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"itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2016-05-26T16:36:32Z", "url": "http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/1252708-final-report-certifying-performance-small-wind-turbines", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "1252708-final-report-certifying-performance-small-wind-turbines.html", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-26T16:36:32Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-26T16:36:32Z" } }, { "key": "228FPRPN", "version": 10, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 545512, "name": "nwtc_testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/545512/items/228FPRPN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing/items/228FPRPN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": 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"www.osti.gov", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "certification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "wind energy wind", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-26T16:36:32Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-26T16:36:32Z" } }, { "key": "2T2WKZRH", "version": 9, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 545512, "name": "nwtc_testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/545512/items/2T2WKZRH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing/items/2T2WKZRH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hock et al.", "parsedDate": "1990", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2T2WKZRH", "version": 9, "itemType": "report", "title": "Performance and cost projections for advanced wind turbines", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sue", "lastName": "Hock" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bob", "lastName": "Thresher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Cohen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "name": "U.S. Department of Energy" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper identifies two possible wind turbine system architectures that represent the next generation of horizontal axis designs, targeted for the mid-1990s. Estimates of the effects of projected design refinements on energy capture and cost are used to calculate cost-of-energy (COE) estimates. Two basic design philosophies are presented: the first represents a system using power electronics to allow variable speed operation and the second represents an optimized stall-controlled rotor. Both concepts take; advantage of recent technological innovations including advanced airfoils; innovative control strategies; drive-train improvements; and site-dependent system optimization strategies, such as tall towers for sites with strong vertical wind shears. Our investigation indicates that these design improvements will increase energy capture about 40% to 50% with a corresponding negligible impact on cost, when compared with current state-of-the-art wind systems. These performance improvements result in COE estimates ranging; between $0.03 and $0.06/kWh for the mid-1990s for sites with annual average hub-height wind speeds from 8.5 mps to 6.8 mps.", "reportNumber": "NREL/CP -5500-56817", "reportType": "", "institution": "NREL", "place": "", "date": "1990", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/3795.pdf", "accessDate": "2016-05-26T16:27:19Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "primo-pmtna01.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cost-of-energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Horizontal-axis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Power electronics.", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stall-controlled rotor", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Wind turbines.", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-26T16:27:19Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-26T16:33:39Z" } }, { "key": "JV3IZJ8H", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 545512, "name": "nwtc_testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/545512/items/JV3IZJ8H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing/items/JV3IZJ8H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "T. Duarte et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JV3IZJ8H", "version": 5, "itemType": "document", "title": "Effects of Second-Order Hydrodynamic Forces on Floating Offshore Wind Turbines", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "T. Duarte" }, { "creatorType": "author", "name": "A. J. N. A. Sarmento" }, { "creatorType": "author", "name": "J. Jonkman" } ], "abstractNote": "Relative to first-order, second-order wave-excitation loads are known to cause significant motions and additional loads in offshore oil and gas platforms. The design of floating offshore wind turbines was partially inherited from the offshore oil and gas industry. Floating offshore wind concepts have been studied with powerful aero-hydro-servo-elastic tools; however, most of the existing work on floating offshore wind turbines has neglected the contribution of second-order wave-excitation loads. As a result, this paper presents a computationally efficient methodology to consider these loads within FAST, a wind turbine computer-aided engineering tool developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The method implemented was verified against the commercial OrcaFlex tool, with good agreement, and low computational time. A reference floating offshore wind turbine was studied under several wind and wave load conditions, including the effects of second-order slow-drift and sum-frequency loads. Preliminary results revealed that these loads excite the turbine's natural frequencies, namely the surge and pitch natural frequencies.", "type": "", "date": "2014", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60966.pdf", "accessDate": "2016-05-26T16:27:19Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "primo-pmtna01.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Computer-aided engineering", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "FAST", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "NREL", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Offshore wind turbines", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-26T16:27:19Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-26T16:27:19Z" } }, { "key": "SR44AN9V", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 545512, "name": "nwtc_testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/545512/items/SR44AN9V", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing/items/SR44AN9V", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/545512/items/AWVUTSW2", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "SR44AN9V", "version": 4, "parentItem": "AWVUTSW2", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "New York Times Snapshot", "accessDate": "2016-05-26T16:24:49Z", "url": "http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/26/us/politics/bernie-sanders-israel-democratic-convention.