[ { "key": "53RTMGKA", "version": 983, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/53RTMGKA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/53RTMGKA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8998949, "username": "solmd", "name": "Sol Martinez Demarco", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/solmd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3844337, "username": "jaranta", "name": "Jonne Arjoranta", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jaranta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "static", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "53RTMGKA", "version": 983, "itemType": "computerProgram", "title": "Reading History Records", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "programmer", "firstName": "volatile", "lastName": "static" } ], "abstractNote": "Reading history data recorded by Chartero.\nDo NOT modify!", "seriesTitle": "", "versionNumber": "", "date": "", "system": "", "company": "", "place": "", "programmingLanguage": "JSON", "rights": "", "citationKey": "staticReadingHistoryRecords", "url": "https://github.com/volatile-static/Chartero", "accessDate": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "http://zotero.org/groups/542752", "libraryCatalog": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "callNumber": "", "shortTitle": "chartero", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-01-25T18:28:42Z", "dateModified": "2026-01-25T18:29:21Z" } }, { "key": "B96AGNV4", "version": 976, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/B96AGNV4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/B96AGNV4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 10313241, "username": "kylebeadle", "name": "Kyle Beadle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kylebeadle", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hwang et al.", "parsedDate": "2025-09-24", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "B96AGNV4", "version": 976, "itemType": "preprint", "title": "Governing Together: Toward Infrastructure for Community-Run Social Media", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sohyeon", "lastName": "Hwang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sophie", "lastName": "Rollins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thatiany Andrade", "lastName": "Nunes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yuhan", "lastName": "Liu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richmond", "lastName": "Wong" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Aaron", "lastName": "Shaw" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrés", "lastName": "Monroy-Hernández" } ], "abstractNote": "Decentralizing the governance of social computing systems to communities promises to empower them to make independent decisions, with nuance and in accordance with their values. Yet, communities do not govern in isolation. Many problems communities face are common, or move across their boundaries. We therefore propose designing for inter-community governance: mechanisms that support relationships and interactions between communities to coordinate on governance issues. Drawing from workshops with 24 individuals on decentralized, community-run social media, we present six challenges in designing for inter-community governance surfaced through ideas proposed in workshops. Together, these ideas come together as an ecosystem of resources, infrastructures, and tools that highlight three key principles for designing for intercommunity governance: modularity, forkability, and polycentricity. We end with a discussion of how the ideas proposed in workshops might be implemented in future work aiming to support community governance in social computing systems broadly.", "genre": "", "repository": "arXiv", "archiveID": "arXiv:2509.19653", "place": "", "date": "2025-09-24", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.48550/arXiv.2509.19653", "citationKey": "hwangGoverningTogetherInfrastructure2025", "url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19653", "accessDate": "2025-09-28T14:39:21Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Governing Together", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "arXiv.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "arXiv:2509.19653 [cs]", "tags": [ { "tag": "Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Computer Science - Social and Information Networks", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MKIUHJFJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-28T14:39:21Z", "dateModified": "2026-01-05T09:42:32Z" } }, { "key": "GB7RADHZ", "version": 976, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/GB7RADHZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/GB7RADHZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 10313241, "username": "kylebeadle", "name": "Kyle Beadle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kylebeadle", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kissane", "parsedDate": "2025-10-22", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "GB7RADHZ", "version": 976, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Trump Administration's Arrival on Bluesky Highlights Growing Pains for Open Networks | TechPolicy.Press", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erin", "lastName": "Kissane" } ], "abstractNote": "The administration’s antagonistic entry to the platform is best understood as a game of chicken, writes Erin Kissane.", "websiteTitle": "Tech Policy Press", "websiteType": "", "date": "2025-10-22T14:08:02.630Z", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "kissaneTrumpAdministrationsArrival2025a", "url": "https://techpolicy.press/trump-administrations-arrival-on-bluesky-highlights-growing-pains-for-open-networks", "accessDate": "2025-10-22T22:40:58Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bluesky" }, { "tag": "Trump" } ], "collections": [ "EKHMLFLR" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/542752/items/QLTKRJWC" }, "dateAdded": "2025-10-22T22:42:07Z", "dateModified": "2025-12-24T16:44:54Z" } }, { "key": "7FUWSWKU", "version": 955, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/7FUWSWKU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/7FUWSWKU", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/GB7RADHZ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "7FUWSWKU", "version": 955, "parentItem": "GB7RADHZ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2025-10-22T22:41:05Z", "url": "https://techpolicy.press/trump-administrations-arrival-on-bluesky-highlights-growing-pains-for-open-networks", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "trump-administrations-arrival-on-bluesky-highlights-growing-pains-for-open-networks.html", "md5": "e27cbe097c748853a6e65055110476d0", "mtime": 1761172865494, "tags": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/542752/items/AW8XVTM8" }, "dateAdded": "2025-10-22T22:42:07Z", "dateModified": "2025-12-24T16:44:54Z" } }, { "key": "U3R8WMI5", "version": 977, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/U3R8WMI5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/U3R8WMI5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3844337, "username": "jaranta", "name": "Jonne Arjoranta", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jaranta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hwang et al.", "parsedDate": "2023-02-23", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "U3R8WMI5", "version": 977, "itemType": "preprint", "title": "Whose Policy? Privacy Challenges of Decentralized Platforms", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sohyeon", "lastName": "Hwang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Priyanka", "lastName": "Nanayakkara" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yan", "lastName": "Shvartzshnaider" } ], "abstractNote": "In this position paper, we examine 100 privacy policies on Mastodon, a decentralized social networking platform, to reflect on the relationship between policy and technology design. The resurgence of interest in decentralized platforms is closely tied to concerns of data governance and user autonomy on their large, centralized counterparts. A key advantage of decentralized platforms is the opportunity for users to tailor the privacy policies and protocols governing their information and content. Despite this, servers in our sample overwhelmingly use the same generic privacy policy text. Furthermore, ambiguities in the dominant text prompt questions about whether implementations of the same policy differ in practice, how generic policies may fail to reflect user preferences, and what challenges arise when coordinating a decentralized network of communities and their policies.", "genre": "SSRN Scholarly Paper", "repository": "Social Science Research Network", "archiveID": "4416746", "place": "Rochester, NY", "date": "2023-02-23", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.2139/ssrn.4416746", "citationKey": "hwangWhosePolicyPrivacy2023", "url": "https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4416746", "accessDate": "2024-10-09T18:18:04Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Whose Policy?", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "papers.ssrn.