[ { "key": "HMVWA6JW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 54108, "name": "Social Movement Media Ecology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/54108/items/HMVWA6JW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology/items/HMVWA6JW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 28737, "username": "schock", "name": "Sasha Costanza-Chock", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schock", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Vaccari", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "HMVWA6JW", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "THE NEWS MEDIA AS NETWORKED POLITICAL ACTORS", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cristian", "lastName": "Vaccari" } ], "abstractNote": "Research on internet politics has found that digital media have contributed to a hybridization of the organizational practices of parties, movements and interest groups. Little attention, however, has been paid to how the news media employ online engagement tools to pursue political goals, as is the case when political parallelism is present. This study addresses this issue through an in-depth analysis of two Italian cases: the e-petition campaigns by the newspaper la Repubblica and the assemblage of a convergent media network to broadcast a protest rally organized by the television talk show host Michele Santoro. Online citizen engagement now constitutes a valuable political resource for journalists and news organizations that have historically been involved in the political battlefield rather than practicing objectivity and neutrality. However, these efforts are limited in their democratic potential to the extent that they constitute top-down leveraging of audience support by media elites rather than grassroots channels for citizens to set the agenda and voice their opinions. The relevance of these phenomena goes well beyond Italy, as parts of the media systems of most Western democracies are characterized by political parallelism.\nResearch on internet politics has found that digital media have contributed to a hybridization of the organizational practices of parties, movements and interest groups. Little attention, however, has been paid to how the news media employ online engagement tools to pursue political goals, as is the case when political parallelism is present. This study addresses this issue through an in-depth analysis of two Italian cases: the e-petition campaigns by the newspaper la Repubblica and the assemblage of a convergent media network to broadcast a protest rally organized by the television talk show host Michele Santoro. Online citizen engagement now constitutes a valuable political resource for journalists and news organizations that have historically been involved in the political battlefield rather than practicing objectivity and neutrality. However, these efforts are limited in their democratic potential to the extent that they constitute top-down leveraging of audience support by media elites rather than grassroots channels for citizens to set the agenda and voice their opinions. The relevance of these phenomena goes well beyond Italy, as parts of the media systems of most Western democracies are characterized by political parallelism.", "publicationTitle": "Information, Communication & Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "14", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "981-997", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/1369118X.2011.572984", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com.libproxy.mit.edu/doi/abs/10.1080/1369118X.2011.572984", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1369-118X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor&Francis", "callNumber": "0000", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-17T16:34:48Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-17T16:34:49Z" } }, { "key": "IG9PEFEZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 54108, "name": "Social Movement Media Ecology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/54108/items/IG9PEFEZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology/items/IG9PEFEZ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/54108/items/HMVWA6JW", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 28737, "username": "schock", "name": "Sasha Costanza-Chock", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schock", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "IG9PEFEZ", "version": 1, "parentItem": "HMVWA6JW", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "T&F PDF fulltext", "accessDate": "2012-01-17T16:34:48Z", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com.libproxy.mit.edu/doi/pdf/10.1080/1369118X.2011.572984", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-17T16:34:48Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-17T16:34:48Z" } }, { "key": "WFHWNEKA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 54108, "name": "Social Movement Media Ecology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/54108/items/WFHWNEKA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology/items/WFHWNEKA", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/54108/items/HMVWA6JW", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 28737, "username": "schock", "name": "Sasha Costanza-Chock", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schock", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "WFHWNEKA", "version": 1, "parentItem": "HMVWA6JW", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "T&F Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-01-17T16:34:48Z", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com.libproxy.mit.edu/doi/abs/10.1080/1369118X.2011.572984", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-17T16:34:48Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-17T16:34:48Z" } }, { "key": "UZTH554J", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 54108, "name": "Social Movement Media Ecology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/54108/items/UZTH554J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology/items/UZTH554J", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 28737, "username": "schock", "name": "Sasha Costanza-Chock", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schock", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Porta", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "UZTH554J", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "COMMUNICATION IN MOVEMENT", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Donatella Della", "lastName": "Porta" } ], "abstractNote": "Literature on social movements, mass media and democracy have rarely interacted. Research on democracy has tended to focus on representative institutions, pragmatically using ?minimalistic? operationalization of democracy as electoral accountability, and providing structural explanations of democratic developments. Research on the mass media also tended to isolate them as a separate power, reflecting on the technological constraints and opportunities for communication. Social movement studies have mainly considered democratic characteristics as setting the structure of political opportunities social movements have to address and ? more rarely ? looked at the constraints the mass media impose upon powerless actors. Structural, instrumental and institutional biases, in various combination, tended to characterize the three fields of studies. More recently, in all three fields of knowledge, some opportunities for reciprocal learning and interactions developed, moved by some exogenous, societal changes as well as disciplinary evolution. The author argues that looking at the intersection of democracy, media and social movements could be particularly useful within a relational and constructivist perspective, that takes normative positions by the different actors into account. More broadly, this would mean to pay attention to the permeability of the borders between the three concepts, as well as between the three fields they tend to separate. The article does this by looking first at the debate on recent transformations of democracy, described by labels such as post-democracy or counter-democracy, as well as on the New Media and social movements, and then at what recent research on social movements can add to them.