[ { "key": "FCFHQF8H", "version": 2237, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/FCFHQF8H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/FCFHQF8H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Electric Power Research Institute", "parsedDate": "2009-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FCFHQF8H", "version": 2237, "itemType": "report", "title": "Assessment of Achievable Potential from Energy Efficiency and Demand Response Programs in the U.S. (2010 - 2030)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Electric Power Research Institute" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "1016987", "reportType": "Technical Report", "institution": "Electric Power Research Institute", "place": "Palo Alto, CA", "date": "2009 January", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "electric_power_research_institute_assessment_2009", "url": "http://www.epri.com/abstracts/pages/productabstract.aspx?ProductID=000000000001016987", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-06T14:38:59Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "EU5DTAMB", "version": 2237, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/EU5DTAMB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/EU5DTAMB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Parry et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-06", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "EU5DTAMB", "version": 2237, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Automobile Externalities and Policies", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ian W. H", "lastName": "Parry" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Margaret", "lastName": "Walls" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Winston", "lastName": "Harrington" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Economic Literature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007 June", "volume": "45", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "373-399", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1257/jel.45.2.373", "citationKey": "parry_automobile_2007", "url": "http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?f=s&doi=10.1257/jel.45.2.373", "accessDate": "2013-01-08T21:54:26Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-0515", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00276", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-08T21:54:26Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "F7QS3ZV4", "version": 2237, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/F7QS3ZV4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/F7QS3ZV4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1207557, "username": "ichunh", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ichunh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fischer", "parsedDate": "2005-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "F7QS3ZV4", "version": 2237, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "On the importance of the supply side in demand-side management", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carolyn", "lastName": "Fischer" } ], "abstractNote": "We discuss how the structure of market supply affects the evaluation of policies to promote energy efficiency in household appliances. If competitive markets offer the levels that consumers demand, product standards inefficiently restrict choice. If suppliers price discriminate, minimum standards can restrict the inefficient use of energy intensity to segment consumers. We also compare the effects of average intensity standards, energy prices and innovation, and consider what the different behavioral predictions imply for empirical studies of energy efficiency. Good policymaking requires knowing not only how consumers value energy efficiency in their decision-making, but also how producers respond to those values.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Economics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005 January", "volume": "27", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "165-180", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2004.11.001", "citationKey": "fischer_importance_2005", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988304000969", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00020", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-12-25T20:49:05Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "ETBQWTMN", "version": 2237, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/ETBQWTMN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/ETBQWTMN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bhattacharya and Cropper", "parsedDate": "2010-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ETBQWTMN", "version": 2237, "itemType": "report", "title": "Options for Energy Efficiency in India and Barriers to Their Adoption: A Scoping Study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Soma", "lastName": "Bhattacharya" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maureen L.", "lastName": "Cropper" } ], "abstractNote": "We review the economics literature on energy efficiency in India, as a guide for further research in the area. The empirical literature has focused on four questions: How does energy efficiency in India compare with energy efficiency in other countries? What would be the energy savings (and cost savings) from adopting certain energy-efficient technologies? Why are these technologies being—or not being— adopted? What policies should be implemented to encourage their adoption? Most of the literature focuses on answers to the first two questions. Studies are needed that quantify factors affecting the rate of diffusion of energy-efficient technologies and rigorously evaluate reforms implemented by the Government of India, beginning in the 1990s, that could affect energy efficiency.", "reportNumber": "10-20", "reportType": "Discussion Paper", "institution": "Resources for the Future", "place": "Washington, D.C.", "date": "2010 April", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "bhattacharya_options_2010", "url": "http://www.rff.org/Publications/Pages/PublicationDetails.aspx?PublicationID=21083", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00013", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-11-27T15:39:20Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "ETZXXTKA", "version": 2237, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/ETZXXTKA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/ETZXXTKA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hassett and Metcalf", "parsedDate": "1995-06", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "ETZXXTKA", "version": 2237, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Energy tax credits and residential conservation investment: Evidence from panel data", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kevin A.", "lastName": "Hassett" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gilbert E.", "lastName": "Metcalf" } ], "abstractNote": "Using panel data on individual tax returns and variation in state tax policy, we measure the impact of government tax policies to encourage residential conservation investment on the probability of making these investments. Unlike previous work, we account for unobserved heterogeneity in tastes for energy-saving activities and its possible correlation with tax policy at the state level. We find that controlling for unobserved heterogeneity is very important. Based on our preferred point estimate of the tax price coefficient, a 10 percentage point change in the tax price for energy investment would lead to a 24 percent increase in the probability of making an investment.