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "contextual integrity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "decentralized social networks", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "online communities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "privacy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "privacy policies" } ], "collections": [ "MKIUHJFJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2024-10-09T18:18:24Z", "dateModified": "2025-11-14T15:23:22Z" } }, { "key": "89XZFGR6", "version": 976, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/89XZFGR6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/89XZFGR6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 10313241, "username": "kylebeadle", "name": "Kyle Beadle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kylebeadle", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tkacz and Gehl", "parsedDate": "2025-07-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "89XZFGR6", "version": 976, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "After Twitter: Fragmentation, Platform Polities and Protective Sociality", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nathaniel", "lastName": "Tkacz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert W.", "lastName": "Gehl" } ], "abstractNote": "This article argues that a profound change has occurred in the spaces of social media, centring on the region formerly occupied by Twitter. More than Twitter rebranding as X, After Twitter refers to a historical punctuation point in the timeline of social media and an emerging social media reality. After Twitter registers the slow death of a set of ideals and related practices specific to platforms like Twitter, but also to the waning of ideals in relation to the communicative potentials of the open web more generally. We make three broad claims which characterise social media After Twitter: First, by way of an overview of alternatives and competitors including Bluesky, Mastodon, Threads, Truth Social and more, we observe a social media fragmentation. Such fragmentation is not solely driven by economic forces or technological development and instead is understood along explicitly political lines. Second, we observe the rise of polarised platform polities. These polities reflect divergent political positions, create distinct political realities and foster different modes of interaction and belonging. Third, we observe a general shift from connective to protective forms of sociality, where users approach social media as if they are constantly in the presence of adversaries, and the ‘weak ties’ that once defined a web of opportunities are replaced by an assumed toxicity of ties. We conclude by reflecting on the nostalgia for the Twitter-that-was, suggesting the need to foster a critical and reflective relationship with the Twitter of old.", "publicationTitle": "Social Media + Society", "publisher": "SAGE Publications Ltd", "place": "", "date": "2025-07-01", "volume": "11", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "20563051251366907", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1177/20563051251366907", "citationKey": "tkaczTwitterFragmentationPlatform2025", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251366907", "accessDate": "2025-09-29T12:51:11Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2056-3051", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "After Twitter", "language": "EN", "libraryCatalog": "SAGE Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "RKQDRZSB" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-30T02:12:52Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-17T16:24:26Z" } }, { "key": "E36SS8J6", "version": 976, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/E36SS8J6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/E36SS8J6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 10313241, "username": "kylebeadle", "name": "Kyle Beadle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kylebeadle", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dunbar-Hester", "parsedDate": "2025-09-22", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "E36SS8J6", "version": 976, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Pin the tail on the researcher: From distributed to meshy accountability in decentralized social media", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christina", "lastName": "Dunbar-Hester" } ], "abstractNote": "(English): This paper explores the potentials and perils of alternative social media, through a firsthand account of targeted harassment on a prominent decentralized social media network, Mastodon. It illustrates how both network architecture and norms place the onus on users for their own safety. Though singular in content, this case conforms to patterns for which minoritized users of the network have sought remedy for years. This matters because abusive behavior online is common and its burden falls heavily on women, racial, ethnic, gender and sexual minorities, and the like; the democratic potential of noncommercial, decentralized social media cannot be realized if enhancing accountability to users is not a priority. The paper argues for foregrounding accountability in the network, spanning sociotechnical relationships between and amongst users, moderators, and architects of the network. It suggests that relations of production and participation on decentralized social media be oriented towards “meshy accountability,” invoking both consciously woven connections and the gaps and spaces between them.\n(Spanish): Este artículo explora el potencial y los riesgos de las redes sociales alternativas a través de un relato directo de acoso selectivo en Mastodon, una prominente red social descentralizada. Ilustra cómo tanto la arquitectura como las normas de la red responsabilizan a los usuarios de su propia seguridad. Si bien su contenido es singular, este caso se ajusta a patrones que los usuarios minoritarios de la red han buscado solución durante años. Esto es importante porque el comportamiento abusivo en línea es común y su carga recae considerablemente sobre mujeres, minorías raciales, étnicas, de género y sexuales, entre otras. El potencial democrático de las redes sociales descentralizadas y no comerciales no se puede materializar si no se prioriza la rendición de cuentas a los usuarios. El artículo aboga por priorizar la rendición de cuentas en la red, abarcando las relaciones sociotécnicas entre usuarios, moderadores y arquitectos de la red. Sugiere que las relaciones de producción y participación en las redes sociales descentralizadas se orienten hacia una “rendición de cuentas mezquina,” invocando tanto las conexiones tejidas conscientemente como las brechas y espacios entre ellas.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Community Informatics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2025-09-22", "volume": "21", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-26", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "dunbar-hesterPinTailResearcher2025", "url": "https://openjournals.uwaterloo.ca/index.php/JoCI/article/view/6644", "accessDate": "2025-09-29T20:26:24Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1712-4441", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Pin the tail on the researcher", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "openjournals.uwaterloo.ca", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright (c) 2025 Christina Dunbar-Hester", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Accountability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fediverse", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Free/Libre/Open/Source Software", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mastodon", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "alternative social media", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "autoethnography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "online harassment", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "RKQDRZSB" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-29T20:26:35Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-17T16:24:26Z" } }, { "key": "H5DDM974", "version": 975, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/H5DDM974", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/H5DDM974", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 10313241, "username": "kylebeadle", "name": "Kyle Beadle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kylebeadle", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gehl", "parsedDate": "2025-09-20", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "H5DDM974", "version": 975, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Fediverse Blocklists: Moderation in Noncapitalist Social Media", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert W.", "lastName": "Gehl" } ], "abstractNote": "Content moderation is a key form of labour on social media. While much of the scholarly attention has been given to paid or voluntary content moderation on corporate social media, this paper draws attention to content moderation on noncapitalist, alternative social media. Specifically, it focuses on the use of shared instance blocklists on the fediverse, a noncentralised network of community-run social media sites. The paper draws on critical analysis of the act of listing, which finds that listing is an administrative and moral act that introduces three problems: lists don’t carry their own selection criteria, they are binary, and they can grow. However, listing also produces knowledge. Drawing on this literature as well as participant observation and interviews, the paper explores how fediverse blocklist developers attempt to mitigate the problems of lists while also generating knowledge about content moderation in noncapitalist social media.", "publicationTitle": "tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2025-09-20", "volume": "23", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "278-294", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.31269/3s4fqf49", "citationKey": "gehlFediverseBlocklistsModeration2025", "url": "https://www.triple-c.at/index.php/tripleC/article/view/1556", "accessDate": "2025-09-20T00:59:28Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1726-670X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Fediverse Blocklists", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.triple-c.at", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "alternative social media", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "blocklists", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "content moderation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "fediverse", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "prefiguration", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "RKQDRZSB" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-20T01:02:07Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-17T16:24:26Z" } }, { "key": "5EE6J4EL", "version": 975, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/5EE6J4EL", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/5EE6J4EL", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 