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "bernie-sanders-israel-democratic-convention.html", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-26T16:24:49Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-26T16:24:49Z" } }, { "key": "AWVUTSW2", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 545512, "name": "nwtc_testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/545512/items/AWVUTSW2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing/items/AWVUTSW2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Horowitz and Haberman", "parsedDate": "2016-05-25", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "AWVUTSW2", "version": 4, "itemType": "newspaperArticle", "title": "A Split Over Israel Threatens the Democrats’ Hopes for Unity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jason", "lastName": "Horowitz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maggie", "lastName": "Haberman" } ], "abstractNote": "Two people appointed by Senator Bernie Sanders to help draft the Democratic platform vowed to upend what they see as the party’s lopsided support of Israel.", "publicationTitle": "The New York Times", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2016-05-25", "volume": "", "issue": "", "edition": "", "section": "", "pages": "", "ISSN": "0362-4331", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/26/us/politics/bernie-sanders-israel-democratic-convention.html", "accessDate": "2016-05-26T16:24:49Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NYTimes.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Clinton, Hillary Rodham", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Democratic National Convention", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Democratic Party", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Israel", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Palestinians", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Presidential Election of 2016", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sanders, Bernard", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "West, Cornel", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Zogby, James J", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-26T16:24:49Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-26T16:24:49Z" } }, { "key": "HXEZUP36", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 545512, "name": "nwtc_testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/545512/items/HXEZUP36", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing/items/HXEZUP36", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/545512/items/VRGHBRHD", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "HXEZUP36", "version": 3, "parentItem": "VRGHBRHD", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2016-05-26T16:21:02Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951833916300181", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "S0951833916300181.html", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-26T16:21:02Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-26T16:21:02Z" } }, { "key": "VRGHBRHD", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 545512, "name": "nwtc_testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/545512/items/VRGHBRHD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing/items/VRGHBRHD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Li et al.", "parsedDate": "2016-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "VRGHBRHD", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Modified environmental contour method for predicting long-term extreme responses of bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Qinyuan", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zhen", "lastName": "Gao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Torgeir", "lastName": "Moan" } ], "abstractNote": "Predicting extreme responses is very important in designing a bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines. The commonly used method that account for the variability of the response and the environmental conditions is the full long-term analysis (FLTA), which is accurate but time consuming. It is a direct integration of all the probability distribution of short-term extremes and the environmental conditions. Since the long-term extreme responses are usually governed by very few important environmental conditions, the long-term analysis can be greatly simplified if such conditions are identified. For offshore structures, one simplified method is the environmental contour method (ECM), which uses the short-term extreme probability distribution of important environmental conditions selected on the contour surface with the relevant return periods. However, because of the inherent difference of offshore wind turbines and ordinary offshore structures, especially their non-monotonic behavior of the responses under wind loads, ECM cannot be directly applied because the environmental condition it selects is not close to the actual most important one.\n\nThe paper presents a modified environmental contour method (MECM) for bottom-fixed offshore wind turbine applications. It can identify the most important environmental condition that governs the long-term extreme. The method is tested on the NREL 5 MW wind turbine supported by a simplified jacket-type support structure. Compared to the results of FLTA, MECM yields accurate results and is shown to be an efficient and reliable method for the prediction of the extreme responses of bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines.", "publicationTitle": "Marine Structures", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2016", "volume": "48", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "15-32", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Marine Structures", "DOI": "10.1016/j.marstruc.2016.03.003", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951833916300181", "accessDate": "2016-05-26T16:21:02Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0951-8339", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Environmental contour method", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Inverse first order reliability method", "type": 1 }, { "tag": 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"https://api.zotero.org/groups/545512/items/VGPFF8VC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing/items/VGPFF8VC", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/545512/items/T986N8VT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "VGPFF8VC", "version": 2, "parentItem": "T986N8VT", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2016-05-26T16:20:34Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032115014100", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "S1364032115014100.html", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-26T16:20:34Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-26T16:20:34Z" } }, { "key": "IMUSJEPW", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 545512, "name": "nwtc_testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/545512/items/IMUSJEPW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing/items/IMUSJEPW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bagheri and Sun", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "IMUSJEPW", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Adaptive robust control of a class of non-affine variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbines with unmodeled dynamics", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pedram", "lastName": "Bagheri" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Qiao", "lastName": "Sun" } ], "abstractNote": "In this paper, a novel synthesis of Nussbaum-type functions, and an adaptive radial-basis function