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Public Economics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1995 June", "volume": "57", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "201-217", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/0047-2727(94)01452-T", "citationKey": "hassett_energy_1995-1", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/004727279401452T", "accessDate": "2011-11-21T22:10:02Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0047-2727", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Energy tax credits and residential conservation investment", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00172", "tags": [ { "tag": "Energy taxation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Investment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Subsidies", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-11-21T22:10:43Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "EQZR69GE", "version": 2237, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/EQZR69GE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/EQZR69GE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kerr and Newell", "parsedDate": "2003-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EQZR69GE", "version": 2237, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Policy-induced technology adoption: Evidence from the U.S. lead phasedown", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Suzi", "lastName": "Kerr" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard G.", "lastName": "Newell" } ], "abstractNote": "Theory suggests that economic instruments, such as pollution taxes or tradable permits, can provide more efficient technology adoption incentives than conventional regulatory standards. We explore this issue for an important industry undergoing dramatic decreases in allowed pollution – the U.S. petroleum industry's phasedown of lead in gasoline. Using a duration model applied to a panel of refineries from 1971–1995, we find that the pattern of technology adoption is consistent with an economic response to market incentives, plant characteristics, and alternative policies. Importantly, evidence suggests that the tradable permit system used during the phasedown provided incentives for more efficient technology adoption decisions.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Industrial Economics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003 September", "volume": "51", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "317–343", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/1467-6451.00203", "citationKey": "kerr_policy-induced_2003", "url": "http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1467-6451.00203", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-1821", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00236", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-27T18:09:32Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "FKH3TC4S", "version": 2237, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/FKH3TC4S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/FKH3TC4S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Johnstone and Labonne", "parsedDate": "2009-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FKH3TC4S", "version": 2237, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Why do manufacturing facilities introduce environmental management systems? Improving and/or signaling performance", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nick", "lastName": "Johnstone" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julien", "lastName": "Labonne" } ], "abstractNote": "In this paper we explore the motivation for the introduction of environmental management systems, and their certification. A distinction is drawn between their role in bringing about better compliance or improved performance, and as external indicators of good environmental practices to both other market participants and regulatory authorities. Drawing upon a database of approximately 4000 facilities in seven OECD countries, empirical evidence is found for the role that both factors play in encouraging the adoption and certification of EMS's, but that the relative importance of different factors varies according to facility size.", "publicationTitle": "Ecological Economics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2009 January", "volume": "68", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "719-730", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.06.003", "citationKey": "johnstone_why_2009", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00070", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-27T18:09:32Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "H4KR2IEM", "version": 2236, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/H4KR2IEM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/H4KR2IEM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "WBCSD", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "H4KR2IEM", "version": 2236, "itemType": "report", "title": "Transforming the Market: Energy Efficiency in Buildings", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "WBCSD" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "World Business Council for Sustainable Development", "place": "Geneva, Switzerland", "date": "2009", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "wbcsd_transforming_2009", "url": "http://www.wbcsd.org/transformingthemarketeeb.aspx", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-12-06T17:23:57Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "FUSXSWSZ", "version": 2236, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/FUSXSWSZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/FUSXSWSZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FUSXSWSZ", "version": 2236, "itemType": "report", "title": "National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency", "place": "Washington, D.C.", "date": "2010", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "u.s._environmental_protection_agency_national_2010", "url": "http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/suca/resources.html", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-06T14:34:39Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "FWCIJTQP", "version": 2236, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/FWCIJTQP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/FWCIJTQP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 748108, "username": "bgalcik", "name": "Bryan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bgalcik", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Energy Center of Wisconsin", "parsedDate": "2009-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FWCIJTQP", "version": 2236, "itemType": "report", "title": "Energy Efficiency and Demand Response Potential for Iowa Municipal Utilities for the Years 2012 and 2018", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Energy Center of Wisconsin" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "245-1", "reportType": "", "institution": "Energy