10313241, "username": "kylebeadle", "name": "Kyle Beadle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kylebeadle", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "5EE6J4EL", "version": 975, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "PeerSoN - Peer-to-Peer Social Networking", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "PeerSoNPeertoPeerSocial", "url": "http://www.peerson.net/index.shtml", "accessDate": "2025-09-01T16:32:36Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "PeerSon (social network)" } ], "collections": [ "EKHMLFLR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-01T16:32:36Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-10T23:58:06Z" } }, { "key": "YQBIIS54", "version": 970, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/YQBIIS54", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/YQBIIS54", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 10313241, "username": "kylebeadle", "name": "Kyle Beadle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kylebeadle", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schiöberg", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "YQBIIS54", "version": 970, "itemType": "thesis", "title": "A Peer-to-peer Infrastructure for Social Networks", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Doris", "lastName": "Schiöberg" } ], "abstractNote": "", "thesisType": "Diploma Thesis", "university": "Technische Universität Berlin", "place": "Berlin", "date": "2008", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "numPages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "schoberg2008PeertopeerInfrastructureSocial", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "PeerSon (social network)" }, { "tag": "peer-to-peer" } ], "collections": [ "RKQDRZSB" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-02-04T18:26:21Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-10T23:57:09Z" } }, { "key": "MF6EKLHE", "version": 969, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/MF6EKLHE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/MF6EKLHE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 10313241, "username": "kylebeadle", "name": "Kyle Beadle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kylebeadle", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Buchegger et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-03-31", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "MF6EKLHE", "version": 969, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "PeerSoN: P2P social networking: early experiences and insights", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sonja", "lastName": "Buchegger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Doris", "lastName": "Schï" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Le", "lastName": "Hung" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Epfl", "lastName": "Lausanne" }, { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Switzerland" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anwitaman", "lastName": "Datta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ntu", "lastName": "Singapore" } ], "abstractNote": "To address privacy concerns over Online Social Networks (OSNs), we propose a distributed, peer-to-peer approach cou-pled with encryption. Extending the distributed approach by direct data exchange between user devices removes the strict connectivity requirements of web-based OSNs. In order to verify the feasibility of this approach, we designed a two-tiered architecture and protocols that recreate the core fea-tures of OSNs in a decentralized way. This paper focuses on the description of the prototype built for the P2P infrastruc-ture for social networks, as a first step without the encryp-tion part, and shares early experiences from the prototype and insights gained since first outlining the challenges and possibilities of decentralized alternatives to OSNs.", "proceedingsTitle": "SNS’09", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "ACM Press", "place": "Nuremberg", "date": "2009-03-31", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "46-52", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1145/1578002.1578010", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "buchegger2009PeerSoNP2PSocial", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "PeerSoN", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ResearchGate", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "PeerSon (social network)" }, { "tag": "peer-to-peer" } ], "collections": [ "RKQDRZSB" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-02-04T17:24:29Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-10T23:56:56Z" } }, { "key": "YC46ZM7Y", "version": 930, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/YC46ZM7Y", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/YC46ZM7Y", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/89XZFGR6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "YC46ZM7Y", "version": 930, "parentItem": "89XZFGR6", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "SAGE PDF Full Text", "accessDate": "2025-09-29T12:51:11Z", "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/20563051251366907", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Tkacz and Gehl - 2025 - After Twitter Fragmentation, Platform Polities and Protective Sociality.pdf", "md5": "e728bb4224fdc382cd993f2eff4afafc", "mtime": 1759198372828, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-30T02:12:52Z", "dateModified": "2025-09-30T02:12:52Z" } }, { "key": "KXUMSCBA", "version": 926, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/KXUMSCBA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/KXUMSCBA", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/E36SS8J6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KXUMSCBA", "version": 926, "parentItem": "E36SS8J6", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2025-09-29T20:26:26Z", "url": "https://openjournals.uwaterloo.ca/index.php/JoCI/article/download/6644/6411", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Dunbar-Hester - 2025 - Pin the tail on the researcher From distributed to meshy accountability in decentralized social med.pdf", "md5": "a3f105cb00b90c176f49122890174932", "mtime": 1759177586065, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-29T20:26:35Z", "dateModified": "2025-09-29T20:26:35Z" } }, { "key": "PZBIEXM2", "version": 923, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/PZBIEXM2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/PZBIEXM2", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/B96AGNV4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PZBIEXM2", "version": 923, "parentItem": "B96AGNV4", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "PDF", "accessDate": "2025-09-28T14:39:19Z", "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.19653", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Hwang et al. - 2025 - Governing Together Toward Infrastructure for Community-Run Social Media.pdf", "md5": "377ef636c44d760a2245afc172379fcf", "mtime": 1759070361786, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-28T14:39:19Z", "dateModified": "2025-09-28T14:39:21Z" } }, { "key": "CYY5U3BU", "version": 921, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/CYY5U3BU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/CYY5U3BU", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/H5DDM974", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CYY5U3BU", "version": 921, "parentItem": "H5DDM974", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2025-09-20T00:59:32Z", "url": "https://www.triple-c.at/index.php/tripleC/article/download/1556/1670", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Gehl - 2025 - Fediverse Blocklists Moderation in Noncapitalist Social Media.pdf", "md5": "1553c65978c71ef58f0813aa2f811233", "mtime": 1758330128268, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-20T01:02:07Z", "dateModified": "2025-09-20T01:02:07Z" } }, { "key": "5X4T6BZV", "version": 975, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/5X4T6BZV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/5X4T6BZV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 10313241, "username": "kylebeadle", "name": "Kyle Beadle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kylebeadle", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Balci", "parsedDate": "2025", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5X4T6BZV", "version": 975, "itemType": "thesis", "title": "A Data-Driven Exploration of Niche Web Community Behavior", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Utkucan", "lastName": "Balci" } ], "abstractNote": "The Internet has been instrumental in connecting groups of people with similar interests and viewpoints, enabling Web communities to have a voice through platforms designed for social interaction and engagement. While the Web allows us to create communities that are focused on, e.g., specific characters in a given TV show or video game, it has also enabled those with less socially acceptable interests to bridge the geographic distance that would have kept them from interacting in the past. This downside of communicating with likeminded people, regardless of their geographic location, has made the real-world impact of online harassment and extremism an emerging threat to modern society. The necessity of understanding the formation, evolution, and expression of the communities that are part of this puzzle is growing each day, since there are practically no boundaries for creating new communities.