8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726811, "username": "computer nina", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer_nina", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "RT2S88TV", "version": 1, "parentItem": "NMNHWAU8", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2011-10-12T09:54:21Z", "url": "http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/59/1/242.full.pdf+html?frame=sidebar", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "242.full.html", "md5": null, "mtime": 1318413261860, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-12T09:54:21Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-12T09:55:00Z" } }, { "key": "NMNHWAU8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55695, "name": "ernährung heute 4_2011", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/NMNHWAU8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011/items/NMNHWAU8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726811, "username": "computer nina", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer_nina", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cheng et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-01-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "NMNHWAU8", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Adiposity, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Vitamin D Status: The Framingham Heart Study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Susan", "lastName": "Cheng" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joseph M.", "lastName": "Massaro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Caroline S.", "lastName": "Fox" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martin G.", "lastName": "Larson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michelle J.", "lastName": "Keyes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elizabeth L.", "lastName": "McCabe" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sander J.", "lastName": "Robins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher J.", "lastName": "O'Donnell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Udo", "lastName": "Hoffmann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul F.", "lastName": "Jacques" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sarah L.", "lastName": "Booth" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ramachandran S.", "lastName": "Vasan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Myles", "lastName": "Wolf" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas J.", "lastName": "Wang" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE Because vitamin D deficiency is associated with a variety of chronic diseases, understanding the characteristics that promote vitamin D deficiency in otherwise healthy adults could have important clinical implications. Few studies relating vitamin D deficiency to obesity have included direct measures of adiposity. Furthermore, the degree to which vitamin D is associated with metabolic traits after adjusting for adiposity measures is unclear.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated the relations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations with indexes of cardiometabolic risk in 3,890 nondiabetic individuals; 1,882 had subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volumes measured by multidetector computed tomography (CT).RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted regression models, 25(OH)D was inversely associated with winter season, waist circumference, and serum insulin (P < 0.005 for all). In models further adjusted for CT measures, 25(OH)D was inversely related to SAT (−1.1 ng/ml per SD increment in SAT, P = 0.016) and VAT (−2.3 ng/ml per SD, P < 0.0001). The association of 25(OH)D with insulin resistance measures became nonsignificant after adjustment for VAT. Higher adiposity volumes were correlated with lower 25(OH)D across different categories of BMI, including in lean individuals (BMI <25 kg/m2). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25[OH]D <20 ng/ml) was threefold higher in those with high SAT and high VAT than in those with low SAT and low VAT (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D status is strongly associated with variation in subcutaneous and especially visceral adiposity. The mechanisms by which adiposity promotes vitamin D deficiency warrant further study.", "publicationTitle": "Diabetes", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Januar 01 , 2010", "volume": "59", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "242 -248", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2337/db09-1011", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/59/1/242.abstract", "accessDate": "2011-10-12T09:54:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Adiposity, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Vitamin D Status", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Highwire 2.0", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-12T09:54:19Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-12T09:54:19Z" } }, { "key": "5V2D88H7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55695, "name": "ernährung heute 4_2011", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55695/items/5V2D88H7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ernhrung_heute_4_2011/items/5V2D88H7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726811, "username": "computer nina", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/computer_nina", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kremer", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5V2D88H7", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Vitamin D Status and Its Relationship to body Fat, Final height, and Peak Bone Mass in Young Women", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Kremer" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2009", "volume": "", "issue": "94", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "67-73", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://jcem.endojournals.org/content/94/1/67.full.pdf+html", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-10-03T09:24:15Z", "dateModified": "2011-10-12T09:53:32Z" } } ]