Center of Wisconsin", "place": "Madison, Wisconsin", "date": "2009 June", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "energy_center_of_wisconsin_energy_2009", "url": "http://www.ecw.org/resource_detail.php?resultid=378", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-06T14:33:57Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "HC5QZ2EQ", "version": 2236, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/HC5QZ2EQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/HC5QZ2EQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nadel and Langer", "parsedDate": "2012-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "HC5QZ2EQ", "version": 2236, "itemType": "report", "title": "Comments on “Is There an Energy Efficiency Gap?”", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steven", "lastName": "Nadel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Therese", "lastName": "Langer" } ], "abstractNote": "“Is There an Energy Efficiency Gap?” is the title of a recent article by Hunt Allcott and Michael Greenstone (2012) published in the Journal of Economic Perspectives. In this article, Allcott and Greenstone examine energy efficiency and specifically “whether there are investment inefficiencies that a policy would correct.” They conclude that “the available evidence from empirical analyses of weatherization, demand-side management programs, automobile and appliance markets, the “landlord–tenant” agency problem, and information elicitation suggests that while investment inefficiencies do appear in various settings, the actual magnitude of the Energy Efficiency Gap is small relative to the assessments from engineering analyses.” \n\nIn this paper, we review their evidence in each of these six areas and find that while the authors have some useful points to make, in general they selectively mine available data to make their points, ignoring other important findings in the various articles they cite. For example, in much of the research they cite, they emphasize results using the highest discount rates in an paper and do not even mention lower discount rate scenarios in the same paper. When the data are examined more broadly, many of their arguments do not stand up to scrutiny. \n\nAllcott and Greenstone end with a policy discussion raising objections to the use of incentives and standards to address externalities in otherwise perfectly functioning markets, but perfect markets are not the environment in which energy efficiency policies are proposed and externalities are only one of the rationales for policy intervention. Alternative cases in the articles they cite and other analyses show that standards can be very cost-effective.", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "White Paper", "institution": "American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy", "place": "Washington, D.C.", "date": "2012 July", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "nadel_comments_2012", "url": "http://aceee.org/white-paper/comments-on-efficiency-gap", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00003", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-07-09T18:40:25Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "GF263JMG", "version": 2236, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/GF263JMG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/GF263JMG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Enkvist et al.", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GF263JMG", "version": 2236, "itemType": "report", "title": "Impact of the Financial Crisis on Carbon Economics: Version 2.1 of the Globral Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Curve", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Per-Anders", "lastName": "Enkvist" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jens", "lastName": "Dinkel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charles", "lastName": "Lin" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "McKinsey & Company", "place": "", "date": "2010", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "12", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "enkvist_impact_2010", "url": "http://solutions.mckinsey.com/climatedesk/default/en-us/Files/wp211154643/ImpactOfTheFinancialCrisisOnCarbonEconomics_GHGcostcurveV2.1.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-22T20:09:40Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "GS3SIRNT", "version": 2236, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/GS3SIRNT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/GS3SIRNT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jenne and Cattell", "parsedDate": "1983-04", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "GS3SIRNT", "version": 2236, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Structural change and energy efficiency in industry", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.A.", "lastName": "Jenne" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.K.", "lastName": "Cattell" } ], "abstractNote": "The change in the ratio of energy consumed to industrial production is examined over the years 1968–1980. Changes in the composition of industry are analysed, creating a better picture of movements in physical efficiency of energy use. The medium-term trends show the significance of the 1973 oil crisis, the effects being contrary to those of intuition. The implications of the two recessions for efficiency and industrial structure are described in detail. The role of demand, often relegated to an incidental consideration, is brought to the fore. In the years following 1973 it appears more important than ex post substitution in production, and with this comes a particular implication for the use of aggregate production functions.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Economics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1983 April", "volume": "5", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "114-123", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/0140-9883(83)90018-X", "citationKey": "jenne_structural_1983", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/014098838390018X", "accessDate": "2011-11-27T16:35:02Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0140-9883", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00109", "tags": [ { "tag": "Energy efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Industry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "UK", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-11-27T16:35:02Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "GIBZG39Q", "version": 2236, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/GIBZG39Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/GIBZG39Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hassett and Metcalf", "parsedDate": "1993-06", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "GIBZG39Q", "version": 2236, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Energy conservation investment: Do consumers discount the future correctly?