\nIn this dissertation, I aim to broaden our understanding of niche Web community behavior. First, I examine how niche Web communities coordinate real-world disruption through the phenomenon of zoombombing. By analyzing social media posts that share links to online meetings, I identify patterns in how these links are distributed and discussed on platforms like 4chan and Twitter. My analysis reveals that many of these posts target educational institutions and often include conspiratorial themes. This work demonstrates how behaviors originating in overlooked online spaces can lead to direct social harm beyond the Web. My second research project explores the diversity in online women’s ideological spaces using a multi-dimensional approach. I perform a large-scale, data-driven analysis of over 6M Reddit comments and submissions from 14 subreddits. I elicit a diverse taxonomy of online women’s ideological spaces, ranging from counterparts to the so-called Manosphere to Gender-Critical Feminism. I then perform content analysis, finding meaningful differences across topics and communities. Finally, I shed light on two platforms, ovarit.com and thepinkpill.co, where two toxic communities of online women’s ideological spaces (Gender-Critical Feminism and Femcels) migrated after their ban on Reddit.\nIn my third research project, I perform a first of its kind large-scale measurement study exploring left-wing extremism. I focus on “tankies,” a left-wing community that first arose in the 1950s in support of hardline actions of the USSR and has evolved to support what they call “Actually Existing Socialist” countries, e.g., CCP-run China, the USSR, and North Korea. I collect and analyze 1.3M posts from 53K authors from tankie subreddits, and explore the position of tankies within the broader far-left community on Reddit. Among other things, I find that tankies are clearly on the periphery of the larger far-left community. When examining the contents of posts, I find misalignments and conceptual homomorphisms that confirm the description of tankies in the theoretical work. I also discover that tankies focus more on state-level political events rather than social issues, and that their toxicity increases following deplatforming. Finally, I studied an underexplored domain. Motivated by the growing impact of podcasts on political discourse, as seen with figures like Joe Rogan and Andrew Tate, I explore the political biases and content strategies used in video podcasts. I conduct an analysis of over 13K podcast videos from both YouTube and Rumble, focusing on their political content and the dynamics of their audiences. While YouTube hosts a broad range of content, Rumble has increasingly become a platform of choice for creators who position themselves against mainstream media and moderation norms. This has led to the emergence of a politically charged and ideologically skewed podcast ecosystem on Rumble, making it a niche Web community in its own right. Using advanced speech-to-text transcription, topic modeling, and contrastive learning techniques, I explore three critical aspects: 1) the presence of political bias in podcast channels, 2) the nature of content that correlates with podcast views, and 3) the usage of visual elements in these podcasts. My findings reveal a distinct right-wing orientation in Rumble’s podcasts, contrasting with YouTube’s more diverse and apolitical content.\nTogether, these studies offer a data-driven, multi-perspective examination of niche Web community behavior. This dissertation highlights how fringe Web communities express, reinforce, and in some cases act on extreme beliefs. My findings underscore the importance of studying underexplored areas of the Web to better understand how online subcultures shape discourse, challenge content moderation, and generate social impact beyond the digital environment.", "thesisType": "Ph.D.", "university": "State University of New York at Binghamton", "place": "United States -- New York", "date": "2025", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "numPages": "251", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "9798293815791", "citationKey": "balciDataDrivenExplorationNiche2025", "url": "https://www.proquest.com/docview/3248167733/abstract/9921C2672C3E4BDDPQ/1", "accessDate": "2025-09-16T12:52:12Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Computer science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Film studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Niche web community behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Online extremism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Web communities", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-16T12:52:16Z", "dateModified": "2025-09-16T12:52:54Z" } }, { "key": "4ITHG2BM", "version": 975, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/4ITHG2BM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/4ITHG2BM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 10313241, "username": "kylebeadle", "name": "Kyle Beadle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kylebeadle", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Quian and Lázaro-Rodríguez", "parsedDate": "2025-09-08", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "4ITHG2BM", "version": 975, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Capítulo 6. Fediverso y medios públicos: el reto de estar en Mastodon", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alberto", "lastName": "Quian" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pedro", "lastName": "Lázaro-Rodríguez" } ], "abstractNote": "La creciente concentración del poder comunicativo en redes sociales corporativas como X (antes Twitter) ha impulsado la exploración de alternativas descentralizadas como el Fediverso, un ecosistema federado basado en software libre, protocolos abiertos y principios comunitarios. Este capítulo analiza el potencial del Fediverso y, particularmente, de Mastodon, para su adopción por parte de medios de servicio público comprometidos con la transparencia, la soberanía digital y la participación democrática. En primer lugar, se contextualizan los fundamentos técnicos y éticos del Fediverso, así como el auge de la investigación académica en torno a estas plataformas tras la compra de Twitter (renombrada X) por Elon Musk. A continuación, se presenta un análisis de 20 cuentas verificadas de medios públicos en Mastodon. Se examinan variables como número de seguidores y reciprocidad, volumen y frecuencia de publicaciones, actividad e inactividad, tipo de instancia en el que se alojan, distribución geográfica e idiomática de las cuentas, y cronología de incorporación a Mastodon. Los resultados revelan tres modelos de presencia: (a) medios institucionales con instancias propias y estrategias unidireccionales, alta visibilidad y baja reciprocidad; (b) medios comunitarios, en instancias externas, con vínculos horizontales y actividad relacional intensa; y (c) casos intermedios o discontinuos, marcados por baja frecuencia de publicación o abandono. También se constata que la mayoría de las cuentas surgieron tras el «efecto Musk». Finalmente, se proponen recomendaciones para que los medios públicos articulen una presencia eficaz y coherente en el Fediverso, alineada con su función social al servicio del interés general, los valores democráticos y la soberanía digital.\nSumario: 1. Introducción; 2. Protocolos, auge de la investigación y oportunidad para periodistas y medios; 2.1 ActivityPub: un hito clave en la evolución de los protocolos para la interoperabilidad en el Fediverso; 2.2 Auge de la investigación sobre Mastodon y el Fediverso; 2.3 Una oportunidad para periodistas y medios; 3. Medios públicos en Mastodon; 3.1 Seguidores y reciprocidad; 3.2 Volumen acumulado de publicaciones; 3.3 Frecuencia de publicación; 3.4 Cronología de incorporación a Mastodon; 3.5 Inactividad reciente: un indicador de compromiso sostenido; 3.6 Alojamiento técnico: instancias propias y externas; 3.7 Distribución geográfica e idiomática; 4. Consideraciones finales, estrategias y recomendaciones para medios públicos en Mastodon.", "publicationTitle": "Espejo de Monografías de Comunicación Social", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2025-09-08", "volume": "", "issue": "40", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "111-136", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.52495/c6.emcs.40.p116", "citationKey": "quianCapitulo6Fediverso2025", "url": "https://espejodemonografias.comunicacionsocial.es/article/view/8460", "accessDate": "2025-09-13T14:15:16Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2660-4213", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Capítulo 6. Fediverso y medios públicos", "language": "es", "libraryCatalog": "espejodemonografias.comunicacionsocial.es", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Derechos de autor 2025", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Fediverso", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mastodon", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medios públicos", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "periodismo", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "plataformas federadas", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "redes sociales descentralizadas", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "soberanía digital", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "RKQDRZSB" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-13T14:15:28Z", "dateModified": "2025-09-13T14:16:15Z" } }, { "key": "M32RX3MW", "version": 916, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/M32RX3MW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/M32RX3MW", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/4ITHG2BM", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "M32RX3MW", "version": 916, "parentItem": "4ITHG2BM", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2025-09-13T14:15:19Z", "url": "https://espejodemonografias.comunicacionsocial.es/article/download/8460/9127", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Quian and Lázaro-Rodríguez - 2025 - Capítulo 6. Fediverso y medios públicos el reto de estar en Mastodon.pdf", "md5": "00be11421131fea3b0699b34005782b2", "mtime": 1757772919494, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-13T14:15:28Z", "dateModified": "2025-09-13T14:15:28Z" } }, { "key": "966INU4Q", "version": 913, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/966INU4Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/966INU4Q", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/YQBIIS54", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "966INU4Q", "version": 913, "parentItem": "YQBIIS54", "itemType": "note", "note": "