\nLiterature on social movements, mass media and democracy have rarely interacted. Research on democracy has tended to focus on representative institutions, pragmatically using ?minimalistic? operationalization of democracy as electoral accountability, and providing structural explanations of democratic developments. Research on the mass media also tended to isolate them as a separate power, reflecting on the technological constraints and opportunities for communication. Social movement studies have mainly considered democratic characteristics as setting the structure of political opportunities social movements have to address and ? more rarely ? looked at the constraints the mass media impose upon powerless actors. Structural, instrumental and institutional biases, in various combination, tended to characterize the three fields of studies. More recently, in all three fields of knowledge, some opportunities for reciprocal learning and interactions developed, moved by some exogenous, societal changes as well as disciplinary evolution. The author argues that looking at the intersection of democracy, media and social movements could be particularly useful within a relational and constructivist perspective, that takes normative positions by the different actors into account. More broadly, this would mean to pay attention to the permeability of the borders between the three concepts, as well as between the three fields they tend to separate. The article does this by looking first at the debate on recent transformations of democracy, described by labels such as post-democracy or counter-democracy, as well as on the New Media and social movements, and then at what recent research on social movements can add to them.", "publicationTitle": "Information, Communication & Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "14", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "800-819", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/1369118X.2011.560954", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com.libproxy.mit.edu/doi/abs/10.1080/1369118X.2011.560954", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1369-118X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor&Francis", "callNumber": "0001", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-17T16:33:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-17T16:33:22Z" } }, { "key": "9E6KQVID", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 54108, "name": "Social Movement Media Ecology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/54108/items/9E6KQVID", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology/items/9E6KQVID", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/54108/items/UZTH554J", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 28737, "username": "schock", "name": "Sasha Costanza-Chock", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schock", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "9E6KQVID", "version": 1, "parentItem": "UZTH554J", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "T&F Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-01-17T16:33:21Z", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com.libproxy.mit.edu/doi/abs/10.1080/1369118X.2011.560954", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-17T16:33:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-17T16:33:21Z" } }, { "key": "ZAR9RDTN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 54108, "name": "Social Movement Media Ecology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/54108/items/ZAR9RDTN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology/items/ZAR9RDTN", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/54108/items/UZTH554J", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 28737, "username": "schock", "name": "Sasha Costanza-Chock", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schock", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "ZAR9RDTN", "version": 1, "parentItem": "UZTH554J", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "T&F PDF fulltext", "accessDate": "2012-01-17T16:33:21Z", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com.libproxy.mit.edu/doi/pdf/10.1080/1369118X.2011.560954", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-17T16:33:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-17T16:33:21Z" } }, { "key": "ZX2H3NMA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 54108, "name": "Social Movement Media Ecology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/54108/items/ZX2H3NMA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology/items/ZX2H3NMA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 28737, "username": "schock", "name": "Sasha Costanza-Chock", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schock", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kelly Garrett", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "ZX2H3NMA", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Protest in an Information Society: a review of literature on social movements and new ICTs", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Kelly Garrett" } ], "abstractNote": "New Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are changing the ways in which activists communicate, collaborate and demonstrate. Scholars from a wide range of disciplines, among them sociology, political science and communication, are working to understand these changes. The diversity of perspectives represented enriches the literature, providing an abundant repertoire of tools for examining these phenomena, but it is also an obstacle to understanding. Few works are commonly cited across the field, and most are known only within the confines of their discipline. The absence of a common set of organizing theoretical principles can make it difficult to find connections between these disparate works beyond their common subject matter. This paper responds by locating existing scholarship within a common framework for explaining the emergence, development and outcomes of social movement activity. This provides a logical structure that facilitates conversations across the field around common issues of concern, highlighting connections between scholars and research agendas that might otherwise be difficult to discern.\nNew Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are changing the ways in which activists communicate, collaborate and demonstrate. Scholars from a wide range of disciplines, among them sociology, political science and communication, are working to understand these changes. The diversity of perspectives represented enriches the literature, providing an abundant repertoire of tools for examining these phenomena, but it is also an obstacle to understanding. Few works are commonly cited across the field, and most are known only within the confines of their discipline. The absence of a common set of organizing theoretical principles can make it difficult to find connections between these disparate works beyond their common subject matter. This paper responds by locating existing scholarship within a common framework for explaining the emergence, development and outcomes of social movement activity. This provides a logical structure that facilitates conversations across the field around common issues of concern, highlighting connections between scholars and research agendas that might otherwise be difficult to discern.", "publicationTitle": "Information, Communication & Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "9", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "202-224", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/13691180600630773", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com.libproxy.mit.edu/doi/abs/10.1080/13691180600630773", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1369-118X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Protest in an Information Society", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor&Francis", "callNumber": "0131", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-17T16:31:48Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-17T16:31:49Z" } }, { "key": "RDH5IINQ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 54108, "name": "Social Movement Media Ecology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/54108/items/RDH5IINQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology/items/RDH5IINQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/54108/items/ZX2H3NMA", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 28737, "username": "schock", "name": "Sasha Costanza-Chock", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schock", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "RDH5IINQ", "version": 1, "parentItem": "ZX2H3NMA", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "T&F Snapshot", "accessDate": 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"https://api.zotero.org/groups/54108/items/KTCTK7NW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology/items/KTCTK7NW", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/54108/items/8RIPJ7TD", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 28737, "username": "schock", "name": "Sasha Costanza-Chock", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schock", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "KTCTK7NW", "version": 1, "parentItem": "8RIPJ7TD", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "T&F PDF fulltext", "accessDate": "2012-01-17T15:46:39Z", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13691180600630773", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-01-17T15:46:39Z", "dateModified": "2012-01-17T15:46:39Z" } }, { "key": "8QGIJPNW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 54108, "name": "Social Movement Media Ecology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/54108/items/8QGIJPNW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/social_movement_media_ecology/items/8QGIJPNW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 28737, "username": "schock", "name": "Sasha Costanza-Chock", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schock", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Minkler and Wallerstein", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "8QGIJPNW", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Community-based participatory research for health: From process to outcomes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Minkler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": 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