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kevin A.", "lastName": "Hassett" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gilbert E.", "lastName": "Metcalf" } ], "abstractNote": "We argue that the apparently high discount rates attributed to investors making energy conservation investments are not irrational or the result of some market failure. Rather they may result from an investor recognizing that many conservation investments entail substantial sunk costs. In the presence of these costs and uncertainty over future conservation savings, consumers should use a higher hurdle rate for investment than if there were no uncertainty. Simulations suggest that the hurdle rate should be about four times greater than the standard rate. An implication of our model is that tax subsidies for the purchase of conservation capital are likely to be ineffective. We discuss alternative policy approaches which are more likely to increase energy-efficient investment, namely mandatory efficiency standards and energy taxes.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1993 June", "volume": "21", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "710-716", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/0301-4215(93)90294-P", "citationKey": "hassett_energy_1993", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030142159390294P", "accessDate": "2011-11-26T17:36:58Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Energy conservation investment", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00199", "tags": [ { "tag": "Conservation investment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Discounting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Uncertainty", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-11-26T17:37:34Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "HBAGHWXW", "version": 2236, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/HBAGHWXW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/HBAGHWXW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "National Research Council", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HBAGHWXW", "version": 2236, "itemType": "book", "title": "Real Prospects for Energy Efficiency in the United States", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "National Research Council" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2010", "publisher": "The National Academies Press", "place": "Washington, D.C.", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "352", "ISBN": "0-309-13716-0", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "national_research_council_real_2010", "url": "www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12621", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-11-21T19:33:26Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "GTIRWCT6", "version": 2236, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/GTIRWCT6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/GTIRWCT6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Economic Forum and Accenture", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GTIRWCT6", "version": 2236, "itemType": "report", "title": "Energy Efficiency: Accelerating the Agenda", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "World Economic Forum" }, { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Accenture" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "", "place": "Geneva, Switzerland", "date": "2010", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "world_economic_forum_energy_2010", "url": "http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_EN_EnergyEfficiency_AcceleratingAgenda_Report_2010.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-27T18:09:32Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "FQFXKEPH", "version": 2236, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/FQFXKEPH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/FQFXKEPH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brookes", "parsedDate": "1992-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FQFXKEPH", "version": 2236, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Energy efficiency and economic fallacies: a reply", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Len", "lastName": "Brookes" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1992 May", "volume": "20", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "390–392", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/0301-4215(92)90059-B", "citationKey": "brookes_energy_1992", "url": "http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/030142159290059B", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "03014215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00046", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-27T18:09:32Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "HGUPPHM8", "version": 2235, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/HGUPPHM8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/HGUPPHM8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Scofield", "parsedDate": "2013-12", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "HGUPPHM8", "version": 2235, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Efficacy of LEED-certification in reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission for large New York City office buildings", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John H.", "lastName": "Scofield" } ], "abstractNote": "In this paper 2011 energy consumption, green house gas (GHG) emission, and ENERGY STAR Energy Performance Rating (EPR) data for 953 office buildings in New York City are examined. The data were made public as a result of New York City's local law 84. Twenty-one of these office buildings were identified as LEED-certified, providing the opportunity for direct comparison of energy performance data for LEED and non-LEED buildings of the same type, time frame, and geographical and climate region. With regard to energy consumption and GHG emission the LEED-certified buildings, collectively, showed no savings as compared with non-LEED buildings. The subset of the LEED buildings certified at the Gold level outperformed other NYC office buildings by 20%. In contrast LEED Silver and Certified office buildings underperformed other NYC office buildings. The average EPR for the LEED buildings was 78, 10 pts higher than that for all NYC office buildings, raising questions about the validity and interpretation of these EPR's. This work suggests that LEED building certification is not moving NYC toward its goal of climate neutrality. The results also suggest the need to re-examine some aspects of ENERGY STAR's benchmarking tool.", "publicationTitle": "Energy and Buildings", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2013", "volume": "67", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "517-524", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy and Buildings", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.08.032", "citationKey": "scofield_efficacy_2013", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037877881300529X", "accessDate": "2014-01-04T18:07:13Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0378-7788", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [ { "tag": "Commercial buildings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ENERGY STAR", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy benchmarking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy use intensity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Green buildings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Green house gas emission", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "LEED-certification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Source