2025 September 1

\n

Reading this for a potential ASM Blog post -- “PeerSoN: The First Alternative Social Networking Site?”

\n

This is a thesis written by Doris Schiöberg in 2008 at the Technische Universität Berlin

\n

The final sentence of the document, on page 44, has the mention of “alternative” as in “alternative social media”:

\n

“Depending on the results of the evaluation, it is even possible to bring this project to the real world and offer a privacy saving alternative for Facebook, Orkut, StudiVZ, etc.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 44)

\n

10 - Introduction

\n

Online social networks articulated with Web 2.0 or the “content based web.”

\n

“Why Web 2.0? The innovation is that in contrast to the traditional web, where a web site is filled with content by the owner of the web site, all or most of the content is contributed by the users, the clients. The success of a web 2.0 page is highly dependent on the community of contributing users.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 10)

\n

[The “user-generated content” idea]

\n

This is articulated with Facebook, Orkut, and StudiVZ (a German company making a social networking site for students).

\n

1.1 Motivation

\n

Discussion of

\n\n

11 - And yet, the quandary is: my friends and family are on corporate social media, so I feel I must use them

\n

Discussion of intellectual property:

\n

“This is, for example, relevant regarding the question, if a user is allowed to take out his own social graph from one OSN and can transfer it to another OSN.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 11)

\n

“In conclusion, we note that current social networks have a privacy leak.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 11)

\n

1.2 Sealing the privacy leak of social networks

\n

“Our proposal for tackling the privacy leak is to give the user back the control over his data by decentralizing the system and using certain encryption mechanisms to make the data accessible only to authorized people. We do so by replacing the server in an online social network with a distributed system of a peer-to-peer network.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 11)

\n

[This is a classic move -- if the social graph is meant to be friend-to-friend-to-family member, then why is there a server at the center? Reminds me of Aral Balkan’s “man in the middle” idea. Replace that server with a peer-to-peer network, where a client/device acts as an agent for the user.]

\n

The data should be encrypted, with only certain users having access

\n

“The challenge is to develop an infrastructure that gives us the possibility to keep as many of the features of existing OSNs, such as Facebook, while eliminating all privacy problems.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 11)

\n

[This is what I would call ‘critical reverse engineering.’]

\n

What gets lost in this architecture? A web server -- the assumption is that there is one client.

\n

Keyword search is also not implemented.

\n

12 - Author notes encryption is beyond the scope of the thesis -- that’s discussed by another thesis, Afify 2008 (which is in our collection).