neural network is proposed to design controllers for variable-speed, variable-pitch wind turbines. Dynamic equations of the wind turbine are highly nonlinear, uncertain, and affected by unknown disturbance sources. Furthermore, the dynamic equations are non-affine with respect to the pitch angle, which is a control input. To address these problems, a Nussbaum-type function, along with a dynamic control law are adopted to resolve the non-affine nature of the equations. Moreover, an adaptive radial-basis function neural network is designed to approximate non-parametric uncertainties. Further, the closed-loop system is made robust to unknown disturbance sources, where no prior knowledge of disturbance bound is assumed in advance. Finally, the Lyapunov stability analysis is conducted to show the stability of the entire closed-loop system. In order to verify analytical results, a simulation is presented and the results are compared to both a PI and an existing adaptive controllers.", "publicationTitle": "ISA Transactions", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "ISA Transactions", "DOI": "10.1016/j.isatra.2016.04.008", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019057816300532", "accessDate": "2016-05-26T16:20:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0019-0578", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adaptive control", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adaptive neural network", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nussbaum-type functions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Robust control", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Wind turbines", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-26T16:20:34Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-26T16:20:34Z" } }, { "key": "T986N8VT", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 545512, "name": "nwtc_testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/545512/items/T986N8VT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing/items/T986N8VT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tummala et al.", "parsedDate": "2016-04", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "T986N8VT", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A review on small scale wind turbines", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Abhishiktha", "lastName": "Tummala" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ratna Kishore", "lastName": "Velamati" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dipankur Kumar", "lastName": "Sinha" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V.", "lastName": "Indraja" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V. Hari", "lastName": "Krishna" } ], "abstractNote": "Meeting future world energy needs while addressing climatic changes has led to greater strain on conventional power sources. One of the viable sustainable energy sources is wind. But the installation large scale wind farms has a potential impact on the climatic conditions, hence a decentralized small scale wind turbines is a sustainable option. This paper presents review of on different types of small scale wind turbines i.e., horizontal axis and vertical axis wind turbines. The performance, blade design, control and manufacturing of horizontal axis wind turbines were reviewed. Vertical axis wind turbines were categorized based on experimental and numerical studies. Also, the positioning of wind turbines and aero-acoustic aspects were presented. Additionally, lessons learnt from various studies/countries on actual installation of small wind turbines were presented.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 2016", "volume": "56", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1351-1371", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews", "DOI": "10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.027", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032115014100", "accessDate": "2016-05-26T16:20:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1364-0321", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aero acoustics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aerofoil", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rotor diameter", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Small scale wind turbines", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-26T16:20:34Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-26T16:20:34Z" } }, { "key": "XXCI65WA", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 545512, "name": "nwtc_testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/545512/items/XXCI65WA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/nwtc_testing/items/XXCI65WA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hafiz and Abdennour", "parsedDate": "2016-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "XXCI65WA", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inertia controller for variable-speed wind turbines", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Faizal", "lastName": "Hafiz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Adel", "lastName": "Abdennour" } ], "abstractNote": "A Variable-Speed Wind Turbine (VSWT) can serve as a good reservoir of Kinetic Energy (KE) for few seconds owing to wide operating rotor speed. Based on this fact, several approaches have been proposed to introduce synthetic inertial response in VSWT. Usually, this is accomplished by introducing an additional control loop at the outer most level of the control hierarchy. However, several key issues including the selection of control parameters and the effects of wind speed variations on the synthetic inertial support are not addressed. As a result, the KE reserve is severely under utilized. To address these concerns, in this work, a simple approach is proposed to control parameter selection which ensures the optimal use of available KE reserve. Further, to tackle the variable KE reserve, a comprehensive inertia controller using intelligent learning paradigm is designed. The proposed inertia controller can adapt to wind speed variations while providing optimum inertial response. Efficacy of the proposed approach is evaluated over the entire operating range of the VSWT. For further evaluation, wind speed data from NREL western wind integration is utilized. The results indicate that the proposed system is quite effective and can maintain an adequate performance over the entire operating range.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2016", "volume": "92", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "136-146", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.renene.2016.01.100", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148116301008", "accessDate": "2016-05-26T16:20:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-1481", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Doubly fed induction generators", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Inertia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Load frequency control", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuro-fuzzy control", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Particle swarm optimization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Variable speed wind turbines", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-26T16:20:34Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-26T16:20:34Z" } } ]