energy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-01-04T18:07:13Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "IU2737H4", "version": 2235, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/IU2737H4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/IU2737H4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Duflo et al.", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "IU2737H4", "version": 2235, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "What Does Reputation Buy? Differentiation in a Market for Third-Party Auditors", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Esther", "lastName": "Duflo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Greenstone" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rohini", "lastName": "Pande" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicholas", "lastName": "Ryan" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "American Economic Review", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "05/2013", "volume": "103", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "314-319", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1257/aer.103.3.314", "citationKey": "duflo_what_2013", "url": "http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.103.3.314", "accessDate": "2014-01-03T23:25:05Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0002-8282", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "What Does Reputation Buy?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00001", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-01-03T23:25:05Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "I7HDVPPM", "version": 2235, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/I7HDVPPM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/I7HDVPPM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tsvetanov and Segerson", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "I7HDVPPM", "version": 2235, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Re-evaluating the role of energy efficiency standards: A behavioral economics approach", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tsvetan", "lastName": "Tsvetanov" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kathleen", "lastName": "Segerson" } ], "abstractNote": "The economic models that prescribe Pigovian taxation as the first-best means of reducing energy-related externalities are typically based on the neoclassical model of rational consumer choice. Yet, consumer behavior in markets for energy-using durables is generally thought to be far from efficient, giving rise to the concept of the “energy-efficiency gap.” This paper presents a welfare analysis of energy policies that is based on a behavioral model of temptation and self-control, introduced by Gul and Pesendorfer [23,24]. We find that, in the presence of temptation, (i) Pigovian taxes alone do not yield a first-best outcome, (ii) when viewed as substitutes, energy efficiency standards can dominate Pigovian taxes, and (iii) a policy combining standards with a Pigovian tax can yield higher social welfare than a Pigovian tax alone, implying that the two instruments should be viewed as complements rather than substitutes.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Environmental Economics and Management", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Environmental Economics and Management", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeem.2013.04.006", "citationKey": "tsvetanov_re-evaluating_2013", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069613000284", "accessDate": "2013-06-20T15:35:11Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0095-0696", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Re-evaluating the role of energy efficiency standards", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [ { "tag": "Behavioral economics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy efficiency standards", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy-efficiency gap", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pigovian taxes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Self-control", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Temptation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Time-consistent preferences", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-06-20T15:35:11Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "HTK54JS5", "version": 2235, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/HTK54JS5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/HTK54JS5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Espey and Nair", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "HTK54JS5", "version": 2235, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Automobile Fuel Economy: What Is It Worth?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Molly", "lastName": "Espey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Santosh", "lastName": "Nair" } ], "abstractNote": "The marginal value of increased automobile fuel economy is estimated using a hedonic model of 2001 model year automobiles sold in the United States. This value is then compared to the average expected lifetime fuel savings attributable to increased fuel economy. Results indicate that automobile buyers fully internalize fuel cost savings attributable to improved fuel economy at low discount rates, and may partially internalize other perceived benefits of improved fuel economy such as reduction in global warming or fossil fuel dependence.", "publicationTitle": "Contemporary Economic Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "23", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "317–323", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1093/cep/byi024", "citationKey": "espey_automobile_2005", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1093/cep/byi024/abstract", "accessDate": "2013-01-08T16:17:13Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1465-7287", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Automobile Fuel Economy", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-08T16:17:13Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "ISP2T9GH", "version": 2235, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/ISP2T9GH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/ISP2T9GH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1207557, "username": "ichunh", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ichunh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ryan et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ISP2T9GH", "version": 2235, "itemType": "report", "title": "Energy Efficiency Policy and Carbon Pricing", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lisa", "lastName": "Ryan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sara", "lastName": "Moarif" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ellina", "lastName": "Levina" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Baron" } ], "abstractNote": "The main message of this paper is that while carbon pricing is a prerequisite for least-cost carbon mitigation strategies, carbon pricing is not enough to overcome all the barriers to cost-effective energy efficiency actions. Energy efficiency policy should be designed carefully for each sector to ensure optimal outcomes for a combination of economic, social and climate change goals. The main message of this paper is that while carbon pricing is a prerequisite for least-cost carbon mitigation strategies, carbon pricing is not enough to overcome all the barriers to cost-effective energy efficiency actions. Energy efficiency policy should be designed carefully for each sector to ensure optimal outcomes for a combination of economic, social and climate change goals.