\n

1.3 Structure of this thesis

\n

Ch2: how peer-to-peer works

\n

Ch3: how the protocols work

\n

Ch4: tests and evaluation

\n

Ch6: summary

\n

[Chapter 5…?]

\n

1.4 Terminology

\n

various terms

\n

Distinction between “online social network” and “social network”

\n

14 - 2 Background information and design choices

\n

This chapter focuses on web-based OSNs and how their features can be implemented in a P2P system

\n

2.1 Features of Web based OSNs

\n

2.1.1 Joining from everywhere

\n

“Facebook is a Web service. As such it can be used anytime and at any place as long as the user has a browser and an Internet connection available.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 14)

\n

The P2P system won’t have a server.

\n

The only way they could support logging in from anywhere is if the P2P system becomes popular enough that browsers have extensions for it

\n

“Nevertheless it is quite feasible to build it in a way that it can be run from everywhere, once the source code can be reached.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 14)

\n

2.1.2 Leaving messages

\n

Asynchronous messaging in Facebook (e.g., The Wall)

\n

15 - They will have trouble with this, they note

\n

2.1.3 Uploading myself – my own profile

\n

“One of the key features of Facebook is the possibility of creating and editing a profile. They enable each user to publish any information about himself that he’s willing to share.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 15)

\n

Another challenge for a decentralized system

\n

2.1.4 Finding friends

\n

“Facebook offers a search functionality that, for example, allows to issue a query with the name of the school and then returns a list of all Facebook users that have entered this school in their profile.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 15)

\n

Another challenging part for P2P, the author notes

\n

2.2 Differences to other P2P applications

\n

“Many P2P systems and applications hav been built for different purposes. As such it is natural to ask, why it is necessary to design yet another P2P system for OSNs.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 15)

\n

[Does this mean this is the first P2P for OSN, as far as the author knew?]

\n\n

15 - Has Table 2.1, which ambitiously says PeerSoN will include the features discussed in this section

\n\n

the closest analog to a P2P OSN is a collaboration system, but Schiöberg notes those tend to be for a small and fixed set of users

\n

16 - 2.3 Storage

\n

The always-on, always-available problem:

\n
\n

“This section is about how to handle the actual data of the users. By “data“ we mean the actual content that a user uploads to Facebook, such as pictures, personal data, etc. In Facebook all the data is on the servers of the company that owns Facebook, namely Microsoft. The data is always available and when storage becomes short, they can just add some new hard discs. In our system we want to be as close to “always available“ as possible, so we need to think about where, what, and how many copies to store.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 17)

\n
\n

One solution: the user has their data, and their friends have copies

\n

But that means when they are all offline, the data aren’t accessible

\n

Another solution is to spread the data across machines

\n

[This is the Freenet solution]

\n

The spread-the-data approach raises questions:

\n\n

and

\n\n

An idea: store data on home routers!

\n

[Very similar to the FreedomBox idea, or Balkan’s SmallWeb idea

\n

This line of thinking makes me realize how innovative Freenet was. Did Sone predate PeerSoN?]

\n

2.4 Bootstrapping

\n

The Bootstrapping problem is getting a new peer onto the network

\n

Two approaches: a list of always-on IP addresses

\n

18 - or a neighbor-based approach

\n

The former approach is centralization

\n

so they opt for OpenDHT

\n

This can be used to create something like a DNS system

\n

“Our idea for this issue is to have a decentralized P2P lookup service similar to the Domain Name Service (DNS). As underlying structure we suggest to use a DHT in which every node is reachable via a web-like URL, so that the IP addresses can be resolved via a DNS query. How do the peers know the URL, especially many URLs, each lookup node would have its own? For this question, we think of a principle that is similar to Jabber. Jabber allows everyone to set up a Jabber server to support the Jabber network. The URL of such a server is always in the form anyserver.jabber.somedomain. We could establish a network of bootstrapping servers which are connected to each other. The URL of each server is then, e.g., myserver.bootstrapping.de, so every URL contains a fixed part like bootstrapping.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 18)

\n

2.5 Topology

\n

Unstructured and structured topologies

\n

19 - 2.5.1 Unstructured topologies

\n

“One example of an unstructured P2P system is Gnutella. Unstructured systems result in a random neighbour graph as it has no rules on how to choose a neighbour to connect to.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 19)

\n

This approach works for file sharing or video streaming

\n

The difference for an OSN is that the files are not copied widely and they can change

\n

Unstructured won’t work, author argues

\n

2.5.2 Structured topologies

\n

“A structured P2P system, e.g., one with an underlying DHT, is in contrast to the unstructured solution a topology, in which every node gets its own ID. Based on this ID the node is then responsible for a certain set of data bound to that ID. When searching data a query is formulated and then forwarded to the node with the ID that is nearest in relation to the data. This way of directing a query can make structured topologies much more efficient.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 19)

\n

This is resource-intensive, though, so it taxes client devices

\n

“One solution to that is a system of super-peers doing the DHT jobs. The other users can then connect to that DHT-system built by super-peers, sending requests and messages.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 19)

\n

So there’s a control plane and a data plane

\n

20 - discussion of this implementation, which is quite detailed

\n

21 - More specifics about implementing their DHT, compared to other approaches

\n

22 - This page has a discussion of their preferred approach, OpenDHT

\n

23 - 3 Design and implementation of a P2P protocol for social networks

\n

“As we decided to implement the version with non-smart super-peers, we need to design a protocol for the peers that offers all key features of an OSN. For the protocol we designed, we need at least three methods, put, get and remove to make the system work. We do that using OpenDHT – that is the only deployed system, that provides all three methods – as a network of super-peers that provides a lookup service. We implemented an application for the non-super-peers that works using OpenDHT.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 23)

\n

This chapter is about the implementation of the protocols

\n

3.1 Globally unique IDs – GUID

\n

“A globally unique ID is equal to a user name.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 23)

\n

To achieve this, they rely on email addresses, since there would be no central service for unique usernames

\n

But this is only for a prototype -- a list of email addresses is too valuable to spammers to expose

\n

They solve for this with MD5 hashes of the emails

\n

24 - Has Figure 3.1, a topology of the network

\n

3.2 DHT of super-peers as lookup service

\n

more discussion of OpenDHT

\n

3.2.1 Smart super-peers – OSN-DHT

\n

“What does an OSN-DHT need to offer, to make it work? This depends on what users do in such a system.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 24)

\n

25 - describes various actions

\n

3.2.2 Using OpenDHT as lookup service

\n

“The following section describes how we use OpenDHT as a lookup service and how we realize on top of it a system with the version of a non-smart DHT.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 25)

\n

26 - keypairs, time-to-live

\n

3.3 Further methods to connect to neighbours

\n

“A peer is not a super-peer, although a user – the person in front of a machine – can run both, a peer and a super-peer at the same time, but the peer and super-peer will always be logically divided. So this section is about how peers connect to each other.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 26)

\n

Various ways peers can connect

\n

Including via Bluetooth

\n

27 - 3.4 One GUID – many machines

\n

This is a way to address a user having multiple devices

\n

3.5 Announcing content – file management

\n

“As denoted before, we need the ability to tell the DHT what files a peer has stored. This section describes the protocol and how we implemented it.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 27)

\n

key system looks a wee bit like Freenet

\n

There are special Index files that indicate the subfiles

\n

28 - 3.6 Interaction between peers to retrieve a file

\n

The ‘get’ request discussion

\n

29 - Has Figure 3.2, pseudo-code for the process of getting a file

\n

30 - 3.6 Interaction between peers to retrieve a file

\n

“In this section we explain how user sessions are handled and how the log in and log out procedures work and are implemented.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 30)

\n

3.7.1 Handling user sessions

\n

“Questions, that have to be answered, include: What should be done if a peer stays online at his home PC, goes out without logoff and wants to connect from somewhere else? How does PeerSON know at which location the peer is right now, e.g., for private messages?” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 30)

\n

Users can have “active, online, and offline” states

\n

3.7.2 The protocol

\n

Description of the logging on process

\n

31 - Figure 3.3 with the login process

\n

3.7.3 Format of key value pairs

\n

Describes the GUID keys

\n

3.7.4 Problems when leaving suddenly

\n

No implementation for handling this yet

\n

32 - Table 3.3 has fields of login values

\n

3.8 Synchronous messages: chat

\n

They note this would actually be easy to implement, but they set it aside for the prototype

\n

3.9 Searching new friends

\n

“One of the strengths of services like Facebook or StudiVZ is, that they have a search functionality to find old class mates, people from the same university, or with similar interests. Such a feature is difficult to handle in a system that has the goal to save the privacy of its users.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 33)

\n

Their approach is search by exact match or GUID

\n

People can set access rights to various personal details -- birthday, name, city of birth

\n

3.10 Asynchronous messages: Wall, mail

\n

Asynchronous messages are a hard problem, the author writes

\n

“In this section, we discuss why the wall is, from the protocol point of view, the hardest problem in a P2P system – along with the bootstrapping problem – , give some possibilities on how to solve and explain what we implemented and why.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 33)

\n

3.10.1 Why asynchronous messages are the hardest problem

\n

34 - “In the case of asynchronous messages, a peer wants to leave at least the message in the system that he wants to send a message for some other peer that is currently offline. In the worst case, both peers are never online at the same time, he even wants to leave the message itself somewhere, that the other peer can pick it up. Hence we need to add a memory – not storage – to our P2P system.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 34)

\n

3.10.2 Possibilities to solve that problem

\n

having multiple peers check for messages for a person -- a delegation

\n

another is delegates + DHT

\n

or their own “smart DHT”

\n

3.10.3 What we implemented

\n

35 - Figure 3.4: wall-to-wall messaging

\n

Storage of messages by the DHT

\n

3.10.4 Format of the messages

\n

The process by which the message is sent

\n

36 - 4 Evaluation

\n

“This chapter describes the setup, parameters, and values, which are necessary to prove that our system works properly and is scalable.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 36)

\n

4.1 The experiment setup

\n

They experiment with PlanetLab, a bunch of nodes around the world

\n

“It is possible to allocate resources on these nodes in the form of virtual machines to implement, install, and run any experiment.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 36)

\n

Simulating the actions of users of an OSN:

\n

“The idea is to create a social network from a small graph, see chapter 4.3, and for each node of the graph a standardized profile, a set of user files including the application. Then we generate for each node an event log, a text file that contains all the events a user can do, like log in, find the newest files of a friend, and so on. The generation of these events is at the moment randomized on the basis of an uniform distribution, as we still do not have appropriate knowledge about the user behavior in social networks.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 36)

\n

They randomized things, like online/offline

\n

37 - “Unfortunately, OpenDHT has been very unreliable for a few months, so it was not possible to execute our test setup until now.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 37)

\n

4.2 What to measure to know if the ideas work

\n

They use Facebook as a reference:

\n

“To know if our system works, we first need to know what to measure and what to compare the results with. This section discusses which values can be gathered and what that tells us about our protocol and its implementation. In general we use Facebook as a reference, especially on everything related to time, e.g., the time until the profile of a peer is available compared to the time it takes on the Facebook website to open a user’s profile.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 37)

\n

4.2.1 Latency

\n

this is also compared to Facebook

\n

4.2.2 Get the right answers from the system

\n

“Getting the right answers means that other peers and the location of files can be found.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 37)

\n

4.3 How to simulate real users

\n

“We work with a real system, not a simulation, but we do not have real users by now, so we need to simulate the users and their behavior. This section describes how this can be done and what we have already achieved.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 37)

\n

38 - 4.3.1 The social graph

\n

artificially-produced social graph, e.g., via a small world graph algorithm

\n

They don’t want to scrape Facebook for a graph, even though it’s a good graph

\n

Someone crawled StudiVZ, and they studied the resulting data

\n

39 - charts with variations on social graphs

\n

40 - “Though it is not clear how good our test graph really is, it is a good enough start for experiment setups.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 40)

\n

4.3.2 Online times and actions

\n

“Having a graph that can be used to simulate the users is very helpful. But to find out if the system is scalable and well behaved, the users must do something with the system. So we need to simulate not only the users but also their behavior.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 40)

\n

They draw on anonymized Facebook data, gathered from an ISP(!), to do this

\n

4.3.3 How many super-peers are needed?

\n

“An additional question that comes up is, how do we ensure we have enough superpeers? And how many are enough?” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 40)

\n

41 - 5 Related work

\n

“There are many systems and platforms that provide similar or features related to our work. In this chapter we briefly introduce them and explain how they differ from our approach.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 41)

\n

5.1 E-post

\n

A peer-to-peer email system

\n

5.2 Jabber

\n

XMPP-based instant messaging, but more centralized

\n

5.3 Publish-subscribe systems

\n

[I gather this is like RSS?]