\n\nThis paper aims to examine the justification for specific energy efficiency policies in economies with carbon pricing in place. The paper begins with an inventory of existing market failures that attempt to explain the limited uptake of energy efficiency. These market failures are investigated to see which can be overcome by carbon pricing in two subsectors – electricity use in residential appliances and heating energy use in buildings. This analysis finds that carbon pricing addresses energy efficiency market failures such as externalities and imperfect energy markets. However, several market and behavioural failures in the two subsectors are identified that appear not to be addressed by carbon pricing. These include: imperfect information; principal-agent problems; and behavioural failures.\n\nIn this analysis, the policies that address these market failures are identified as complementary to carbon pricing and their level of interaction with carbon pricing policies is relatively positive. These policies should be implemented when they can improve energy efficiency effectively and efficiently (and achieve other national goals such as improving socio-economic efficiency).", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "Information Paper", "institution": "International Energy Agency", "place": "Paris", "date": "2011 August", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "ryan_energy_2011", "url": "http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name,4001,en.html", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00004", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-12-25T20:31:13Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "IB69DWNX", "version": 2235, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/IB69DWNX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/IB69DWNX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brown et al.", "parsedDate": "2001-11", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "IB69DWNX", "version": 2235, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Scenarios for a clean energy future", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marilyn A", "lastName": "Brown" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark D", "lastName": "Levine" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Walter", "lastName": "Short" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonathan G", "lastName": "Koomey" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper summarizes the results of a study—Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future—that assess how energy-efficient and clean energy technologies can address key energy and environmental challenges facing the US. A particular focus of this study is the energy, environmental, and economic impacts of different public policies and programs. Hundreds of technologies and approximately 50 policies are analyzed. The study concludes that policies exist that can significantly reduce oil dependence, air pollution, carbon emissions, and inefficiencies in energy production and end-use systems at essentially no net cost to the US economy. The most advanced scenario finds that by the year 2010, the US could bring its carbon dioxide emissions three-quarters of the way back to 1990 levels. The study also concludes that over time energy bill savings in these scenarios can pay for the investments needed to achieve these reductions in energy use and associated greenhouse gas emissions.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2001 November", "volume": "29", "issue": "14", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1179-1196", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/S0301-4215(01)00066-0", "citationKey": "brown_scenarios_2001", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421501000660", "accessDate": "2012-09-10T20:20:32Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00106", "tags": [ { "tag": "Carbon trading", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Clean energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Climate change", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-09-10T20:20:32Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "JJIWDUF3", "version": 2235, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/JJIWDUF3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/JJIWDUF3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chan et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JJIWDUF3", "version": 2235, "itemType": "report", "title": "The SO2 Allowance Trading System and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: Reflections on Twenty Years of Policy Innovation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gabriel", "lastName": "Chan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Stavins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Stowe" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Sweeney" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "Policy Brief", "institution": "Harvard Environmental Economics Program", "place": "Cambridge, MA", "date": "2012 January", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "chan_so2_2012", "url": "www.hks.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/heep/so2-policy-brief.html", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00018", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-06-27T15:26:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } }, { "key": "HFEGUXV8", "version": 2235, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 55517, "name": "Energy Efficiency Gap", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/55517/items/HFEGUXV8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/energy_efficiency_gap/items/HFEGUXV8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 747851, "username": "rstowe", "name": "Robert Stowe", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rstowe", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 438470, "username": "tgerarden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tgerarden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "National Research Council", "parsedDate": "2001", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HFEGUXV8", "version": 2235, "itemType": "book", "title": "Energy Research at DOE: Was It Worth It? Energy Efficiency and Fossil Energy Research: 1978-2000", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "National Research Council" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2001", "publisher": "The National Academies Press", "place": "Washington, D.C.", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "0-309-07448-7", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "national_research_council_energy_2001", "url": "http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309074487", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-27T18:09:32Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-17T02:23:14Z" } } ]