\n

42 - Figure 5.1 describes publish-subscribe

\n

5.4 Master thesis about the encryption system

\n

“As mentioned before in this work we do not handle any encryption or security issues. A protocol to that was designed by Youssef Afify [ENC], who especially addresses the problem of access control.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 42)

\n

5.5 Hierarchical DHTs

\n

“There exist different approaches for hierarchically organized P2P systems. First of all, Gnutella has been working since years with a super-peer concept, but it is still an unstructured P2P system. Hierarchical systems including DHTs, such as Chordella [HDHT] are in many cases designed to improve load balancing of DHTs.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 42)

\n

43 - 5.6 DHTs as lookup service

\n

“A DHT is traditionally always a lookup system, as it is an architecture built with the goal to efficiently find data and content within a P2P network. In contrast, we use the DHT as a super-peer system, to store and look up meta-data, but store the content outside of the DHT.” (Schiöberg, 2008, p. 43)

\n

44 - 6 Conclusions and outlook

\n

6.1 Summary

\n

as it says on the tin

\n

6.2 Future work

\n

\n
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-01T16:27:03Z", "dateModified": "2025-09-01T20:23:35Z" } }, { "key": "J37DXDI3", "version": 913, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/J37DXDI3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/J37DXDI3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/BT8YG5LY", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "J37DXDI3", "version": 913, "parentItem": "BT8YG5LY", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "A DHT is traditionally always a lookup system, as it is an architecture built with the goal to efficiently find data and content within a P2P network. In contrast, we use the DHT as a super-peer system, to store and look up meta-data, but store the content outside of the DHT.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "43", "annotationSortIndex": "00042|000022|00111", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":42,\"rects\":[[85.041,719.671,481.903,730.58],[85.041,706.126,481.889,717.035],[85.041,692.572,481.894,703.481],[85.041,679.027,224.687,689.936]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-01T20:22:40Z", "dateModified": "2025-09-01T20:22:40Z" } }, { "key": "G9HHUYFE", "version": 913, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/G9HHUYFE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/G9HHUYFE", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/BT8YG5LY", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "G9HHUYFE", "version": 913, "parentItem": "BT8YG5LY", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "There exist different approaches for hierarchically organized P2P systems. First of all, Gnutella has been working since years with a super-peer concept, but it is still an unstructured P2P system. Hierarchical systems including DHTs, such as Chordella [HDHT] are in many cases designed to improve load balancing of DHTs.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "42", "annotationSortIndex": "00041|001125|00630", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":41,\"rects\":[[113.382,214.357,510.233,225.266],[113.382,200.812,510.253,211.721],[113.382,187.258,510.249,198.167],[113.382,173.713,510.245,184.623]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-01T20:22:14Z", "dateModified": "2025-09-01T20:22:14Z" } }, { "key": "FFBQ94YW", "version": 912, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/FFBQ94YW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/FFBQ94YW", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/BT8YG5LY", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "FFBQ94YW", "version": 912, "parentItem": "BT8YG5LY", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "As mentioned before in this work we do not handle any encryption or security issues. A protocol to that was designed by Youssef Afify [ENC], who especially addresses the problem of access control.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "42", "annotationSortIndex": "00041|000873|00530", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":41,\"rects\":[[113.382,300.1,510.233,311.009],[113.382,286.555,510.229,297.464],[113.382,273.001,255.38,283.91]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-01T20:20:58Z", "dateModified": "2025-09-01T20:20:58Z" } }, { "key": "ECVEUI2L", "version": 909, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/ECVEUI2L", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/ECVEUI2L", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/BT8YG5LY", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "ECVEUI2L", "version": 909, "parentItem": "BT8YG5LY", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "There are many systems and platforms that provide similar or features related to our work. In this chapter we briefly introduce them and explain how they differ from our approach.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "41", "annotationSortIndex": "00040|000080|00183", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":40,\"rects\":[[85.041,661.306,481.892,672.215],[85.041,647.752,481.908,658.661],[85.041,634.207,176.661,645.116]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-01T20:17:09Z", "dateModified": "2025-09-01T20:17:09Z" } }, { "key": "XMNEZBXF", "version": 909, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/XMNEZBXF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/XMNEZBXF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/BT8YG5LY", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "XMNEZBXF", "version": 909, "parentItem": "BT8YG5LY", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "An additional question that comes up is, how do we ensure we have enough superpeers? And how many are enough?", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "40", "annotationSortIndex": "00039|001937|00579", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":39,\"rects\":[[113.383,251.482,510.246,262.391],[113.383,237.937,281.691,248.846]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-01T20:16:48Z", "dateModified": "2025-09-01T20:16:48Z" } }, { "key": "U2YZC3J2", "version": 908, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 542752, "name": "Social Media Alternatives Project Bibliography", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/U2YZC3J2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_media_alternatives_project_bibliography/items/U2YZC3J2", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/542752/items/BT8YG5LY", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 214, "username": "octavabasso", "name": "Robert W. Gehl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/octavabasso", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "U2YZC3J2", "version": 908, "parentItem": "BT8YG5LY", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "Having a graph that can be used to simulate the users is very helpful. But to find out if the system is scalable and well behaved, the users must do something with the system. So we need to simulate not only the users but also their behavior.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "40", "annotationSortIndex": "00039|000929|00326", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":39,\"rects\":[[113.383,504.526,510.273,515.435],[113.383,490.981,510.244,501.89],[113.383,477.427,480.701,488.336]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-09-01T20:15:51Z", "dateModified": "2025-09-01T20:15:51Z" } } ]